Fysisk aktivitet, matvanor, övervikt och självkänsla bland ungdomar

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Fysisk aktivitet, matvanor, övervikt och självkänsla bland ungdomar 14 During school days most young people had lunch in the school canteen (87.2%), but the proportion was higher among children with a higher rather than a lower educated mother.Young people of Swedish origin more often ate in the school canteen than those with a foreign or immigrant background.A weak positive association was found between the proportion of pupils that liked and ate school meals and the application of the National Food Administration’s guidelines for school lunches. Accordingly, the schools should apply these guidelines. In the study, girls were found to have more irregular eating habits than boys. Only two-thirds of girls had breakfast 4 or 5 days a school week, compared with three-quarters of boys.Young people from homes with a lower educated mother, low incomes and smaller dwellings showed more irregular eating habits than those from homes with better socioeconomic conditions. Adolescents of Swedish origin had more regular eating habits than those with a foreign or immigrant background. Young people who had breakfast on a regular basis took fewer unhealthy snacks between main meals than those who did not, and also watched TV/video to a lesser extent. Also, those who achieved the recommended level of 60 minutes’ physical activity of at least a moderate intensity level per day had more regular breakfast habits than others. Overweight and obese youth showed more irregular breakfast habits, and also more irregular eating habits in general, than the others.The schools should consider offering breakfast to children and adolescents in need of it. Girls, especially those with a higher educated mother, made a healthier food selection than boys, and more often ate fruit and vegetables. 37.3% of girls and 27.8% of boys ate fruit or vegetables every day. Of the girls, only 11.4% ate both fruit and vegetables every day, and for boys the proportion was as low as 7.9%.This means that only 10% of the young people covered by the study could have reached the recommended level of eating 500 grams of fruit and vegetables per day, which is an alarmingly low proportion. Offering fruit at school might increase young people’s intake substantially. The dietary patterns of adolescents were analyzed, and three components were identified: “unhealthy food”, “healthy food”, and “traditional food”. Adolescents with a lower educated mother ate “unhealthy food”, consisting largely of food items low in nutrients with a high energy density, twice as often as those with a higher educated mother. Girls with a higher educated mother ate “healthy food” more often than the others. When intake of “unhealthy food” was examined among young people of various ethnicities, it was found that a high intake of food of this kind was more common among those with a foreign or an immigrant background. There are reasons for municipalities and schools to consider how the availability of unhealthy food can be restricted within publicly run services for children and adolescents.
Summary 15 It is known from previous studies that self-esteem is related to mental health. It was found in this study that girls had lower self-esteem than boys, and that the lowest score was on the “psychological well-being” subscale. Adolescents with low self-esteem were found to be more sedentary and less physically active than those with high self-esteem. Those with high selfesteem more often ate “healthy food”, whereas those with low self-esteem had more irregular eating habits than the others. Further, boys with low self-esteem had a higher mean BMI and a greater waist circumference than those with high self-esteem.Young people who were overweight or obese showed lower self-esteem than the others, and those who were content with their body size showed higher self-esteem than those who were discontent. Although this cross-sectional study cannot give definite answers about cauality, there are grounds for believing that poor and irregular eating habits in combination with a sedentary life style (in front of the TV or video) seem to be important factors contributing to the social and ethnic differences in obesity. A low level of physical activity contributes to such differences to only a small extent, or even not at all, but is a problem for all socioeconomic groups. It is likely that low self-esteem gives rise to poor health behaviors. The COMPASS study has identified a number of factors related to eating habits and physical activity among adolescents. Although the design of the study does not permit far-reaching conclusions to be drawn about causality, it is known from other studies that there are health determinants at all levels of society – ranging from the individual, through the family and school, to the local community’s environment and policies. Accordingly, prevention of overweight and obesity should follow an integrated approach across several different levels.The recommendations in this report are relevant at all these levels, and may provide a good foundation for the planning of future efforts designed to promote healthy eating habits and physical activity among the young.
Page 1 and 2: Fysisk aktivitet, matvanor, övervi
Page 5 and 6: Förord Barns och ungdomars hälsa
Page 7 and 8: Innehåll Resultat -analytisk del i
Page 9 and 10: Tack Författarpresentationer Proje
Page 11 and 12: Sammanfattning utländsk respektive
Page 13 and 14: Sammanfattning bidrar mindre eller
Page 15: Summary 11.2% of the girls and 14.5
Page 19: Bakgrund
Page 49 and 50: Resultat - beskrivande del 47 Fysis
Page 51 and 52: Tabell 9. Antal timmar stillasittan
Page 53 and 54: Promenader och cykling Resultat - b
Page 55 and 56: Tabell 14. Andel ungdomar som klara
Page 57 and 58: % 100 50 Flickor Pojkar 0 0 2 4 6 8
Page 59 and 60: Tabell 19. Energiförbrukning (MJ/d
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Page 63 and 64: Middagsvanor På en fråga om midda
Page 65 and 66: % 100 80 60 40 20 0 Grönsaker N=92
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Tabell 26. Ungdomarnas konsumtion a
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Resultat - beskrivande del Kroppsst
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Resultat - beskrivande del Tabell 2
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Tabell 32. Förekomst av övervikt
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Resultat - beskrivande del högre s
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Tabell 37. Självkänsla enligt tot
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Resultat - beskrivande del dagar (2
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% 50 0 Pojkar över 60 min Flickor
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Tabell 43. Andel ungdomar i respekt
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Resultat - beskrivande del Skolmats
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Resultat - beskrivande del kroppsfe
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Resultat - beskrivande del Betydels
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Tabell 52. Antalet idrotts- och fri
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Resultat - beskrivande del fysisk a
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Resultat - analytisk del inklusive
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Fysisk aktivitet, matvanor, övervi
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Bortfall och metodaspekter Diskussi
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Diskussion och rekommendationer til
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Social kognitiv teori Enligt denna
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Referenser 161 15. MCCARTHY HD, ELL
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Referenser 163 51. KLASSON-HEGGEBO
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Referenser 165 90. WELK GJ AND CORB
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Referenser 167 128. GROTH MV, FAGT
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Referenser 169 166. STATENS BEREDNI
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Enkätsvar: PAR-värde Aktivitetsni
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Fysisk aktivitet, matvanor, övervikt och självkänsla bland ungdomar

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