Institut za rudarstvo i metalurgiju Bor

esses, require the use of modern systems
of exploitation and proper selection and
sizing exploitation machinery. The main
characteristic of modern systems is a high
degree of mechanization and automation
of mining operations (mining, loading,
transport, construction of underground
facilities, supporting, etc.), with respect
the strict requirements in terms of work
safety, worker safety, and environmental
protection.
For suitable selection of excavation
mechanization, it is necessary to observe
the all relevant factors of influence
that can affect exclusive or limiting.
Features of excavation machinery is
particularly complex when the productive
strata are not regular, i.e., when
they are not horizontal or slightly sloping
when their thickness does not allow
the formation of such excavation fronts,
which in one grip, the length of several
kilometers can excavate [2].
Analysis of longwall mining exploitation
opportunities
Comfortable working conditions and
set of production-economic parameters, in
mine conditions could provide the longwall
mining methods with complex machinery.
However, these methods and
modern machinery complex, requiring a
very favorable mining-geological conditions
in the coal deposit that is mined.
Reserves below a depth of 50m can be
excavated using the underground method. It
is certain that the underground exploitation
is longer and more resources for development
of mining facilities for the opening of
the deposit, transport and export, for what
the additional tests are necessary to be carried
out to select the best variant for mining
and exploitation of coal and oil shale using
the underground method.
Reached by modern science and practice
of underground exploitation, certainly
in the process gave the industrial character.
True, in many ways it is specific, but
basically has all the characteristics of in-
dustrial processes. Operational procedures
in each deposit are technologically related
to a single integral whole with harmonious
development of continuity. Modern technological
developments are incorporated
into the technological phases of work and
to build complementary production unit,
which lost more extensive character, that
is one of the basic characteristics of industrial
process. Opening concept and preparing
the deposit-taking into account all previous
data limitations and principles, as
well as known conditions of exploitation
of deposits, impose the following approximate
technical solutions:
- rational design is mine with min. 1.5
mil. t/year with prospective increase in
the capacity of 4 mil. t/year or more;
- capacity of 1.5 mil. t/year and more
than 4 mil. t/year are necessary to build
minimum of 3 open rooms, namely, it
is necessary to separate the export of
coal and oil shale from the transportation
of people and supply of raw materials
and the pits have a special room
for ventilation;
- geographical location of deposit and
slop elements pointing to the central
location of the main export and ventilation
systems; selection of micro-site
facilities in the function of the morphology
of the terrain, communications,
construction conditions of surface
complex and more, and it is difficult
to give precise technical elements
that define the technology and costs of
construction, but will give the same
assessment of the cost of similar facilities
in other mines.
All known and presumed influential
factors corresponding to the opening a
system that includes:
- Main export decline slope, with crosssectional
area of about 14 m 2 , falling
about 15 o , the total length up to 1000
m;
- Ventilation decline slope, with crosssectional
area of about 10m 2 and fall
No 1, 2010. 51
MINING ENGINEERING