Contribution of Forestry to Poverty Alleviation - APFNet

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Chand, P. B. and Ghimire, K. (2007). Unlocking the value of pine forest for sustainable livelihoods: A case study from Hile Jaljale “KA” Community forest in Kabhre Palanckok District of Nepal. In R. Oberndorf, P. Furst, S. Mahanty, K. Burslem, & R. Suzuki (Eds.), A cut for the poor: Proceedings of the international conference on managing forests for poverty reduction: Capturing opportunities in forest harvesting and wood processing for the benefit of the poor. FAO RAP Publication Number and RECOFTC Report No. 19. FAO, RECOFTC, Bangkok. Center for International Research (CIFOR). (2007). Towards well-being: A source book for local governance bodies. Indonesia. CIFOR. Cristensen, M., Rayamajhi, S., & Meilby, H. (2009). Balancing fuelwood and biodiversity concerns in rural Nepal. Ecological modelling, 220 (2009): 222-232. Deaton, A. & Grosh, M., (2002). Consumption. In M. Grosh & P. Glewwe (Eds.), Designing household survey questionnaires for developing countries: Lessons from 15 years. Living Standards Measurement Study, Vol. 1. Washington, DC: World Bank, pp. 91–134. Dev, O.P. & Adhikari, J. (2007). Community forestry in the Nepal hills: Practices and livelihood impacts. In O. Springate-Baginski & P. Blaikie (Eds.), Forests, people and power. The political ecology of reform in South Asia. London: Earthscan. pp. 142-176. DFD Fund Guidelines. (2008). District forest development fund guidelines. Government of Nepal. DFRS. (N.d.). Forest resources contribution to GDP. (Unpublished paper). Babarmahal, Kathmandu: Department of Forest Research and Survey. FAO. (2008). Effectiveness of leasehold forestry program to poverty reduction. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2010). Global forest resource assessment, main report. FAO Forestry Paper No. 163. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. FAO. Nepal and leasehold forestry and livestock program. Government of Nepal. Government of Nepal. (2010). NTFP and timber trade report of the Department of Forest, Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation. Government of Nepal(GON)/ADB/FINNIDA. (1988). Master plan for the forestry sector in Nepal: Main Report. Kathmandu, Nepal: Government of Nepal. Hilbert, P. (1997). Seabuckthorn – Chinese experience. Report on a Nepalese Study Tour to China 24th November to 6th December, 1996. HMG/DANIDA. Tree improvement programme. Hattisar, Kathmandu, Nepal. His Majesty Government/ Danish International Development Agency. Human Development Report (HDR). (2009). Nepal human development report. Kathmandu, Nepal: UNDP. Human Development Report. IFAD. (2003). Interim evaluation: Hills leasehold and forage development project, Vol. I, Main Report. Rome, Italy: IFAD Office of Evaluation, Via del Serafico. International Fund for Agricultural Development Department for International Development (DFID) - Nepal. (2010). Livelihood and forestry program of DFID. Kathmandu: Department for International Development. Kafley, G.P. (2007). Annual work plan of institutional and technical capacity building in support of leasehold forestry project. Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation/Food and Agriculture Organization. Kanel, K.R. & Niraula, D. (2004). Twenty five years of community forestry: Contribution to Millennium Development Goals. Proceedings of the Fourth National Workshop on Community Forestry held in Kathmandu. 238
Kanel, K.R. (2010). Community forestry in Nepal: Moving ahead in the future. In M.K. Balla & A. K.Singh (Eds.), Proceedings National Conference on Forest – People Interaction. Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University. Teku, Kathmandu: The Rising Sun Printers. Karky, B.S., Skutsch, M., & Baskota, K. (2009). Implications for community forest policy under the proposed REDD policy. In K.P. Aharya et. al. (Eds.) Ready for REDD? Taking stock of experiences, opportunities and challenges in Nepal. Kathmandu: Nepal Foresters Association, Mass Printing Press. Koirala, A. K. (2002). An assessment of seabuckthorn development activities in Mustang District (A case study carried out in the Lower Mustang). (B. Sc. Forestry Dissertation Paper) Pokhara, Nepal: Institute of Forestry. Leasehold forestry and livestock program (LFP). (2004). A study on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) marketing system in Eastern Nepal. Livelihood and Forestry Program. LFLP. (2005). Leasehold forestry and livestock program report. Kathmandu: Department of Forest. NLSS. (2004). Nepal living standard survey. Government of Nepal: Central Bureau of Statistics, National Planning Commission of Nepal. NPC. (2008). Annual report of the National Planning Commission. Government of Nepal. Singha Darbar. Kathmandu. National Planning Commission. NPC (2010a). Poverty measurement practices in Nepal and number of poor. Kathmandu: National Planning Commission. NPC (2010b). Three year plan approach paper (2010/11-2012/13). Government of Nepal: National Planning Commission. Ojha, H.R., Timsina, N.P., Kumar, C., Belcher, B., Banjade, M.R., Chhetri, R., & Nightingale, A. (2007). Community-based forest management. programmes in Nepal: An overview of contexts, policies, practices and issues. In H. Ojha, N.P. Timsina, C. Kumar, M.R. Banjade, & N.B. Belcher (Eds.), Communities, forest and governance: Policy and institutional innovations from Nepal. New Delhi: Adroit Publishers. Pokharel, B.K., Branney, P., Nurse, M., & Malla, Y. B. (2007). Community forestry: Conserving forests, sustaining livelihoods and strengthening democracy. In H. Ojha, N.P. Timsina, C. Kumar, M.R. Banjade, B. Belcher (Eds), Communities, forest and governance: Policy and institutional innovations from Nepal. New Delhi: Adroit Publishers. Pandit, B.H. (2003). Prospects of promoting non-timber forest products in the mountains of Nepal. (PhD dissertation) Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand. Pandit, B.H., Adrian, A., & Kumar, C. (2009). Community based forest enterprises in Nepal: An analysis of their role in increasing income benefits to the poor. Small Scale Forestry, 8 (4): pp 447- 463. Pandit, B.H. & Kumar, C. (2010). Factors influencing the integration of non-timber forest products into field crop cultivation: A case study from eastern Nepal. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 29: 671-695. Rajchal, R. (2007). Biomass production of aeabuckthorn (Hippophae salicifolia) and its role in income seneration. (Unpublished masteral thesis), Institute of Forestry, Pokhara. Rana, B. & Subedi, R. (2009). Contribution of community forests in reducing economic poverty. In Proceedings of the Community Forestry International Workshop held in Pokhara in 15-18 September, 2009. Kathmandu: Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation. Rayamajhi, S. (2009). Forest dependency, livelihoods and conservation of high altitude forests in Nepal. (PhD dissertation), University of Copenhagen: Faculty of Life Sciences, Forest and Landscape, Denmark. 239
Page 1:
Making Forestry Work for the Poor A
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© FAO ISBN The designations employ
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Contents Foreword .................
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Figures Table VII.6. Characteristic
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Acronyms and Abbreviations AAC Annu
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MDG Millennium Development Goal MGN
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Acknowledgements This publication o
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Introduction Overview Peter Walpole
Page 19 and 20:
Table 1: Status of Poverty Reductio
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Although poverty alleviation is inc
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Past efforts to address poverty thr
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Lack of Support for NWFP Developmen
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to absorb the large number of peopl
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Smallholder tree farming Engaging i
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cultures is a major challenge. Cult
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2. Capacity building for individual
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Poffenberger, M. and Smith-Hanssen,
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Life in an unforgiving environment
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Forest Policy and Its Objectives Ab
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to meet the expenses during communi
Page 44 and 45:
Chirata is an important medicinal p
Page 46 and 47:
From 2003-04 until 2004-05, revenue
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Payment for Environmental Services
Page 50 and 51:
The auction yard for pipla at Gelep
Page 52 and 53:
Recommendations Pipla collection is
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whose incomes are at the lower end.
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Figure I.3. Net income per distilla
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domestic demand of traditional medi
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auction chirata. However, due to In
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Product improvement • Improvement
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Policy and Planning Division (PPD).
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• reforestation and protection of
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Sector Development Plan 2001-2010,
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Forest Policy The RGC endeavors to
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eserved forests and ensure their ap
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It is generally accepted that the e
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contributions to rural livelihoods,
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Case Study 1: Community forest in P
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she can buy a total of two to three
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Members of the Trapang Kbal Khmoach
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Capacity building for CF members Ed
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After the integration of the Khmer
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Livelihood situation after concessi
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for institutional reforms. Based on
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Meta, B. C. (2010). Community-based
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Table III.1. Summary of past NFI re
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During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan p
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nationwide to contract the collecti
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alleviating rural poverty. Collecti
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areas. All these create pressure on
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Table III.5. List of economic fores
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stations, and others. In addition,
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farmers to increase to over US$ 310
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year and his national special care
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enough capital to invest, leading t
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Introduction IV Assessment of the C
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value of forests reflected in the S
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Poverty Alleviation and Forestry in
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Reduction Strategy papers. Furtherm
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Figure IV.1. Coincidence of forests
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Fodder from the forest provided abo
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landless and marginal landholding h
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70% was exported. It is estimated t
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Table IV.5. Registered projects und
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Case Studies Case Study 1: A Tradit
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our land.” All agree that forests
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The forest around the village was d
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Figure IV.2. Value chain analysis W
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A popular tourist attraction in Ker
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Innovative mechanism for resource g
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Outlook for Forestry and Poverty Al
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Wood demand. Trees from non-forest
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their livelihoods. Resolution of po
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Forest Survey of India. (1999). Sta
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Saxena. (1999). NTFP policy and the
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a resolution to control seasonal fi
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(MoF 2009). A study by the TREES Pr
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is caused by (i) lack of recognitio
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that the development of the Kaliman
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plantations on community lands. How
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as the subsistence, livelihood and
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As of 2010, MoF was able to issue 2
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for HTI projects. The finding under
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do not follow these agreements or a
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Satyawati’s (1991) field research
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Morgan’s investigation (2011) of
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intercropping in at least 0.25-0.5
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Challenges and ways forward In the
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Challenges The target buyers of the
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end or scale down their operations.
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Increasing the Benefits from Large-
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Kayoi, M. et. al. (2006). Poverty a
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World Bank. (2006a). Sustaining eco
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in neighboring countries that incre
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Poverty Situation Despite the signi
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Subsistence Use of Forests and Allo
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allocated for communities to manage
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growth, increased per capita income
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of 311 villages (38%) preparing the
Page 204 and 205: Figure VI.1. Important household in
Page 206 and 207: Recently, Lao PDR was selected as o
Page 208 and 209: in this case study are based on the
Page 210 and 211: The contribution of NWFPs to the wh
Page 212 and 213: 4% A brief about Ban Xom Figure VI.
Page 214 and 215: Table VI.6. Villagers’ opinion on
Page 216 and 217: The purpose of the SEMFOP 1 was to
Page 218 and 219: In addition, rice production was re
Page 220 and 221: mostly to reducing rural poverty. I
Page 222 and 223: • Enhancingexistingmechanismsands
Page 224 and 225: 18, 2009. National Agriculture and
Page 226 and 227: (Table VII.2). Government-managed f
Page 228 and 229: to 2006. On the other hand, the hum
Page 230 and 231: The community based forest manageme
Page 232 and 233: for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
Page 234 and 235: grass and fodder production in both
Page 236 and 237: Timber market values vary according
Page 238 and 239: LF area forest Area coverage (ha) N
Page 240 and 241: as tree cover, biodiversity, NWFP,
Page 242 and 243: Operational management The operatio
Page 244 and 245: With regard to timber use, Jaspur C
Page 246 and 247: the primary forest products that co
Page 248 and 249: It is not surprising to note that t
Page 250 and 251: there is a greater chance of progra
Page 252 and 253: from poor and marginalized families
Page 256 and 257: RECOFTC & FAO. (2009). Is there fut
Page 258 and 259: Shearman et al. (2008) estimated th
Page 260 and 261: markets and basic services like hea
Page 262 and 263: Figure VIII.2. Land and poverty ind
Page 264 and 265: those in the rural areas, to mobili
Page 266 and 267: Past and Current Contribution of Fo
Page 268 and 269: Village industries Village industri
Page 270 and 271: Government continues to be the prim
Page 272 and 273: Carbon payments PNG does not have a
Page 274 and 275: annually and harvest and process an
Page 276 and 277: The project generally improved the
Page 278 and 279: and no follow-up was done to sustai
Page 280 and 281: Forestry being a renewable resource
Page 282 and 283: Melnick, D., McNeely,J., Navaro, Y.
Page 284 and 285: Table IX.1. Philippine forest cover
Page 286 and 287: Livelihood and poverty context in t
Page 288 and 289: and basic services like health and
Page 290 and 291: services and quality of human devel
Page 292 and 293: CBFM is still recognized as a major
Page 294 and 295: In many parts of the country, colle
Page 296 and 297: Small-scale Commercial Forestry Non
Page 298 and 299: Tree plantations from IFMA and smal
Page 300 and 301: CARAGA region in the Philippines is
Page 302 and 303: eduction in the log supply contract
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viable spheres of production for sm
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3. Ensure sustainability of raw mat
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Garcia, B. Jr. (2005, December 1).
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Table X.1. Forest area by region, 1
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With the country’s remarkable gai
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Table X.3. Government agencies invo
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Table X.5. Registration of the poor
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poor. What reshaping meant in pract
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Community title The solutions to pr
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for commercial uses up to 2009 were
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demarcated the boundary. At present
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was not degraded forest but that it
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to the livelihoods of rural people.
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• No tree cutting is allowed in t
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“I have never regretted all the f
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costs. The service providers were i
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1. safeguarding and restoring the n
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is, and their right to participate.
Page 340 and 341:
Linking Reforestation, Poverty Alle
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Office of National Economic and Soc
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mountain people (Ha 2009). Presentl
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However, while overall poverty leve
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one of the best forms of management
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26.2% of the total area of forest l
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Box XI.2. Factors constraining FLA
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average to reach US$ 700-800 millio
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River delta and Mekong River delta
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However, Tran (2009) pointed out th
Page 360 and 361:
The Contribution of Traditional Com
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Fuel wood collected from forests is
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The Contribution of Viet Nam Forest
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are provided both input and output
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the PES fund per year, compared to
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Viet Nam’s forestry development s
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Decree 99/2010/ND-CP on the policy
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Sustainable poverty reduction perio
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