the world of organic agriculture - Organic Eprints

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15 Organic Farming in Europe The Bioacademy is annually held in Lednice in the Czech Republic. The exchange of information and contacts have become a major purpose of this conference, and ministers, politicians, representatives of government administration, associations and research institutes participate at this event. Photograph: Pro-Bio The current reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the European Union will change the way the EU supports its farm sector. The new Council Regulation on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) for the programming period 2007 – 2013 was agreed upon in June 2005 5 , and rural development policy will be strengthened. This new proposal was commented upon by a group of scientists (Haering et al. 2005a). Their overall conclusion is that the new Rural Development Program represents a more stringent and consistent program than its predecessor and that the Commission’s attempt to structure rural development programs around key objectives, in the form of “priority axes” can be broadly welcomed. The authors find, however, that reference to organic farming is insufficient, and that the link to the European Action Plan for Organic Food and Farming is not strong enough. The scientists therefore recommend that the organic sector should actively develop strategies to achieve specific mention of organic farming in the national implementation of the Rural Development Programs, and propose measures for support of organic farming by linking regional and national organic Action Plans to the national and regional rural development strategies. Another study published in 2005 as part of the EU project “Further development of Organic Farming Policy in Europe, with Particular Emphasis on EU Enlargement” (EU CEEOFP) 6 summarizes the results of several national workshops with stakeholders of the organic sector. At these workshops a number of recommendations were made (Zerger et al. 2005). Suggestions include: • Change the tax system to tax polluting inputs, to reduce or exempt taxes for consumers of organic products and organic producers, and to tax GMO-products. • Support communication with consumers with e.g. public information and promotion campaigns, addressing environmental issues; health, wellness and food quality. • Improve the inspection and certification system through e.g.: simplification and harmonization. • Improve standards and the organic farming regulation to develop a manual including the updated regulation with clear interpretations and examples for farmers, 5 Council Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005 of 20 September 2005 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD); Available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/agriculture/rur/index_en.htm 6 Further development of Organic Farming Policy in Europe, with Particular Emphasis on EU Enlargement” (EU CEE- OFP), Internet http://www.irs.aber.ac.uk/EUCEEOFP/ 133
134 The World of Organic Agriculture 2006 processors and inspectors. • Support capacity building through technical education and training for advisors. • Enhance networking through the development of a national organic farming committee or an organic umbrella organization. • Support organic farming research through sufficiently high budgets. Topics to be addressed were benefits of organic farming, quality and processing, plants/ animals and nature/ environment. • Define a strict sets of rules on GMO and on coexistence, strict liability rules, designation of GMO-free zones, and ban on GMO. In order to address these issues, it was proposed that the EU regulation should define the same zero-point thresholds in all European countries at a low level. • Support organic market development through the support of local initiatives (local markets, on-farm-selling etc) and change the legislation on public procurement giving priority to organic products. 15.1.3 Research Organic farming research is organized differently in the European countries. Until the 1980s it was mainly carried out by private research institutes, which have been the driving force for the development of organic farming research since the 1920s. In the 1980s the first universities took organic farming on their curricula, in the 1990s the first EU-funded projects on organic farming contributed to a better collaboration of researchers on organic farming on a European level, and the first state research institutes became active. Today organic farming research is substantially funded under national research programs or national organic action plans as well as in European projects7 . A good overview of the current situation is given in a recent report from the European Commission (Slabe 2004). A major initiative to improve information exchange among those interested in organic farming research is the international database Organic Eprints (www.orgprints.org) 8 . Organic Eprints is an internet-based archive for papers related to research in organic agriculture. The database has now more than 2000 entries. It was set up by the Danish Research Center for Organic Farming, and it is part of a project under the German Federal Organic Farming Scheme, and all scientific reports released under that scheme are archived. The European ERA-net Project CORE Organic (Co-ordination of European Transnational Research in Organic Food and Farming) 9 is a threeyear Co-ordination Action in organic food and farming (2004 to 2007). The overall objective is to gather the critical mass and enhance quality, relevance and utilization of resources in European research in organic food and farming. In order to document the current status of organic farming research in Europe the Organic Eprints database is used. The final goal of the project is to establish a joint European research program. Currently a European Organic Research Portal is built as part of the project, and it should be online by spring 2006. 7 For a list of projects funded by the European Commission see http://www.organic-europe.net/europe_eu/research-euprojects.asp 8 Organic Eprints (www.orgprints.org) 9 CORE Organic (Co-ordination of European Transnational Research in Organic Food and Farming); Internet www. coreorganic.org
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19 Achievements made and challenges
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Appendix Moldova, Portugal, Sloveni
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