the world of organic agriculture - Organic Eprints

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19 Achievements made and challenges ahead Angela B. Caudle 1 and Gabriele Holtmann 2 Since long it is recognized that humankind has overstretched the elasticity of global ecological systems. There is still a lack of knowledge about and thus a continuing deterioration of the ecosystem on which we depend. We are confronted with perpetuation of disparities between and within nations. We see worsening of poverty, hunger and illness. At the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, world leaders recognized these concerns and pledged to give greater attention to them. The results of the strong action coming out the 1992 Earth Summit should lead to the fulfillment of basic needs and improve living standards for all. Ecosystems should be protected and managed better. The future should become safer and more prosperous. It is evident that no nation can achieve this alone. Due to this, several programs have arisen to help motivate change and to work on the obvious deficits. Examples of these programs are the Agenda 21, the Millennium Development Goals, the European Program 2005-2008 and the Countdown 2010. Achievements The organic agriculture movement (meaning people/organizations involved in organic agriculture) is aware of the worldwide problems and is trying to find solutions to the problems that inspired the goals. The basic ideas of organic farming have evolved from different sources but all these sources had and have one central idea in common: Organic Agriculture is a holistic system and relies largely on locally available resources. It is dependent upon maintaining ecological balance and developing biological processes to their optimum. Since the BioFach/Oekowelt GmbH commissioned Foundation Ecology & Agriculture SOEL to compile statistical data and general information on organic agriculture in 1999, it is visible how much the organic sector is constantly growing. For three years there has been growth of over two million of organically managed hectares per year. Twenty-two million hectares were recorded in the year 2003. Last year 26 million hectares were recognized, and in 2005 the area grew to more than 30 million hectares. Organic agriculture is practiced now in almost all countries of the world. Today organic agriculture is no longer a niche. Organic products have finally broken out and entered the massive mainstream markets. Organic products are now commonly available. Nearly every bigger supermarket consistently offers a smaller or wider product range. Cosmetics, clothes, wine, tropical fruits, up to frozen food can be bought. Every item of consumption can be found as a product linked to organic standards. The complexity and sophistication of organic has gone a long way from its original basic beginning. 1 Angela B. Caudle, Executive Director, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements IFOAM, Head Office, Charles-de-Gaulle-Str. 5, 53113 Bonn, Germany, Internet http://www.ifoam.org 2 Gabriele Holtmann, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements IFOAM, Head OfficeCharles-de- Gaulle-Str. 5, 53113 Bonn, Germany, Internet http://www.ifoam.org 205
206 Statistics and Emerging Trends 2006 The rapid growth in the organic sector of agriculture comes with challenges for the organic movement. That constant growth is raising concerns in regard to the basic values, which have always been part of organic agriculture. There is reluctance when it comes to the growing involvement of the global industry, the international globalization and market expenditures in organics. Through all of this, the organic movement grew with this complexity and was able to react in different kinds of ways. International recognition Confronted with the degradation of the environment and the growing societal problems and with the necessity to solve the problems in whole regions, governments and international institutions have started to recognize the value of organic production as a solution. Organic agriculture is now on the agenda of major institutions. FAO, IFAD, UNCTAD and UNESCO are working with the scientific, technical and practical solutions that organic agriculture offers. Principles of Organic Agriculture: Already three years ago the organic agriculture movement asked to review the basic values, the principles regarding organic agriculture. The revised and in 2005 approved IFOAM Principles of Organic Agriculture consist of four principles upon which organic agriculture is based: The principle of health, the principle of ecology, the principal of fairness and the principle of care. These principles are universal but can be applied regionally and are as such presenting a coherent identity in the entire organic world. With the principles the organic movement is lead and united. Growing involvement of the organic industry: Worldwide there is growing attention in regard to globalization of organic agriculture and the influence of multinational companies. In the year 2005 our focus was drawn to the Case of the Neem Tree. Neem patents are resulting in major financial gains for a few multinational companies. The Neem Tree case is a landmark victory against agribusiness interest that is trying to encroach on and use for profit the accumulated knowledge of traditional farming communities. In a landmark decision, the European Patent Office upheld a decision to revoke in its entirety a patent on a fungicidal product derived from seeds of the Neem. Harmonization of standards: Already in the 1990’s with the view to help streamline organic trade, the IFOAM Organic Guarantee System (OGS) was created as a platform to achieve this. It was developed with the knowledge of and the view towards the rapid growth of all organic sectors including the number of certifiers. In the last two years, the OGS has been under review. Since 2005, it has been made possible to support the concept of regional variation in organic standards, while at the same time facilitating international harmonization of regional standards. The present situation regarding varying standards in organic agriculture with accompanying certification systems causes problems for different players in the organic market. Harmonization of standards and certification could
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All of the statements, results etc.
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16 Organic Farming in Latin America
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1 Foreword We herewith present the
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10 Certification and Accreditation
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11 The Contribution of Organic Farm
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16 Organic Farming in Latin America
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