the world of organic agriculture - Organic Eprints

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3 Contacts and Data Sources In the future, following the completion of the free trade zone and the expansion of the local market, this regulatory gap may become a stumbling block. Many efforts are being undertaken to improve local markets (El Araby, 2004). In Israel (Eshel and Rilov, 2004), the total organic sector is worth 180 million USD 5 , 30 percent of which are marketed locally, whereas the remainder is exported. There are 17 authorized organic shops, 50 points of sale in supermarkets and also a few hundred health food shops that sell organic products. There are 12 companies dealing with organic export. The total volume of organic export is around 35 million USD 6 per year (2003) of fresh products. The local market covers around 10 million USD 7 . In Lebanon (Khoury, 2004), export is being done by BioCoop and by local businessmen mainly to the Gulf area. The value of the Lebanese production of fresh organic produce (vegetables and fruits) for the year 2003 is estimated around 875’000 USD 8 .There are 23 between Health shops, hypermarkets and restaurants. No data are available yet on organic produce in terms of quantity or value on Import/Export. In Malta (Calleja, 2004), about half of the organic producers sell their products at the farmers’ market. The other half sell them door to door or directly to a store or shop. Exportation is as yet non-existent. Data on domestic consumption is still not available, both for local and imported organic products. Imported organic products are available at supermarkets. The main countries of import are Italy, the UK and Germany. In the absence of local market and national labeling systems, organic food produced in Morocco is oriented primarily towards exports (Kenny, 2004). Vegetables (especially tomatoes and cucumbers) and citrus account for 95 percent of the goods that are exported to France, the UK and Germany. For fruits and vegetables, 20 to 30 percent of the national production is excluded from export and is sold in local markets as conventional products. There is, however, an exception for this regarding argan oil 9 , which is sold as organic even in local markets. Fruits, vegetables and other horticultural commodities are exported exclusively to the European markets while essential and argan oils are exported to Europe and northern American markets (Canada and USA). In Tunisia (Ben Kheder, 2004), most of the production is directed to the export market and sold as typical Tunisian products. The main products are: olive oil and dates. The production of other crops is still low and is marketed mainly in the local market, but no real local market for organic products does exist as yet. A strategy is being prepared to encourage local consumption and marketing of organic products. Recently, some companies started to export organic products. 5 180 million USD = 148.1 million EUR (per 31.12.2005) 6 35 million USD = 28.8 million EUR (per 31.12.2005) 7 10 million USD = 8.2 million EUR (per 31.12.2005) 8 875’000 USD = 739’051 5 EUR (per 31.12.2005) 9 Argan oil comes from the nuts of the Argan tree (Argania spinosa).This tree grows only in the South Western part of Morocco in an area covering 700’000-800’000 hectares (Source: http://www.dietobio.com/aliments/en/argan.html) 179
180 Statistics and Emerging Trends 2006 Turkey is one of the few countries in the world that has exceeded the food self-sufficiency threshold and is a leading exporter of agricultural products (Aksoy and Can, 2004). The bulk of the domestic production is exported to the European Union (80 percent), especially to Germany (60 percent), and to the USA (15 percent). The Undersecretary for Foreign Trade 10 , the Aegean Exporters Union 11 and the Export Promotion Center 12 deal with the exportation of organic and conventional products. All the companies involved in the production and marketing of organic goods are Turkish. The domestic market started to operate in 1999, mostly in the main towns. Marketing is generally confined to healthy food shops and supermarkets. Currently, more organic products are being displayed on shelves of supermarket chains A few companies started to prepare fresh fruit and vegetables for the domestic market. All the stakeholders including the Ministry of Agriculture accept the development of the domestic market as a priority. Organic foods of animal origin were expected to reach the shelves in 2005. In the Eastern Adriatic countries most of production is sold locally. 17.4 Standards and Legislation The legal framework differs from one country to another. Until the year 2003, very few countries had a national legislation (Croatia, Cyprus, Slovenia, Tunisia and Turkey), but since the situation has improved considerably. Even though many years have passed since the beginning of the organic movement in Egypt, Israel and Morocco, these countries have not yet developed a national legislation. Only very recently, a draft regulation in Morocco has been prepared which is still waiting for the final approval. In Israel, a law was newly accepted. An opposite situation is found in Albania, Malta and Lebanon where organic agriculture is almost new, but national regulations have been already approved. Certification in all southern and eastern Mediterranean countries (SEMC) is done mainly by foreign organizations (except Israel where all are local). Some local certification bodies are operating in Albania, Turkey, Egypt and Malta and very newly in Lebanon. 10 Turkish Undersecretary for Foreign Trade www.dtm.gov.tr 11 Aegean Exporters Union www.egebirlik.org 12 Export Promotion Centre www.igeme.org.tr
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All of the statements, results etc.
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16 Organic Farming in Latin America
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8 Overview of the Global Market for
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9 Standards and Regulations In 2002
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10 Certification and Accreditation
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11 The Contribution of Organic Farm
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12.1 Introduction There are two lev
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12 Organic Farming in Africa 12.3 M
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Page 188 and 189: 3 Contacts and Data Sources health
Page 190 and 191: 18 Organic farming in North America
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Page 212 and 213: Appendix Moldova, Portugal, Sloveni
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