Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 136 planning processes or operations. OPSEC does not replace other security disciplines - it supplements them. Passive Defense—Measures taken to reduce the probability of and to minimize the effects of damage caused by hostile action without the intention of taking the initiative. Perimeter Security—Security elements that form the first line of defense for a site or installation. Elements include standoff, physical barriers, access control, entry control points, security lighting, hardened fighting positions and overwatch towers, intrusion detection and surveillance systems, and security forces. Physical Security—That part of security concerned with physical measures designed to safeguard personnel; to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, material, and documents; and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage, and theft. Predetonation Screen—A structure designed to protect a critical asset by causing a weapon to detonate prior to hitting the primary target, causing its effect to dissipate in the distance between the screen and the target. Revetment—A raised structure that provides a level of protection against splinters, shrapnel, and/or projectiles from bombs, rockets, grenades, small arms fire, or other weapons effects. Risk Management—The process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risks arising from operational factors and making decisions that balance risk cost with mission benefits. Standoff Distance—A distance maintained between a building or portion thereof and the potential location for an explosive detonation. Temporary Structures—Structures erected with an expected occupancy of three years or less. Typically includes wood-frame and rigid-wall construction and such things as Southeast Asia (SEA) Huts, hardback tents, ISO and CONEX containers, pre-engineered buildings, trailers, stress tensioned shelters, Expandable Shelter Containers (ESC), and Aircraft Hangars (ACH).
AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 137 Terrorism—The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear. It is intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological. Terrorist—An individual who uses violence, terror, and intimidation to achieve a result. Terrorism Threat Analysis—In antiterrorism, threat analysis is a continual process of compiling and examining all available information concerning potential terrorist activists by groups that could target a facility. A threat analysis will review factors of the presence of a terrorist group, operational capability, activity, intentions, and operating environment. Threat Assessment—The process used to conduct a threat analysis and develop an evaluation of a potential terrorist threat and the product of a threat analysis for a particular unit, installation, or activity. Terrorist Threat Level—A scale used by DOD intelligence agencies to describe the severity of terrorist threats. The terrorist threat level is established by DIA and geographical combatant commanders and only applies to those threats to DOD interests. Unified Facilities Criteria—The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DOD Field Activities in accordance with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all DOD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. UFCs are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made available to users as part of the Services' responsibility for providing technical criteria for military construction. Headquarters US Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system.
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