Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 138 Vulnerability—In AT, a vulnerability is a situation or circumstance, which, if left unchanged, may result in the loss of life or damage to mission essential resources. Vulnerability Assessment—A DOD, command, or unit-level evaluation conducted to determine how vulnerable installations, units, exercises, ports, ships, residences, facilities, or other sites are to terrorist attacks. Identifies areas of improvement needed to withstand, mitigate, or deter such acts.
AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 139 Attachment 2 PROTECTIVE MATERIALS A2.1. Overview. When planning and designing fighting positions, shelters ,and other protective structures, it is important to know the characteristics of certain materials and how they might be affected by certain weapons. The following paragraphs describe materials that might be available and how these materials can be used effectively in the expeditionary environment. A2.2. Characteristics of Materials. Engineers should be aware that different types of materials offer different degrees of protection. For protective construction efforts, certain materials can be used for shielding or as structural components to hold shielding materials in place. A2.2.1. Soil. Soil can be an effective shield against direct fire, indirect fire, blast, or fragmentation effects. Dense soils offer more protection and resistance to penetration. Coarse-grained soils provide better protection than finegrained soils with the same density. Dry sandy soil provides better protection than silt, clay, and silty-clay soils. Saturated soils offer a less degree of resistance to penetrating projectiles, as illustrated in Figure A2.1. Wet clay is the most susceptible to ballistic penetration. Figure A2.1. Soil Resistance to Penetration.
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Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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