Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 16 1.3.3. Threat Assessment. This assessment is used to identify threats based on key factors such as the existence, capability, and intentions of potential hostile forces and terrorist groups. Group activities and the operational environment are also considered. Potential threats are categorized in various ways (e.g., terrorists, saboteurs, spies, extremists, criminals). Any weapons, tools, and explosives likely to be used in an attack upon DOD personnel or critical assets are also identified during the assessment. 1.3.4. Criticality Assessment. The criticality assessment is the process used to systematically identify key assets (e.g., personnel, equipment, stockpiles, buildings) deemed mission critical by commanders based on their importance to the mission or function. This assessment forms the basis for prioritizing assets requiring certain levels of protection. Commanders must consider all assets that need protection, all required protective measures, and all available resources (e.g., time, materials, personnel, equipment). 1.3.5. Vulnerability Assessment. The vulnerability assessment is an evaluation conducted to determine if key assets are provided appropriate levels of protection. Protection levels are based on minimum standards where no specific threat has been identified or on higher levels of protection where a specific threat has been identified. This assessment analyzes the threat, likely tactics, and key targets that may be vulnerable to attack. 1.3.6. Risk Assessment. Risk assessments help commanders make decisions on the most effective ways to allocate limited resources needed to protect personnel and critical assets. The assessment is based upon the results of the threat, criticality, and vulnerability assessments. Based on these assessments, the commander commits resources to achieve certain levels of protection for personnel and mission-critical assets. With limited resources, all assets cannot be afforded equal levels of protection. Risk Management provides the commander with the best information available to make resource allocation decisions. If plans do not incorporate these assessments, they will likely be too reactive and cause limited resources to be misdirected or wasted. For additional information on the assessments used in determining levels of protection, refer to AFH 10-222, Volume 3, Civil Engineer Guide to Expeditionary Force Protection.
AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 17 1.3.7. Resources. Planners must identify resources needed to implement security measures throughout all stages of deployments. A limited amount of resources usually drives the need to apply risk management to ensure the most critical assets are adequately protected. The following paragraphs cover the areas planners must consider. 1.3.7.1. Funding. Funding for FP resources must be given the highest priority. Although civil engineers may not be directly involved with funding decisions at the highest levels, it is important to know that the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has access to a special fund, known as the Combating Terrorism Readiness Initiative Fund (CbTRIF). The CbTRIF is a jointservices fund designed to fund projects for emergent or high-priority force protection equipment or construction. These funds can be used to procure physical security equipment to reduce vulnerabilities. Requests for funding through this process must be for unanticipated requirements where the urgency for funding cannot be met through the normal Service funding process. However funds are obtained, ensure all FP requirements are clearly identified and address the exact purpose for which the requirements are needed, including vulnerabilities that commanders must addressed (unless classified). 1.3.7.2. Materials and Equipment. Class IV materials (i.e., construction and barrier materials) are available through many sources, including the Defense Logistics Agency’s Defense Supply Centers at https://www.dla.mil. Planners should become familiar with these sources and the different types of construction materials that can be acquired. If construction materials and other equipment resources (e.g., earth-moving and material handling equipment) are not readily available in the deployed area, these items may need to be purchased and brought forward to establish some level of protection during initial beddown. Planners must also be aware that locally available materials and equipment may be of inferior quality, making it difficult to implement effective FP measures. When planning for materials and equipment, consider the possibility of increased threats that may require additional resources. Also, consider the possibility of pre-positioning FP resources at or near the site as war reserve materiel; this will provide the capability to quickly implement physical security measures in conjunction with initial beddown.
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