Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 18 1.3.8. Training. Every effort must be made to ensure civil engineers are sufficiently trained on physical security TTPs prior to deploying. Hands-on training is needed to ensure deploying personnel are proficient in constructing critical structures such as guard towers, berms, ditches and protective shelters. There are several training venues available to assist civil engineers prior to expeditionary deployments. 1.3.8.1. US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Protective Design Center (PDC). The USACE PDC offers several training courses on security engineering and protective design. These courses are in-resident and range from two to eight days. Some courses cover the different software programs used to estimate blast effects. For example, the Blast Effects Estimation Model (BEEM) is an assessment tool used to estimate facility damage and personnel injuries resulting from an attack. The BlastX software performs calculations of shock wave effects. Keep in mind, engineers using this software must be extremely familiar with the different programs and their application to avoid miscalculating or misinterpreting specific outputs. Mobile Training Teams (MTTs) can also be scheduled to conduct security engineering courses at a unit’s home station. However, the unit must pay all expenses related to bringing MTTs to their location. The PDC also has an on-line open forum that allows members to post questions and receive information from engineers who are experts in a variety of areas. For additional information, go to the PDC website at https://pdc.usace.army.mil. 1.3.8.2. Theater Construction Management System (TCMS). TCMS is a PC-based automated construction planning, design, management, and reporting system that is used by military engineers for contingency construction activities. Its primary purpose is to support OCONUS (outside the Continental United States) requirements. It combines state-of-the-art computer hardware and software with Army Facilities Component System (AFCS) design information to support and enhance the accomplishment of engineer mission activities in the theater of operation or other mission arenas. A wealth of information, including drawings and specifications for expeditionary structures, such a guard towers, revetments, and various obstacles, can be retrieved through TCMS at http://www.tcms.net.
AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 19 1.4. Protective Construction. Protective construction refers to the design, construction, and layout of facilities to support an integrated and in-depth plan to protect personnel and critical assets from enemy attack. From a civil engineer perspective, these efforts should be focused on activities related to survivability. The mission cannot be successfully accomplished if the force is devastated by enemy attacks. Survivability, defined in JP 3-34, Engineer Doctrine for Joint Operations, involves a concept aimed at protecting all aspects of a military operation (e.g., personnel, weapons, supplies) while simultaneously maintaining the capability to deceive the enemy. Survivability tactics include building a strong defense; employing frequent movement tactics; using camouflage, concealment, and deception (CCD); and constructing fighting and protective positions for personnel and equipment (Figure 1.3). In addition to guidance provided in this handbook, several publications (classified FOUO) provide detailed guidance to ensure appropriate levels of protection are provided for key assets based on specific locations and threats. These documents, sometimes referred to as the security engineering series of UFCs, are listed in Table 1.2. In addition to UFCs, planners should be familiar with the latest TTPs outlined in the Joint Contingency Operations Base (JCOB) Force Protection Handbook and the Joint Forward Operations Base (JFOB) Force Protection Handbook. These documents can be downloaded from the Joint Staff Antiterrorism Portal (ATEP) website at https://atep.dtic.mil. Figure 1.3. Protective Shelter Construction.
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