Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 40 2.5.2.3. Parapets. Construct parapets approximately one-helmet distance from the edge of the excavation. Start with the front parapet, and then construct the flank and rear parapets. 2.5.2.4. Outlining the Fighting Position. Outline the position on the ground using a tree limb or anything available. A two-person deliberate fighting position is usually rectangular in shape. The length of the deliberate two-person fighting position is approximately two M-16s long. The width is about the length of two helmets. Scoop out elbow holes to help stabilize the weapon when firing. 2.5.2.5. Digging. Dig the position armpit deep, throwing the dirt forward to the front parapet, then towards the flank and rear parapets. Pack the dirt down hard. Remove any fresh dirt away from the position so it does not indicate recent excavation activity. 2.5.2.6. Grenade Sumps. Grenade sumps are constructed at each end of the two-person deliberate fighting position (Figure 2.13). This allows the blast to go straight up while occupants move to the opposite end of the position. The floor should be sloped towards the grenade sumps on each end to make it easier to kick the grenade into the sump. Figure 2.13. Grenade Sumps – Two-Person Deliberate Fighting Position.
AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 41 2.5.2.7. Additional Considerations. Conduct field soil sampling and determine if revetments or some type of reinforcement is needed. Procedures for conducting soil sampling in the field can be found in Attachment 3. Also, determine if trenches must be constructed to provide additional cover from direct fire. To construct trenches and revetments, follow the same procedures described for one-person deliberate fighting positions. 2.5.2.8. Overhead Cover. Employ the same techniques used to construct overhead cover for the one-person fighting position. Avoid digging grenade sumps under overhead cover, especially if overhead cover is constructed across the middle of the structure. The blast could not only reflect off the cover, but it could also collapse the structure. 2.5.2.9. Camouflage and Concealment. Employ the same camouflage and concealment techniques as those for one-person deliberate fighting positions. 2.5.2.10. Modified Two-Person Deliberate Fighting Position. When fighting positions are designated to provide cover for adjacent fighting positions or to cover dead space in close terrain, rectangular-shaped fighting positions can be modified to provide a wider sector of fire by extending one or both ends of the fighting position at an angle of about 45 degrees. Figure 2.14 and Figure 2.15 illustrate how two-person deliberate fighting positions can be constructed with a rectangular shape for typical sectors of fire and modified (curved) to provide a larger area of coverage. Curving the hole around the frontal cover may be necessary in close terrain for better observation and firing to the front and to the next flank position. A curved fighting position allows one person to maintain watch to the front while the other person rests or eats. It also enables occupants to observe and fire to the front when not being fired at, and to move back behind the frontal cover under heavy fire.
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Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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