Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 48 2.5.7. Aboveground Fighting Positions. Effective aboveground fighting positions can be constructed using earth-filled wire mesh containers. Some container units are made from a steel mesh framework lined with non-woven geotextile material. Their advantage over other forms of protective works includes their lightweight characteristics. They can be transported in a compressed, “accordion” style, then expanded on-site and filled with locally available material (Figure 2.23) such as rocks, rubble, sand, gravel, or soil. This is extremely important from a logistical standpoint. The following paragraphs describe how these units can be used to construct a small aboveground fighting position. These types of containers can also be used to construct other types of protective structures, bunkers, and revetments. Bunker construction is covered in Chapter 3, and revetment construction is covered in Chapter 5. For details on constructing different types of structures using wire mesh container units, refer to the manufacturer’s instructions, the JFOB Force Protection Handbook or the JCOB Force Protection Handbook. In addition, detailed construction drawings and instructions on building a variety of protective structures using earth-filled protective barrier can be downloaded from TCMS. During planning, civil engineer planners should gain access to this site and download the construction schematics and instructions needed to implement effective FP measures immediately upon arrival. Figure 2.23. Wire Mesh Containers Being Expanded and Filled On-Site.
AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 49 2.5.7.1. Site Selection and Preparation. Site selection and preparation are critical to the performance of structures built using wire mesh containers. Soil conditions and drainage patterns must be considered when siting these structures. Factors that influence deterioration of near-surface materials are elevated moisture levels, soil erosion, freeze/thaw cycles, decay of organic matter, and compression of weak soils. Wire mesh container structures transmit their loads through the “fill walls” into the foundation below. The foundation needs to be stable enough to absorb these loads. The site should be flat and level with sufficient strength and stability to support the structure for the amount of time it is needed. If a structure cannot be sited on an improved surface such as concrete, asphalt, or stabilized soil, the area should be graded to remove excess materials and loose surface soils to provide a smooth and level surface to prevent the structure from settling and shifting over time. To improve the surface area, dig a trench, approximately 20 inches beneath each wall of the structure (Figure 2.24). The width of the trench should extend 20 inches beyond the edge of each wall. Line the trench with a geotextile cloth (minimum weight 200 g/m2) and backfill it with a well compacted layer of coarse graded fill material or crushed rock. Test the foundation for strength and stability before starting any type of construction. Figure 2.24. Improved Foundation.
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Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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