Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 2 SUMMARY OF CHANGES This publication has been substantially revised and must be completely reviewed. This revision removes obsolete force protection measures and incorporates the latest tactics, techniques, and procedures used by civil engineers to implement physical security measures in the expeditionary environment. Preface. ...…………………………………………………………………..10 Chapter 1—INTRODUCTION. .................................................................11 1.1. Overview. ............................................................................... 11 Figure 1.1. Historic Earthworks. …………...................................................11 1.2. The Threat. ............................................................................. 12 Table 1.1. Typical Weapons and Their Effects. .......................................... 12 Figure 1.2. Pressure-Time Curve. ............................................................... 13 1.3. Planning. ................................................................................ 15 1.4. Protective Construction. ......................................................... 19 Figure 1.3. Protective Shelter Construction. ............................................... 19 Table 1.2. Security Engineering Series of Unified Facilities Criteria. ..........20 Chapter 2—FIGHTING POSITIONS. ..........………………....................21 2.1. Overview. ............................................................................... 21 2.2. Safety. .................................................................................... 21 2.3. Materials. . .............................................................................. 21 Table 2.1. Checklist – Basic Criteria for Fighting Positions. ...................... 22 2.4. Hasty Fighting Positions. . ...................................................... 23 Figure 2.1. Hasty Fighting Position. ............................................................ 24 2.5. Deliberate Fighting Positions. ................................................ 24 Figure 2.2. One-Person Deliberate Fighting Position. ................................. 25
AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 3 Figure 2.3. Outlining One-Person Fighting Position. .................................. 26 Figure 2.4. Grenade Sump – One-Person Fighting Position. .. .................... 27 Figure 2.5. Fighting Position Revetment. ......................................................28 Figure 2.6. Reinforced Trenches. ................................................................ 30 Figure 2.7. Ground Shock Intercept Trenches. ............................................ 30 Table 2.2. Checklist – Fighting Position Revetments and Trenches. . ......... 31 Table 2.3. Timber and Processed Lumber Comparison. ............................. 33 Figure 2.8. Placement of Roof Support Logs. ............................................. 33 Table 2.4. Center-to-Center Spacing for Wood Stringers and Soil Cover to Defeat Contact Bursts. ................................................................................ 34 Figure 2.9. Illustration of Unsupported Span and On-Center Spacing. ....... 35 Figure 2.10. Dustproof Layer. ..................................................................... 35 Figure 2.11. Completed Fighting Position – Side View. ............................. 36 Table 2.5. Checklist – Fighting Position Overhead Cover. . ........................ 37 Figure 2.12. Two-Person Deliberate Fighting Position. .............................. 39 Figure 2.13. Grenade Sumps – Two-Person Deliberate Fighting Position. ..40 Figure 2.14. Typical Sectors of Fire. ........................................................... 42 Figure 2.15. Curved Two-Person Deliberate Fighting Position. ...................42 Figure 2.16. Basic Machine Gun Fighting Position. ................................... 43 Figure 2.17. Top View – Three-Person Machine Gun Fighting Position. ... 44 Figure 2.18. Rear View – Three-Person Machine Gun Fighting Position. .. 44 Figure 2.19. L-Shaped Machine Gun Fighting Position. ............................. 45 Figure 2.20. Horseshoe-Shaped Machine Gun Fighting Position. .............. 45 Figure 2.21. Mortar Position. ...................................................................... 46
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