Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 90 4.5.3. Predetonation Screens. Predetonation screens are used to detonate antitank weapons and dissipate the effects between the area where the screen is constructed and the weapons’ primary target (Figure 4.17). The screen can be constructed of wood, solid fencing material, etc. It is usually constructed between 10 to 40 feet from the structures it is intended to protect. For additional information on constructing and siting predetonation screens, refer to UFC 4-020-03FA. A predetonation screen may have several effects. Hopefully, it will damage the fuze on the weapon, causing it to dud. The structure being protected must still be capable of defeating the kinetic energy of the fired round. The primary purpose is to detonate an antitank rocket when it strikes the screen. In this case, the combination of standoff distance and the construction of the protected facility must defeat the gas jet from the shaped charge. Antitank rounds emit a concentrated stream of molten metal upon detonation (known as shaped charge) capable of penetrating several inches of steel. The predetonation screen must cause the round to detonate far enough from the asset to mitigate the damage from the molten material and spent rocket engine. Figure 4.17. Predetonation Screening.
AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 91 4.5.4. Concrete Barriers. With the exception of the Jersey barrier, most concrete barriers currently being used throughout Southwest Asia are from 8 to 12 feet tall, 4 to 6 feet wide, weigh between 10,000 and 20,000 pounds, and are usually reinforced with steel (Figure 4.18). Tall concrete barriers, such as the Texas barrier and Alaska barrier, are being used for various reasons, including protection from the effects of blast and fragmentation. The effectiveness of these barriers depends on their thickness, height, and distance from the asset being protected. If a barrier breaks apart as a result of a detonation, the debris generated from the barrier itself becomes secondary fragmentation and can be quite lethal, offsetting efforts to reduce the effects of fragmentation. When planning to deploy these types of barriers throughout the site, the civil engineer planner must consider the heavy equipment (e.g., cranes, flatbed trailers) that will be needed to transport and maneuver these structures into place. Once barriers are in place, earth-filled containers or soil berms can be used to reinforce them to prevent secondary fragmentation in the event the barrier breaks apart from the force of a detonation. Detail drawings of all types of concrete barriers can be downloaded from the AFCESA AT/FP Installation Engineering Community of Practice at: https://wwwd.my.af.mil/afknprod/ASPs/CoP/OpenCoP.asp?Filter=OO-EN- CE-A7. Figure 4.18. Concrete Barriers.
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