Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 20 Table 1.2. Security Engineering Series of Unified Facilities Criteria. Publication # Publication Title UFC 4-010-01 DOD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings UFC 4-010-02 DOD Minimum Antiterrorism Standoff Distances for Buildings UFC 4-020-01FA DOD Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual UFC 4-020-02FA DOD Security Engineering Facilities Design Manual UFC 4-020-03FA Security Engineering: Final Design UFC 4-021-01 Design and O&M: Mass Notification Systems UFC 4-021-02 Security Engineering: Electronic Security Systems UFC 4-022-01 Entry Control Facilities/Access Control Points UFC 4-022-02 Design and Selection of Vehicle Barriers UFC 4-022-03/ Design of Security Fencing, Gates, Barriers, and MIL-HDBK-1013/10 Guard Facilities UFC 4-023-03 Design of Buildings to Resist Progressive Collapse UFC 4-023-04 Design of Windows to Resist Blast, Ballistics, and Forced Entry UFC 4-023-07 Design to Resist Direct Fire Weapons Effects UFC 4-026-01 Design to Resist Forced Entry UFC 4-027-01 Design of Deployed Operational Bases to Mitigate Terrorist Attacks
AFH 10-222 Volume 14 1 August 2008 21 Chapter 2 FIGHTING POSITIONS 2.1. Overview. Fighting positions are fortified structures used for protection against hostile fire. They can also be used as central points from which to direct fire at offensive forces and provide overlapping fields of fire with adjacent fighting positions. The positions are constructed either hastily or deliberately, depending on the availability of time, materials, and the threat. Ideally, they should be sited to take advantage of natural terrain that conceals them and obscures direct lines of sight while providing a means to direct fire towards the enemy. Overhead cover is constructed when time is not a factor. The most important point to remember when constructing a fighting position is to make sure it cannot be detected. Do not site these positions where the enemy expects to find them. Once detected, the “element of surprise” will be lost. Camouflage should be applied to these positions to further complicate the enemy’s ability to detect them. All of these tactics provide security forces with the capability needed to decisively eliminate attempts to penetrate camp boundaries or launch attacks upon military installations. 2.2. Safety. Safety is paramount to constructing fighting positions. Personnel have been killed and injured as a result of improperly constructed fighting positions. FM 5-34, Engineer Field Data, FM 5-103, Survivability, and Government Training Aid (GTA) 05-08-001, Survivability Positions, contain guidance for proper construction. Supervisors must ensure their personnel are trained on these procedures and should always supervise the actual construction. Once constructed, these positions must be inspected frequently, especially after the area experiences heavy rainfall and immediately after an attack. Table 2.1 contains basic criteria for constructing fighting positions. 2.3. Materials. During contingencies, engineers use whatever materials are available to construct and fortify fighting positions. Attachment 2 lists protective characteristics of some materials that can be used for these efforts along with information that can be used to determine the required thickness of materials needed to mitigate the effects of various types of weapons.
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Civil engineer guide to fighting positions, shelters, obstacles

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