Guide to LaTeX (4th Edition) (Tools and Techniques

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xii CONTENTS B The L AT E X Clockwork 381 B.1 Installing L AT E X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 B.2 Obtaining the Adobe euro fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 B.3 T E X directory structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 B.4 The CTAN server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 B.5 Additional standard files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 B.6 The various L AT E X files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 C Error Messages 401 C.1 Basic structure of error messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401 C.2 Some sample errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 C.3 List of L AT E X error messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 C.4 T E X error messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424 C.5 Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 C.6 Search for subtle errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 D L AT E X Programming 437 D.1 Class and package files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 D.2 L AT E X programming commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 D.3 Sample packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 D.4 Changing preprogrammed text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 D.5 Direct typing of special letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 D.6 Alternatives for special symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 D.7 Managing code and documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 E L AT E X and World Wide Web 475 E.1 Converting to HTML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 E.2 The Extensible Markup Language: XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 E.3 The techexplorer Hypermedia Browser . . . . . . . . . . . 481 F Obsolete L AT E X 483 F.1 The 2.09 preamble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 F.2 Font selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 F.3 Obsolete means obsolete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 G T E X Fonts 487 G.1 Font metrics and bitmaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 G.2 Computer Modern fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 G.3 The METAFONT program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497 G.4 Extended Computer fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 G.5 PostScript fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503 G.6 Computer Modern as PostScript fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
LIST OF TABLES xiii H Command Summary 507 H.1 Brief description of the L AT E X commands . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 H.2 Summary tables and figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 Bibliography 605 Index 607 List of Tables 10.1 The psnfss packages and their fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 10.2 Acrobat menu actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 A.1 The NFSS encoding schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 A.2 The NFSS series attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 A.3 Attributes of the Computer Modern fonts . . . . . . . . . . . 370 D.1 Input coding schemes for inputenc package . . . . . . . . . 462 D.2 Alternative commands for special symbols . . . . . . . . . . 463 G.1 Computer Modern text fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 G.2 Root names of the 35 standard PostScript fonts . . . . . . . 504 G.3 Encoding suffixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 H.1 Font attribute commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 H.2 Math alphabet commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 H.3 Font sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 H.4 L AT E X 2.09 font declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 H.5 Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 H.6 Accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 H.7 Special letters from other languages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 H.8 Special symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 H.9 Command symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 H.10 Greek letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596 H.11 Binary operation symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 H.12 Relational symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 H.13 Negated relational symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 H.14 Brackets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597 H.15 Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 H.16 Miscellaneous symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 H.17 Mathematical symbols in two sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 H.18 Function names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 H.19 Math accents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 H.20 A M S arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 H.21 A M S binary operation symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Page 1 and 2: A Guide to LAT E X and Electronic P
Page 3: Trademark notices METAFONT is a tra
Page 6 and 7: viii Preface example, the section o
Page 8 and 9: x CONTENTS 4.6 Tabulator stops . .
Page 12 and 13: xiv CONTENTS H.22 A M S Greek and H
Page 15 and 16: 1 1.1 Just what is L AT E X? To sum
Page 17 and 18: He took a {\bf bold step} forward.
Page 19 and 20: 1.3. T E X and its offspring 7 Alth
Page 21 and 22: 1.3. T E X and its offspring 9 Font
Page 23 and 24: 1.5. Basics of a L AT E X file 11 v
Page 25 and 26: 1.5. Basics of a L AT E X file 13 c
Page 27 and 28: 1.6. T E X processing procedure 15
Page 29 and 30: 2 Text, Symbols, and Commands The t
Page 31 and 32: 2.2. Environments 19 a punctuation
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Page 39 and 40: 2.5.11 The date 2.6. Exercises 27 T
Page 41 and 42: 2.7. Fine-tuning text 29 simply a s
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Page 45 and 46: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip 2.7. F
Page 47 and 48: 2.8. Word division 35 that works (a
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Page 57 and 58: 3.2. Page style 45 In many classes,
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3.2. Page style 49 forget the 1 inc
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3.2. Page style 51 As you see, the
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\title{% How to Write DVI Drivers}
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3.3.2 Abstract The abstract is prod
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3.3. Parts of the document 57 (The
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3.4. Table of contents 59 given at
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4 Displayed Text There are a variet
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\tiny smallest \scriptsize very sma
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4.1. Changing font 65 that a font e
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4.2 Centering and indenting 4.2.1 C
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4.3 Lists 4.3. Lists 69 Exercise 4.
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4.3. Lists 71 The \item[option] com
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4.3. Lists 73 label. For the enumer
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4.4. Generalized lists 75 However,
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4.4. Generalized lists 77 normally
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4.4. Generalized lists 79 item are
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4.6. Tabulator stops 81 which also
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4.6.4 Further tabbing commands 4.6.
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4.7. Boxes 85 tentative 2004 = $100
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4.7. Boxes 87 To make a framed box
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This is a 3.5 cm wide parbox. It is
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4.7. Boxes 91 The optional argument
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4.7. Boxes 93 contents as a unit wi
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4.8. Tables 95 This package also al
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4.8. Tables 97 If the left or right
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4.8. Tables 99 Position Club Games
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4.8. Tables 101 4 & Daysdon Bombers
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4.8. Tables 103 The \raisebox comma
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4.8. Tables 105 terminate the row i
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4.8. Tables 107 Package: The array
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Primary Energy Consumption 4.8. Tab
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4.9. Printing literal text 111 \ver
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4.10. Footnotes and marginal notes
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5 Mathematical Formulas Mathematics
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5.2. Main elements of math mode 121
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5.2.5 Sums and integrals 5.2. Main
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5.3.1 Greek letters 5.3. Mathematic
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5.3. Mathematical symbols 127 < \no
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5.3. Mathematical symbols 129 Some
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5.4. Additional elements 131 articl
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5.4.2 Ordinary text within a formul
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5.4. Additional elements 135 \[ \su
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123 a + b + · · · + y +z
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left formula & mid formula & right
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5.4. Additional elements 141 Exerci
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5.4. Additional elements 143 5.4.9
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5.5 Fine-tuning mathematics 5.5.1 H
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a0 + a1 + 1 a2 + 1 1 a3 + 1 a4 5.5.
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5.5. Fine-tuning mathematics 149 \a
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5.6. Beyond standard L AT E X 151 4
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154 Chapter 6. Graphics Inclusion a
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170 Chapter 7. Floating tables and
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182 Chapter 8. User Customizations
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9 Document Management This chapter
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9.1. Processing parts of a document
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9.1.3 Monitor input and output 9.1.
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9.2 In-text references 9.2. In-text
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9.2. In-text references 215 can be
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9.3. Bibliographies 217 by means of
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9.3. Bibliographies 219 by the last
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\bibitem [short(year)long] {key} .
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9.3. Bibliographies 223 sectionbib
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9.4 Keyword index 9.4. Keyword inde
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9.4. Keyword index 227 An entry may
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9.4. Keyword index 229 number of op
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10 PostScript and PDF PostScript is
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10.1. L AT E X and PostScript 233 A
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10.1. L AT E X and PostScript 235 T
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10.2. Portable Document Format 237
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252 Chapter 11. Multilingual L AT E
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258 Chapter 12. Math Extensions wit
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13 Drawing with LAT E X The inclusi
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13.1. The picture environment 289 w
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Picture boxes—rectangles 13.1. Th
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13.1. The picture environment 293 T
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\vector(∆x,∆y){length} 13.1. Th
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13.1. The picture environment 297 d
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\frame{pic elem} 13.1. The picture
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13.1. The picture environment 301 T
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13.2. Extended pictures 303 \matrix
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13.2. Extended pictures 305 The def
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13.3 Other drawing packages 13.3.1
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14 Bibliographic Databases and BIBT
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14.2. Creating a bibliographic data
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} note = {} 14.3. Customizing bibli
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15 Presentation Material So far we
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as \documentclass{slides} preamble
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15.1. Slide production with SLIT E
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15.1. Slide production with SLIT E
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15.2. Slide production with seminar
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Local configuration 15.2. Slide pro
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15.3. Electronic documents for scre
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15.4. Special effects with PDF 343
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Package: background \Replace pages
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352 Chapter 16. Letters in the prea
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354 Chapter 16. Letters A sample le
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356 Chapter 16. Letters without a c
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358 Chapter 16. Letters properly po
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360 Chapter 16. Letters \DeclareOpt
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362 Chapter 16. Letters {\viiisf\un
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364 Chapter 16. Letters \ifthenelse
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A The New Font Selection Scheme (NF
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A.1. Font attributes under NFSS 369
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A.2. Simplified font selection 371
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A.3.2 Defining font commands A.3. I
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A.3. Installing fonts with NFSS 375
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A.3. Installing fonts with NFSS 377
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\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm} \ren
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B The LAT E X Clockwork In this app
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Figure B.1: The T E XLive welcome B
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B.1. Installing L AT E X 385 fontte
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B.2 Obtaining the Adobe euro fonts
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B.4. The CTAN server 389 dvipdfm (S
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B.5 Additional standard files B.5.
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B.5. Additional standard files 393
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B.5. Additional standard files 395
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B.6. The various L AT E X files 397
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B.6. The various L AT E X files 399
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C Error Messages Errors are bound t
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C.1. Basic structure of error messa
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C.2 Some sample errors C.2.1 Error
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C.2. Some sample errors 411 The las
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C.2. Some sample errors 413 message
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C.3. List of L AT E X error message
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! LaTeX Error: No \title given. C.3
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C.3.2 L AT E X package errors C.3.
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! Extra alignment tab has been chan
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C.4. T E X error messages 427 the t
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C.5. Warnings 429 the result of an
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LaTeX Warning: No \author given. C.
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C.5.3 L AT E X font warnings C.5. W
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C.6. Search for subtle errors 435 b
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D LAT E X Programming In this appen
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D.1. Class and package files 439 \p
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l.1 \NeedsTeXFormat {LaTeX2e} D.2.
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D.2. L AT E X programming commands
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\begin{filecontents}{mymacros} \new
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\noexpand \expandafter D.3. Sample
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D.3. Sample packages 453 \setboolea
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D.3. Sample packages 455 \newcomman
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D.3. Sample packages 457 sec-name:
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The priest fulfills several functio
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\ifcase command (page 451). D.5. Di
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D.7. Managing code and documentatio
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\StopEventually{final text} D.7. Ma
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Integrity tests D.7. Managing code
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476 Appendix E. L AT E X and World
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484 Appendix F. Obsolete L AT E X r
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486 Appendix F. Obsolete L AT E X t
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488 Appendix G. T E X Fonts or for
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490 Appendix G. T E X Fonts A book
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492 Appendix G. T E X Fonts 0 1 2 3
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494 Appendix G. T E X Fonts Package
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498 Appendix G. T E X Fonts The pri
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504 Appendix G. T E X Fonts own. Th
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506 Appendix G. T E X Fonts viewing
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508 Appendix H. Command Summary " .
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510 Appendix H. Command Summary \<
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512 Appendix H. Command Summary \a=
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514 Appendix H. Command Summary \ap
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516 Appendix H. Command Summary \be
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520 Appendix H. Command Summary whi
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526 Appendix H. Command Summary \bm
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528 Appendix H. Command Summary \ch
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530 Appendix H. Command Summary \co
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532 Appendix H. Command Summary \db
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534 Appendix H. Command Summary \De
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536 Appendix H. Command Summary \De
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538 Appendix H. Command Summary \dh
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540 Appendix H. Command Summary \em
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542 Appendix H. Command Summary \fb
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544 Appendix H. Command Summary \fo
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546 Appendix H. Command Summary \gr
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548 Appendix H. Command Summary \hu
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550 Appendix H. Command Summary \in
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552 Appendix H. Command Summary \it
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554 Appendix H. Command Summary \le
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556 Appendix H. Command Summary \li
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558 Appendix H. Command Summary \Ma
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560 Appendix H. Command Summary \md
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562 Appendix H. Command Summary \ne
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564 Appendix H. Command Summary \no
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566 Appendix H. Command Summary \op
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568 Appendix H. Command Summary \pa
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570 Appendix H. Command Summary \pa
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572 Appendix H. Command Summary \Pr
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574 Appendix H. Command Summary \re
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576 Appendix H. Command Summary \ro
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578 Appendix H. Command Summary \se
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580 Appendix H. Command Summary \si
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582 Appendix H. Command Summary \su
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584 Appendix H. Command Summary \te
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586 Appendix H. Command Summary \te
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588 Appendix H. Command Summary top
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590 Appendix H. Command Summary \un
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592 Appendix H. Command Summary \va
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594 Appendix H. Command Summary \wi
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596 Appendix H. Command Summary Tab
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602 Appendix H. Command Summary ✲
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604 Appendix H. Command Summary Rem
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606 BIBLIOGRAPHY Knuth D. E. (1986e
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608 INDEX \= (¯ accent), 24, 510 \
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610 INDEX \Hat, 263, 546 \hdotsfor,
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612 INDEX creating, 311 cross-refer
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614 INDEX \chi, 125, 528 chicago pa
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616 INDEX \dbltextfloatsep, 172, 53
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618 INDEX e.tex, 394, 413 EC fonts,
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620 INDEX \exp, 128, 541 \expandaft
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622 INDEX cmr10 (standard), 492 cms
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624 INDEX Gaulle, Bernard, 251 \gcd
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626 INDEX initex, 6, 251, 253, 256,
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628 INDEX L AT E X standard, 351-6
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630 INDEX \mathscr, 284 \mathsf, 13
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632 INDEX \oint, 128, 565 \Omega, 1
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634 INDEX two-column, 38, 51 two-si
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636 INDEX plain page style, 42, 45,
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638 INDEX \rightharpoondown, 127, 5
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640 INDEX slide environment (slides
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642 INDEX column repetition, 96 col
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644 INDEX \texttt, 65, 88, 372, 585
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646 INDEX \varrho, 125, 591 \varsig
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