Guide to LaTeX (4th Edition) (Tools and Techniques

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430 Appendix C. Error Messages that defining \bibitem entry, either because BIBT E X has not been run, or because that reference is not in any of the specified databases. LaTeX Warning: Command ... has changed. Check if current package is valid. The \CheckCommand statement is used to test if a given command has a certain definition. This warning is issued if the test fails. This is used to be sure that a given package is doing what the programmer thinks it is doing. LaTeX Warning: Float too large for page by ..pt on input line... A float (figure or table environment) is too big to fit on the page. It will be printed anyway, but will extend beyond the normal page margins. LaTeX Warning: ‘h’ float specifier changed to ‘ht’. The float placement specifier ‘h’ for ‘here’ (Section 7.1) does not really mean exactly at the location of the float environment. It will be placed ‘here’ only if there is enough room remaining on the page for it, otherwise it appears at the top of the next available page. This message is a reminder of this fact. LaTeX Warning: inputting ‘...’ instead of obsolete ‘...’. Some packages written for L AT E X 2.09 explicitly input certain files, such as article.sty, that have a new equivalent with a different name (in this case article.cls). Dummy files with the old names that issue this message and input the right file are provided. LaTeX Warning: Label ‘...’ multiply defined. Two \label or \bibitem commands have defined keys with the same name (Sections 9.2.1 and 9.3). Even after the correction has been made, this message will be printed once more to the monitor since the information that led to it is to be found in the .aux file from the last processing run. On the run after that, it should be gone. LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed. Rerun to get cross-references right. The printed outputs from the \ref, \pageref, and \cite commands may be incorrect since their values have been altered during the processing. L AT E X must be run once more so that the right values are used. LaTeX Warning: Marginpar on page ... moved. A marginal note on the given page has been shifted downwards to prevent it from being too close to another one. This means that it will not be beside the line of text where the \marginpar command was actually given.
LaTeX Warning: No \author given. C.5. Warnings 431 The \maketitle command has been issued without a previous \author command. Unlike a missing \title command, this is not an error, but merely peculiar. The warning is printed just in case you did mean to specify an author. LaTeX Warning: Optional argument of \twocolumn too tall on page. The \twocolumn command (Section 3.2.7) starts a new page and switches to two-column formatting. The text in the optional argument is printed in one wide column above the double column text. If that text is too large to fit onto one page, this warning is printed. LaTeX Warning: \oval, \circle, or \line size unavailable on input line .... The size specified for an \oval, \circle, or slanted \line command in a picture environment is too small for L AT E X to print. LaTeX Warning: Reference ‘...’ on page ... undefined on input line .... The marker name in a \ref or \pageref command has not been defined by a \label command in the previous processing run (Section 9.2.1). If this message does not disappear on the next run, the corresponding \label command is missing. LaTeX Warning: Text page ... contains only floats. This message points out that the float style parameters (Section 7.3) have excluded any regular text from appearing on the specified page. This is not necessarily bad, but you might want to check that page visually. LaTeX Warning: There were multiply-defined labels. This message is printed at the end of the L AT E X run if there were any \label or \bibitem commands that used the same marker name more than once. A warning is also printed near the beginning of the run for each repeated marker name. LaTeX Warning: There were undefined references. This message is printed at the end of the L AT E X run if there were any \ref or \pageref commands whose markers had not been defined during a previous run. A warning is also printed earlier for each undefined marker used. If it does not disappear on the next run, then the corresponding \label is missing, maybe due to a typing error in the marker text.
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A Guide to LAT E X and Electronic P
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Trademark notices METAFONT is a tra
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viii Preface example, the section o
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x CONTENTS 4.6 Tabulator stops . .
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xii CONTENTS B The L AT E X Clockwo
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xiv CONTENTS H.22 A M S Greek and H
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1 1.1 Just what is L AT E X? To sum
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He took a {\bf bold step} forward.
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1.3. T E X and its offspring 7 Alth
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1.3. T E X and its offspring 9 Font
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1.5. Basics of a L AT E X file 11 v
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1.5. Basics of a L AT E X file 13 c
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1.6. T E X processing procedure 15
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2 Text, Symbols, and Commands The t
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2.2. Environments 19 a punctuation
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2.4. Lengths 21 Declarations made w
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2.5. Special characters 23 Instead
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2.5. Special characters 25 which de
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2.5.11 The date 2.6. Exercises 27 T
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2.7. Fine-tuning text 29 simply a s
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2.7. Fine-tuning text 31 Any combin
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\bigskip \medskip \smallskip 2.7. F
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2.8. Word division 35 that works (a
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3 3.1 Document class Document Layou
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3.1. Document class 39 pages and on
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3.1. Document class 41 space betwee
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The command \thispagestyle{style} 3
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3.2. Page style 45 In many classes,
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3.2. Page style 47 There is a recen
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3.2. Page style 49 forget the 1 inc
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3.2. Page style 51 As you see, the
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\title{% How to Write DVI Drivers}
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3.3.2 Abstract The abstract is prod
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3.3. Parts of the document 57 (The
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3.4. Table of contents 59 given at
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4 Displayed Text There are a variet
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\tiny smallest \scriptsize very sma
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4.1. Changing font 65 that a font e
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4.2 Centering and indenting 4.2.1 C
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4.3 Lists 4.3. Lists 69 Exercise 4.
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4.3. Lists 71 The \item[option] com
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4.3. Lists 73 label. For the enumer
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4.4. Generalized lists 75 However,
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4.4. Generalized lists 77 normally
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4.4. Generalized lists 79 item are
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4.6. Tabulator stops 81 which also
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4.6.4 Further tabbing commands 4.6.
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4.7. Boxes 85 tentative 2004 = $100
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4.7. Boxes 87 To make a framed box
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This is a 3.5 cm wide parbox. It is
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4.7. Boxes 91 The optional argument
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4.7. Boxes 93 contents as a unit wi
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4.8. Tables 95 This package also al
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4.8. Tables 97 If the left or right
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4.8. Tables 99 Position Club Games
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4.8. Tables 101 4 & Daysdon Bombers
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4.8. Tables 103 The \raisebox comma
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4.8. Tables 105 terminate the row i
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4.8. Tables 107 Package: The array
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Primary Energy Consumption 4.8. Tab
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4.9. Printing literal text 111 \ver
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4.10. Footnotes and marginal notes
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5 Mathematical Formulas Mathematics
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5.2. Main elements of math mode 121
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5.2.5 Sums and integrals 5.2. Main
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5.3.1 Greek letters 5.3. Mathematic
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5.3. Mathematical symbols 127 < \no
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5.3. Mathematical symbols 129 Some
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5.4. Additional elements 131 articl
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5.4.2 Ordinary text within a formul
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5.4. Additional elements 135 \[ \su
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123 a + b + · · · + y +z
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left formula & mid formula & right
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5.4. Additional elements 141 Exerci
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5.4. Additional elements 143 5.4.9
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5.5 Fine-tuning mathematics 5.5.1 H
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a0 + a1 + 1 a2 + 1 1 a3 + 1 a4 5.5.
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5.5. Fine-tuning mathematics 149 \a
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5.6. Beyond standard L AT E X 151 4
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154 Chapter 6. Graphics Inclusion a
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170 Chapter 7. Floating tables and
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182 Chapter 8. User Customizations
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9 Document Management This chapter
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9.1. Processing parts of a document
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9.1.3 Monitor input and output 9.1.
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9.2 In-text references 9.2. In-text
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9.2. In-text references 215 can be
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9.3. Bibliographies 217 by means of
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9.3. Bibliographies 219 by the last
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\bibitem [short(year)long] {key} .
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9.3. Bibliographies 223 sectionbib
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9.4 Keyword index 9.4. Keyword inde
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9.4. Keyword index 227 An entry may
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9.4. Keyword index 229 number of op
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10 PostScript and PDF PostScript is
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10.1. L AT E X and PostScript 233 A
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10.1. L AT E X and PostScript 235 T
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10.2. Portable Document Format 237
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252 Chapter 11. Multilingual L AT E
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258 Chapter 12. Math Extensions wit
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13 Drawing with LAT E X The inclusi
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13.1. The picture environment 289 w
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Picture boxes—rectangles 13.1. Th
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13.1. The picture environment 293 T
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\vector(∆x,∆y){length} 13.1. Th
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13.1. The picture environment 297 d
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\frame{pic elem} 13.1. The picture
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13.1. The picture environment 301 T
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13.2. Extended pictures 303 \matrix
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13.2. Extended pictures 305 The def
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13.3 Other drawing packages 13.3.1
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14 Bibliographic Databases and BIBT
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14.2. Creating a bibliographic data
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} note = {} 14.3. Customizing bibli
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15 Presentation Material So far we
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as \documentclass{slides} preamble
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15.1. Slide production with SLIT E
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15.1. Slide production with SLIT E
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15.2. Slide production with seminar
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Local configuration 15.2. Slide pro
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15.3. Electronic documents for scre
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15.4. Special effects with PDF 343
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Package: background \Replace pages
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352 Chapter 16. Letters in the prea
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354 Chapter 16. Letters A sample le
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356 Chapter 16. Letters without a c
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358 Chapter 16. Letters properly po
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360 Chapter 16. Letters \DeclareOpt
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362 Chapter 16. Letters {\viiisf\un
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364 Chapter 16. Letters \ifthenelse
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A The New Font Selection Scheme (NF
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A.1. Font attributes under NFSS 369
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A.2. Simplified font selection 371
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A.3.2 Defining font commands A.3. I
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A.3. Installing fonts with NFSS 375
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A.3. Installing fonts with NFSS 377
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Page 397 and 398: B.1. Installing L AT E X 385 fontte
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Page 413 and 414: C Error Messages Errors are bound t
Page 415 and 416: C.1. Basic structure of error messa
Page 421 and 422: C.2 Some sample errors C.2.1 Error
Page 423 and 424: C.2. Some sample errors 411 The las
Page 425 and 426: C.2. Some sample errors 413 message
Page 427 and 428: C.3. List of L AT E X error message
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Page 439 and 440: C.4. T E X error messages 427 the t
Page 441: C.5. Warnings 429 the result of an
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Page 447 and 448: C.6. Search for subtle errors 435 b
Page 449 and 450: D LAT E X Programming In this appen
Page 451 and 452: D.1. Class and package files 439 \p
Page 453 and 454: l.1 \NeedsTeXFormat {LaTeX2e} D.2.
Page 455 and 456: D.2. L AT E X programming commands
Page 461 and 462: \begin{filecontents}{mymacros} \new
Page 463 and 464: \noexpand \expandafter D.3. Sample
Page 465 and 466: D.3. Sample packages 453 \setboolea
Page 467 and 468: D.3. Sample packages 455 \newcomman
Page 469 and 470: D.3. Sample packages 457 sec-name:
Page 471 and 472: The priest fulfills several functio
Page 473 and 474: \ifcase command (page 451). D.5. Di
Page 475 and 476: D.7. Managing code and documentatio
Page 481 and 482: \StopEventually{final text} D.7. Ma
Page 483 and 484: Integrity tests D.7. Managing code
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Page 488 and 489: 476 Appendix E. L AT E X and World
Page 490 and 491: 478 Appendix E. L AT E X and World
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480 Appendix E. L AT E X and World
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482 Appendix E. L AT E X and World
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484 Appendix F. Obsolete L AT E X r
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486 Appendix F. Obsolete L AT E X t
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488 Appendix G. T E X Fonts or for
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490 Appendix G. T E X Fonts A book
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492 Appendix G. T E X Fonts 0 1 2 3
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494 Appendix G. T E X Fonts Package
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498 Appendix G. T E X Fonts The pri
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504 Appendix G. T E X Fonts own. Th
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506 Appendix G. T E X Fonts viewing
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508 Appendix H. Command Summary " .
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510 Appendix H. Command Summary \<
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512 Appendix H. Command Summary \a=
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514 Appendix H. Command Summary \ap
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516 Appendix H. Command Summary \be
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520 Appendix H. Command Summary whi
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526 Appendix H. Command Summary \bm
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528 Appendix H. Command Summary \ch
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530 Appendix H. Command Summary \co
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532 Appendix H. Command Summary \db
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534 Appendix H. Command Summary \De
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536 Appendix H. Command Summary \De
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538 Appendix H. Command Summary \dh
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540 Appendix H. Command Summary \em
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542 Appendix H. Command Summary \fb
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544 Appendix H. Command Summary \fo
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546 Appendix H. Command Summary \gr
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548 Appendix H. Command Summary \hu
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550 Appendix H. Command Summary \in
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552 Appendix H. Command Summary \it
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554 Appendix H. Command Summary \le
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556 Appendix H. Command Summary \li
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558 Appendix H. Command Summary \Ma
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560 Appendix H. Command Summary \md
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562 Appendix H. Command Summary \ne
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564 Appendix H. Command Summary \no
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566 Appendix H. Command Summary \op
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568 Appendix H. Command Summary \pa
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570 Appendix H. Command Summary \pa
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572 Appendix H. Command Summary \Pr
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574 Appendix H. Command Summary \re
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576 Appendix H. Command Summary \ro
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578 Appendix H. Command Summary \se
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580 Appendix H. Command Summary \si
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582 Appendix H. Command Summary \su
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584 Appendix H. Command Summary \te
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586 Appendix H. Command Summary \te
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588 Appendix H. Command Summary top
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590 Appendix H. Command Summary \un
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592 Appendix H. Command Summary \va
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594 Appendix H. Command Summary \wi
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596 Appendix H. Command Summary Tab
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602 Appendix H. Command Summary ✲
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604 Appendix H. Command Summary Rem
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606 BIBLIOGRAPHY Knuth D. E. (1986e
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608 INDEX \= (¯ accent), 24, 510 \
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610 INDEX \Hat, 263, 546 \hdotsfor,
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612 INDEX creating, 311 cross-refer
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614 INDEX \chi, 125, 528 chicago pa
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616 INDEX \dbltextfloatsep, 172, 53
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618 INDEX e.tex, 394, 413 EC fonts,
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620 INDEX \exp, 128, 541 \expandaft
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622 INDEX cmr10 (standard), 492 cms
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624 INDEX Gaulle, Bernard, 251 \gcd
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626 INDEX initex, 6, 251, 253, 256,
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628 INDEX L AT E X standard, 351-6
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630 INDEX \mathscr, 284 \mathsf, 13
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632 INDEX \oint, 128, 565 \Omega, 1
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634 INDEX two-column, 38, 51 two-si
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636 INDEX plain page style, 42, 45,
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638 INDEX \rightharpoondown, 127, 5
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640 INDEX slide environment (slides
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642 INDEX column repetition, 96 col
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644 INDEX \texttt, 65, 88, 372, 585
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646 INDEX \varrho, 125, 591 \varsig
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