Guide to LaTeX (4th Edition) (Tools and Techniques

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106 Chapter 4. Displayed Text \multicolumn{1}{|r|}{Year} & 2003 & 2004 & 2005 \\ \cline{2-4} & \euro\ \vline\ US \$ & \euro\ \vline\ US \$ & \euro\ \vline\ US \$ \\ \hline Investment & \hspace{2.5cm}& \hspace{2.5cm}& \hspace{2.5cm} \\ Costs & & & \\ \hline Operating & & & \\ Costs & & & \\ \hline Industrial& & & \\ Contracts & & & \\ \hline \multicolumn{4}{|l|}{\rule[-1.0cm]{0mm}{1.3cm}Signature \hspace{5cm}\vline˜Authorization} \\ \hline \end{tabular} The first three lines are only indirectly related to the table construc- tion. They arrange for three empty boxes to be drawn when the command \usebox{\kkk} is given (see Section 4.7.1). Except for the command \hspace{2.5cm} to set the column widths of the last three columns and the command \vline to draw a vertical line within a column, this example contains nothing new that was not in the previous examples. It is only necessary to give a brief explanation of the last row in the table: The command \multicolumn{4}{|l|} merges all four table columns into one, in which the text is set flush with the left margin. This text consists first of a strut \rule[-12mm]{0mm}{15mm} that says the height of the last row begins 12 mm below the baseline and is a total of 15 mm high. Then, beginning at the left margin, comes the word Signature, followed 5 cm later by \vline, a vertical line. The word Authorization is separated from the vertical line by a blank space (˜). The above examples clearly illustrate how the column widths and row heights are automatically determined for tables. These sizes, however, may be influenced by struts and \hspace commands. In addition, the commands described in Section 4.8.2 permit the intercolumn and interrow spacings as well as line thickness to be altered. For example, \setlength{\tabcolsep}{5mm} inserts 5 mm of spacing before and after every column; that is, it produces an intercolumn spacing of 10 mm. Section 4.8.2 gives more information about the use of these table style parameters. 4.8.4 Extension packages for tables As powerful as the tabular environment is, it does have limitations. For this reason, there are a number of tools packages (Section B.5.4) that add additional features for constructing tables.
4.8. Tables 107 Package: The array package extends the normal functionality of the tabular array and array environments by adding several column formatting arguments, and by allowing the user to be able to define his or her own such arguments. m{wth} produces a column of width wth which is aligned vertically in the middle. (The standard p{wth} aligns the text with the top line.) b{wth} is like p and m but aligns the text on the bottom line. >{decl} inserts decl before the next column; thus >{\bfseries} sets the entire column in bold face without having to type \bfseries in each row. {$}c{$}c
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A Guide to LAT E X and Electronic P
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Trademark notices METAFONT is a tra
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viii Preface example, the section o
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x CONTENTS 4.6 Tabulator stops . .
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xii CONTENTS B The L AT E X Clockwo
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xiv CONTENTS H.22 A M S Greek and H
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1 1.1 Just what is L AT E X? To sum
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He took a {\bf bold step} forward.
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1.3. T E X and its offspring 7 Alth
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1.3. T E X and its offspring 9 Font
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1.5. Basics of a L AT E X file 11 v
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1.5. Basics of a L AT E X file 13 c
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1.6. T E X processing procedure 15
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2 Text, Symbols, and Commands The t
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2.2. Environments 19 a punctuation
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2.4. Lengths 21 Declarations made w
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2.5. Special characters 23 Instead
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2.5. Special characters 25 which de
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2.5.11 The date 2.6. Exercises 27 T
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2.7. Fine-tuning text 29 simply a s
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2.7. Fine-tuning text 31 Any combin
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\bigskip \medskip \smallskip 2.7. F
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2.8. Word division 35 that works (a
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3 3.1 Document class Document Layou
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3.1. Document class 39 pages and on
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3.1. Document class 41 space betwee
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The command \thispagestyle{style} 3
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3.2. Page style 45 In many classes,
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3.2. Page style 47 There is a recen
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3.2. Page style 49 forget the 1 inc
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3.2. Page style 51 As you see, the
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\title{% How to Write DVI Drivers}
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Page 69 and 70: 3.3. Parts of the document 57 (The
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Page 77 and 78: 4.1. Changing font 65 that a font e
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Page 81 and 82: 4.3 Lists 4.3. Lists 69 Exercise 4.
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Page 85 and 86: 4.3. Lists 73 label. For the enumer
Page 87 and 88: 4.4. Generalized lists 75 However,
Page 89 and 90: 4.4. Generalized lists 77 normally
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Page 93 and 94: 4.6. Tabulator stops 81 which also
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Page 97 and 98: 4.7. Boxes 85 tentative 2004 = $100
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Page 103 and 104: 4.7. Boxes 91 The optional argument
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Page 121 and 122: Primary Energy Consumption 4.8. Tab
Page 123 and 124: 4.9. Printing literal text 111 \ver
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Page 131 and 132: 5 Mathematical Formulas Mathematics
Page 133 and 134: 5.2. Main elements of math mode 121
Page 135 and 136: 5.2.5 Sums and integrals 5.2. Main
Page 137 and 138: 5.3.1 Greek letters 5.3. Mathematic
Page 139 and 140: 5.3. Mathematical symbols 127 < \no
Page 141 and 142: 5.3. Mathematical symbols 129 Some
Page 143 and 144: 5.4. Additional elements 131 articl
Page 145 and 146: 5.4.2 Ordinary text within a formul
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Page 151 and 152: left formula & mid formula & right
Page 153 and 154: 5.4. Additional elements 141 Exerci
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Page 157 and 158: 5.5 Fine-tuning mathematics 5.5.1 H
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Page 161 and 162: 5.5. Fine-tuning mathematics 149 \a
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156 Chapter 6. Graphics Inclusion a
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170 Chapter 7. Floating tables and
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182 Chapter 8. User Customizations
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9 Document Management This chapter
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9.1. Processing parts of a document
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9.1.3 Monitor input and output 9.1.
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9.2 In-text references 9.2. In-text
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9.2. In-text references 215 can be
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9.3. Bibliographies 217 by means of
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9.3. Bibliographies 219 by the last
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\bibitem [short(year)long] {key} .
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9.3. Bibliographies 223 sectionbib
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9.4 Keyword index 9.4. Keyword inde
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9.4. Keyword index 227 An entry may
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9.4. Keyword index 229 number of op
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10 PostScript and PDF PostScript is
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10.1. L AT E X and PostScript 233 A
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10.1. L AT E X and PostScript 235 T
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10.2. Portable Document Format 237
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252 Chapter 11. Multilingual L AT E
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258 Chapter 12. Math Extensions wit
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13 Drawing with LAT E X The inclusi
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13.1. The picture environment 289 w
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Picture boxes—rectangles 13.1. Th
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13.1. The picture environment 293 T
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\vector(∆x,∆y){length} 13.1. Th
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13.1. The picture environment 297 d
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\frame{pic elem} 13.1. The picture
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13.1. The picture environment 301 T
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13.2. Extended pictures 303 \matrix
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13.2. Extended pictures 305 The def
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13.3 Other drawing packages 13.3.1
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14 Bibliographic Databases and BIBT
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14.2. Creating a bibliographic data
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} note = {} 14.3. Customizing bibli
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15 Presentation Material So far we
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as \documentclass{slides} preamble
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15.1. Slide production with SLIT E
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15.1. Slide production with SLIT E
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15.2. Slide production with seminar
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Local configuration 15.2. Slide pro
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15.3. Electronic documents for scre
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15.4. Special effects with PDF 343
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Package: background \Replace pages
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352 Chapter 16. Letters in the prea
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354 Chapter 16. Letters A sample le
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356 Chapter 16. Letters without a c
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358 Chapter 16. Letters properly po
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360 Chapter 16. Letters \DeclareOpt
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362 Chapter 16. Letters {\viiisf\un
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364 Chapter 16. Letters \ifthenelse
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A The New Font Selection Scheme (NF
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A.1. Font attributes under NFSS 369
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A.2. Simplified font selection 371
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A.3.2 Defining font commands A.3. I
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A.3. Installing fonts with NFSS 375
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A.3. Installing fonts with NFSS 377
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\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm} \ren
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B The LAT E X Clockwork In this app
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Figure B.1: The T E XLive welcome B
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B.1. Installing L AT E X 385 fontte
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B.2 Obtaining the Adobe euro fonts
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B.4. The CTAN server 389 dvipdfm (S
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B.5 Additional standard files B.5.
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B.5. Additional standard files 393
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B.5. Additional standard files 395
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B.6. The various L AT E X files 397
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B.6. The various L AT E X files 399
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C Error Messages Errors are bound t
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C.1. Basic structure of error messa
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C.2 Some sample errors C.2.1 Error
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C.2. Some sample errors 411 The las
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C.2. Some sample errors 413 message
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C.3. List of L AT E X error message
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! LaTeX Error: No \title given. C.3
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C.3.2 L AT E X package errors C.3.
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! Extra alignment tab has been chan
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C.4. T E X error messages 427 the t
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C.5. Warnings 429 the result of an
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LaTeX Warning: No \author given. C.
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C.5.3 L AT E X font warnings C.5. W
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C.6. Search for subtle errors 435 b
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D LAT E X Programming In this appen
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D.1. Class and package files 439 \p
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l.1 \NeedsTeXFormat {LaTeX2e} D.2.
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D.2. L AT E X programming commands
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\begin{filecontents}{mymacros} \new
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\noexpand \expandafter D.3. Sample
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D.3. Sample packages 453 \setboolea
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D.3. Sample packages 455 \newcomman
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D.3. Sample packages 457 sec-name:
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The priest fulfills several functio
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\ifcase command (page 451). D.5. Di
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D.7. Managing code and documentatio
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\StopEventually{final text} D.7. Ma
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Integrity tests D.7. Managing code
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476 Appendix E. L AT E X and World
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484 Appendix F. Obsolete L AT E X r
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486 Appendix F. Obsolete L AT E X t
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488 Appendix G. T E X Fonts or for
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490 Appendix G. T E X Fonts A book
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492 Appendix G. T E X Fonts 0 1 2 3
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494 Appendix G. T E X Fonts Package
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498 Appendix G. T E X Fonts The pri
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504 Appendix G. T E X Fonts own. Th
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506 Appendix G. T E X Fonts viewing
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508 Appendix H. Command Summary " .
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510 Appendix H. Command Summary \<
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512 Appendix H. Command Summary \a=
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514 Appendix H. Command Summary \ap
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516 Appendix H. Command Summary \be
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520 Appendix H. Command Summary whi
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526 Appendix H. Command Summary \bm
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528 Appendix H. Command Summary \ch
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530 Appendix H. Command Summary \co
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532 Appendix H. Command Summary \db
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534 Appendix H. Command Summary \De
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536 Appendix H. Command Summary \De
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538 Appendix H. Command Summary \dh
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540 Appendix H. Command Summary \em
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542 Appendix H. Command Summary \fb
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544 Appendix H. Command Summary \fo
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546 Appendix H. Command Summary \gr
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548 Appendix H. Command Summary \hu
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550 Appendix H. Command Summary \in
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552 Appendix H. Command Summary \it
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554 Appendix H. Command Summary \le
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556 Appendix H. Command Summary \li
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558 Appendix H. Command Summary \Ma
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560 Appendix H. Command Summary \md
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562 Appendix H. Command Summary \ne
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564 Appendix H. Command Summary \no
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566 Appendix H. Command Summary \op
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568 Appendix H. Command Summary \pa
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570 Appendix H. Command Summary \pa
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572 Appendix H. Command Summary \Pr
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574 Appendix H. Command Summary \re
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576 Appendix H. Command Summary \ro
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578 Appendix H. Command Summary \se
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580 Appendix H. Command Summary \si
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582 Appendix H. Command Summary \su
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584 Appendix H. Command Summary \te
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586 Appendix H. Command Summary \te
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588 Appendix H. Command Summary top
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590 Appendix H. Command Summary \un
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592 Appendix H. Command Summary \va
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594 Appendix H. Command Summary \wi
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596 Appendix H. Command Summary Tab
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602 Appendix H. Command Summary ✲
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604 Appendix H. Command Summary Rem
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606 BIBLIOGRAPHY Knuth D. E. (1986e
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608 INDEX \= (¯ accent), 24, 510 \
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610 INDEX \Hat, 263, 546 \hdotsfor,
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612 INDEX creating, 311 cross-refer
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614 INDEX \chi, 125, 528 chicago pa
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616 INDEX \dbltextfloatsep, 172, 53
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618 INDEX e.tex, 394, 413 EC fonts,
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620 INDEX \exp, 128, 541 \expandaft
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622 INDEX cmr10 (standard), 492 cms
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624 INDEX Gaulle, Bernard, 251 \gcd
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626 INDEX initex, 6, 251, 253, 256,
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628 INDEX L AT E X standard, 351-6
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630 INDEX \mathscr, 284 \mathsf, 13
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632 INDEX \oint, 128, 565 \Omega, 1
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634 INDEX two-column, 38, 51 two-si
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636 INDEX plain page style, 42, 45,
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638 INDEX \rightharpoondown, 127, 5
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640 INDEX slide environment (slides
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642 INDEX column repetition, 96 col
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644 INDEX \texttt, 65, 88, 372, 585
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646 INDEX \varrho, 125, 591 \varsig
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