Guide to LaTeX (4th Edition) (Tools and Techniques

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502 Appendix G. T E X Fonts 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ’00x ` 0 ´ 1 2 3 ¨ 4 ˝ 5 6 ˇ 7 ’01x 8 ¯ 9 10 ¸ 11 ˛ 12 ‚ 13 14 15 ’02x 16 17 „ 18 19 20 21 — 22 ‌ 23 ’03x ← 24 → 25 26 27 28 29 30 ‌ 31 ’04x ␢ 32 33 34 35 $ 36 37 38 ' 39 ’05x 40 41 ∗ 42 43 , 44 45 . 46 ⁄ 47 ’06x 0 48 1 49 2 50 3 51 4 52 5 53 6 54 7 55 ’07x 8 56 9 57 58 59 〈 60 − 61 〉 62 63 ’10x 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 ’11x 72 73 74 75 76 ℧ 77 78 ○ 79 ’12x 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Ω 87 ’13x 88 89 90 〚 91 92 〛 93 ↑ 94 ↓ 95 ’14x ` 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 ’15x 104 105 106 107 108 109 ♪ 110 111 ’16x 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 ’17x 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 ’20x ˘ 128 ˇ 129 ˝ 130 ̏ 131 † 132 ‡ 133 ‖ 134 ‰135 ’21x • 136 ℃ 137 $ 138 ¢ 139 ƒ 140 ₡ 141 ₩ 142 ₦ 143 ’22x 144 145 ₤ 146 147 ‽ 148 149 ₫ 150 151 ’23x ‱152 153 ฿154 № 155 156 ℮ 157 ◦ 158 ℠ 159 ’24x ⁅ 160 ⁆ 161 ¢ 162 £ 163 ¤ 164 ¥ 165 ¦ 166 § 167 ’25x ¨ 168 ©169 ª 170 171 ¬ 172 ℗173 ®174 ¯ 175 ’26x ° 176 ± 177 ² 178 ³ 179 ´ 180 µ 181 182 · 183 ’27x ※ 184 ¹ 185 º 186 √ 187 ¼ 188 ½ 189 ¾ 190 € 191 ’30x 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 ’31x 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 ’32x 208 209 210 211 212 213 × 214 215 ’33x 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 ’34x 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 ’35x 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 ’36x 240 241 242 243 244 245 ÷ 246 247 ’37x 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 Font Layout 10: The text companion font tcrm1000 with the TS1 encoding scheme.
G.5. PostScript fonts 503 Package: To obtain access to the symbols in the TC fonts, one can load the textcomp textcomp package, which not only redefines several existing symbol commands, it also adds many new ones. For example, \copyright, which is normally defined to be \textcircle{c}, is changed to print character 169 from an appropriate TC font. Character 191 is the symbol for the European currency unit, the euro, printed with \texteuro; however, better ways of producing it are presented in Section 2.5.8. G.4.5 Special character commands Inspecting Font Layout 9, one notices that the EC fonts contain not only many single characters that are formed out of two CM symbols (like Ä = A + ¨) but also several characters that have no correspondence in the CM font layout at all. The first type is accommodated by internally redefining the action of accent and special character commands. The second set requires new commands that are recognized only when the T1 encoding is active. These are the ogonek accent \k{o}: o˛ special letters \DH = Ð \DJ = Ð \NG = Ŋ \TH = Þ \dh = ð \dj = đ \ng = ŋ \th = þ special symbols \guillemotleft = « \guillemotright = » \guilsinglleft = ‹ \guilsinglright = › \quotedblbase = „ \quotesinglbase = ‚ \textquotedbl = " When issued in OT1 encoding, these commands print an error message. Note: The \guillemotleft and \guillemotright are not misprints even though the proper word for the French quotations marks is guillemet. The PostScript fonts contain these erroneous names for these symbols and this mistake has propagated to such an extent that it can never be removed from all the software that includes it. A guillemot is in fact an Arctic bird, not a French quotation mark. G.5 PostScript fonts PostScript fonts, also known as outline or type 1 fonts, are treated exactly the same way as the METAFONT fonts as far as L AT E X is concerned: during the processing, a.tfm file is read in for each font specifying the character sizes and other properties. This is all that L AT E X needs to know, for it is the task of the driver program to print the actual character that fills the reserved space. The driver makes use of the virtual font mechanism, which means that what L AT E X sees are actually artificial fonts that do not really exist on their
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A Guide to LAT E X and Electronic P
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Trademark notices METAFONT is a tra
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viii Preface example, the section o
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x CONTENTS 4.6 Tabulator stops . .
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xii CONTENTS B The L AT E X Clockwo
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xiv CONTENTS H.22 A M S Greek and H
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1 1.1 Just what is L AT E X? To sum
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He took a {\bf bold step} forward.
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1.3. T E X and its offspring 7 Alth
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1.3. T E X and its offspring 9 Font
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1.5. Basics of a L AT E X file 11 v
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1.5. Basics of a L AT E X file 13 c
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1.6. T E X processing procedure 15
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2 Text, Symbols, and Commands The t
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2.2. Environments 19 a punctuation
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2.4. Lengths 21 Declarations made w
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2.5. Special characters 23 Instead
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2.5. Special characters 25 which de
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2.5.11 The date 2.6. Exercises 27 T
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2.7. Fine-tuning text 29 simply a s
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2.7. Fine-tuning text 31 Any combin
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\bigskip \medskip \smallskip 2.7. F
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2.8. Word division 35 that works (a
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3 3.1 Document class Document Layou
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3.1. Document class 39 pages and on
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3.1. Document class 41 space betwee
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The command \thispagestyle{style} 3
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3.2. Page style 45 In many classes,
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3.2. Page style 47 There is a recen
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3.2. Page style 49 forget the 1 inc
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3.2. Page style 51 As you see, the
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\title{% How to Write DVI Drivers}
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3.3.2 Abstract The abstract is prod
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3.3. Parts of the document 57 (The
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3.4. Table of contents 59 given at
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4 Displayed Text There are a variet
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\tiny smallest \scriptsize very sma
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4.1. Changing font 65 that a font e
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4.2 Centering and indenting 4.2.1 C
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4.3 Lists 4.3. Lists 69 Exercise 4.
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4.3. Lists 71 The \item[option] com
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4.3. Lists 73 label. For the enumer
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4.4. Generalized lists 75 However,
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4.4. Generalized lists 77 normally
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4.4. Generalized lists 79 item are
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4.6. Tabulator stops 81 which also
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4.6.4 Further tabbing commands 4.6.
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4.7. Boxes 85 tentative 2004 = $100
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4.7. Boxes 87 To make a framed box
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This is a 3.5 cm wide parbox. It is
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4.7. Boxes 91 The optional argument
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4.7. Boxes 93 contents as a unit wi
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4.8. Tables 95 This package also al
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4.8. Tables 97 If the left or right
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4.8. Tables 99 Position Club Games
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4.8. Tables 101 4 & Daysdon Bombers
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4.8. Tables 103 The \raisebox comma
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4.8. Tables 105 terminate the row i
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4.8. Tables 107 Package: The array
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Primary Energy Consumption 4.8. Tab
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4.9. Printing literal text 111 \ver
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4.10. Footnotes and marginal notes
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5 Mathematical Formulas Mathematics
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5.2. Main elements of math mode 121
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5.2.5 Sums and integrals 5.2. Main
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5.3.1 Greek letters 5.3. Mathematic
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5.3. Mathematical symbols 127 < \no
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5.3. Mathematical symbols 129 Some
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5.4. Additional elements 131 articl
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5.4.2 Ordinary text within a formul
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5.4. Additional elements 135 \[ \su
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123 a + b + · · · + y +z
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left formula & mid formula & right
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5.4. Additional elements 141 Exerci
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5.4. Additional elements 143 5.4.9
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5.5 Fine-tuning mathematics 5.5.1 H
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a0 + a1 + 1 a2 + 1 1 a3 + 1 a4 5.5.
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5.5. Fine-tuning mathematics 149 \a
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5.6. Beyond standard L AT E X 151 4
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154 Chapter 6. Graphics Inclusion a
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170 Chapter 7. Floating tables and
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182 Chapter 8. User Customizations
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9 Document Management This chapter
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9.1. Processing parts of a document
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9.1.3 Monitor input and output 9.1.
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9.2 In-text references 9.2. In-text
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9.2. In-text references 215 can be
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9.3. Bibliographies 217 by means of
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9.3. Bibliographies 219 by the last
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\bibitem [short(year)long] {key} .
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9.3. Bibliographies 223 sectionbib
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9.4 Keyword index 9.4. Keyword inde
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9.4. Keyword index 227 An entry may
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9.4. Keyword index 229 number of op
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10 PostScript and PDF PostScript is
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10.1. L AT E X and PostScript 233 A
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10.1. L AT E X and PostScript 235 T
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10.2. Portable Document Format 237
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252 Chapter 11. Multilingual L AT E
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258 Chapter 12. Math Extensions wit
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13 Drawing with LAT E X The inclusi
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13.1. The picture environment 289 w
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Picture boxes—rectangles 13.1. Th
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13.1. The picture environment 293 T
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\vector(∆x,∆y){length} 13.1. Th
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13.1. The picture environment 297 d
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\frame{pic elem} 13.1. The picture
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13.1. The picture environment 301 T
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13.2. Extended pictures 303 \matrix
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13.2. Extended pictures 305 The def
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13.3 Other drawing packages 13.3.1
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14 Bibliographic Databases and BIBT
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14.2. Creating a bibliographic data
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} note = {} 14.3. Customizing bibli
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15 Presentation Material So far we
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as \documentclass{slides} preamble
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15.1. Slide production with SLIT E
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15.1. Slide production with SLIT E
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15.2. Slide production with seminar
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Local configuration 15.2. Slide pro
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15.3. Electronic documents for scre
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15.4. Special effects with PDF 343
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Package: background \Replace pages
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352 Chapter 16. Letters in the prea
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354 Chapter 16. Letters A sample le
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356 Chapter 16. Letters without a c
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358 Chapter 16. Letters properly po
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360 Chapter 16. Letters \DeclareOpt
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362 Chapter 16. Letters {\viiisf\un
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364 Chapter 16. Letters \ifthenelse
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A The New Font Selection Scheme (NF
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A.1. Font attributes under NFSS 369
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A.2. Simplified font selection 371
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A.3.2 Defining font commands A.3. I
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A.3. Installing fonts with NFSS 375
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A.3. Installing fonts with NFSS 377
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\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm} \ren
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B The LAT E X Clockwork In this app
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Figure B.1: The T E XLive welcome B
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B.1. Installing L AT E X 385 fontte
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B.2 Obtaining the Adobe euro fonts
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B.4. The CTAN server 389 dvipdfm (S
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B.5 Additional standard files B.5.
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B.5. Additional standard files 393
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B.5. Additional standard files 395
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B.6. The various L AT E X files 397
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B.6. The various L AT E X files 399
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C Error Messages Errors are bound t
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C.1. Basic structure of error messa
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C.2 Some sample errors C.2.1 Error
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C.2. Some sample errors 411 The las
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C.2. Some sample errors 413 message
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C.3. List of L AT E X error message
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! LaTeX Error: No \title given. C.3
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C.3.2 L AT E X package errors C.3.
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! Extra alignment tab has been chan
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C.4. T E X error messages 427 the t
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C.5. Warnings 429 the result of an
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LaTeX Warning: No \author given. C.
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C.5.3 L AT E X font warnings C.5. W
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C.6. Search for subtle errors 435 b
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D LAT E X Programming In this appen
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D.1. Class and package files 439 \p
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l.1 \NeedsTeXFormat {LaTeX2e} D.2.
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D.2. L AT E X programming commands
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\begin{filecontents}{mymacros} \new
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Page 469 and 470: D.3. Sample packages 457 sec-name:
Page 471 and 472: The priest fulfills several functio
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Page 481 and 482: \StopEventually{final text} D.7. Ma
Page 483 and 484: Integrity tests D.7. Managing code
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Page 488 and 489: 476 Appendix E. L AT E X and World
Page 496 and 497: 484 Appendix F. Obsolete L AT E X r
Page 498 and 499: 486 Appendix F. Obsolete L AT E X t
Page 500 and 501: 488 Appendix G. T E X Fonts or for
Page 502 and 503: 490 Appendix G. T E X Fonts A book
Page 504 and 505: 492 Appendix G. T E X Fonts 0 1 2 3
Page 506 and 507: 494 Appendix G. T E X Fonts Package
Page 510 and 511: 498 Appendix G. T E X Fonts The pri
Page 516 and 517: 504 Appendix G. T E X Fonts own. Th
Page 518 and 519: 506 Appendix G. T E X Fonts viewing
Page 520 and 521: 508 Appendix H. Command Summary " .
Page 522 and 523: 510 Appendix H. Command Summary \<
Page 524 and 525: 512 Appendix H. Command Summary \a=
Page 526 and 527: 514 Appendix H. Command Summary \ap
Page 528 and 529: 516 Appendix H. Command Summary \be
Page 532 and 533: 520 Appendix H. Command Summary whi
Page 538 and 539: 526 Appendix H. Command Summary \bm
Page 540 and 541: 528 Appendix H. Command Summary \ch
Page 542 and 543: 530 Appendix H. Command Summary \co
Page 544 and 545: 532 Appendix H. Command Summary \db
Page 546 and 547: 534 Appendix H. Command Summary \De
Page 548 and 549: 536 Appendix H. Command Summary \De
Page 550 and 551: 538 Appendix H. Command Summary \dh
Page 552 and 553: 540 Appendix H. Command Summary \em
Page 554 and 555: 542 Appendix H. Command Summary \fb
Page 556 and 557: 544 Appendix H. Command Summary \fo
Page 558 and 559: 546 Appendix H. Command Summary \gr
Page 560 and 561: 548 Appendix H. Command Summary \hu
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552 Appendix H. Command Summary \it
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554 Appendix H. Command Summary \le
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556 Appendix H. Command Summary \li
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558 Appendix H. Command Summary \Ma
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560 Appendix H. Command Summary \md
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562 Appendix H. Command Summary \ne
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564 Appendix H. Command Summary \no
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566 Appendix H. Command Summary \op
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568 Appendix H. Command Summary \pa
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570 Appendix H. Command Summary \pa
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572 Appendix H. Command Summary \Pr
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574 Appendix H. Command Summary \re
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576 Appendix H. Command Summary \ro
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578 Appendix H. Command Summary \se
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580 Appendix H. Command Summary \si
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582 Appendix H. Command Summary \su
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584 Appendix H. Command Summary \te
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586 Appendix H. Command Summary \te
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588 Appendix H. Command Summary top
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590 Appendix H. Command Summary \un
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592 Appendix H. Command Summary \va
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594 Appendix H. Command Summary \wi
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596 Appendix H. Command Summary Tab
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602 Appendix H. Command Summary ✲
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604 Appendix H. Command Summary Rem
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606 BIBLIOGRAPHY Knuth D. E. (1986e
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608 INDEX \= (¯ accent), 24, 510 \
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610 INDEX \Hat, 263, 546 \hdotsfor,
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612 INDEX creating, 311 cross-refer
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614 INDEX \chi, 125, 528 chicago pa
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616 INDEX \dbltextfloatsep, 172, 53
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618 INDEX e.tex, 394, 413 EC fonts,
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620 INDEX \exp, 128, 541 \expandaft
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622 INDEX cmr10 (standard), 492 cms
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624 INDEX Gaulle, Bernard, 251 \gcd
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626 INDEX initex, 6, 251, 253, 256,
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628 INDEX L AT E X standard, 351-6
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630 INDEX \mathscr, 284 \mathsf, 13
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632 INDEX \oint, 128, 565 \Omega, 1
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634 INDEX two-column, 38, 51 two-si
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636 INDEX plain page style, 42, 45,
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638 INDEX \rightharpoondown, 127, 5
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640 INDEX slide environment (slides
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642 INDEX column repetition, 96 col
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644 INDEX \texttt, 65, 88, 372, 585
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646 INDEX \varrho, 125, 591 \varsig
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