The life of George Stephenson, railway engineer - Lighthouse ...

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164 LIFE OF GEOEGE STEPHENSON. [chap. xiv. Mr. Stephenson accepted the appointment, his brother Robert acting as resident engineer, and personally superintending the execution of the works. The Hetton Railway extended from the Hetton Colliery, situated about two miles south of Houghton-le-Spring, in the county of Durham, to the shipping-place on the banks of the Wear, near Sunderland. Its length was about eight miles ; and in its course it crossed Warden Law, one of the highest hills in the district. The character of the country forbade the con- struction of a flat line, or one of comparatively easy gradients, except by the expenditure of a much larger capital than was placed at Mr. Stephenson's command. Heavy works could not be executed : it wa.s, therefore, necessary to form the line with but little deviation from the natural conformation of the district which it traversed, and also to adapt the mechanical methods employed for the working of the railway to the character of the gradients, which in some places were necessarily heavy. Although Mr. Stephenson had, with every step made towards its increased utility, become more and more identified with the success of the locomotive engine, he did not allow his enthusiasm to carry him away into costly mistakes. He carefully drew the line between the cases in which the locomotive could be usefully employed, and those in which stationary engines were calculated to be more economical. This led him, as in the instance of the Hetton Railway, to execute lines through and over rough coun- tries, where gradients within the powers of the locomotive engine of that day could not be secured, employing in their stead stationary engines where locomotives were not practicable. In the present case, this course was adopted by him most success- fully. On the original Hetton line, there were five self-acting inclines,—the full wagons drawing the empty ones up,—and two inclines worked by fixed reciprocating engines of sixty-horse power each. The locomotive travelling engine, or " the iron- horse," as the people of the neighbourhood then styled it, did the rest. On the day of the opening pf the Hetton Railway, the 18th of November, 1822, crowds of spectators assembled from all parts to witness the first operations of this ingenious and powerful machinery, which was entirely successful. On that day,
CHAP. XIV.] THK HETTON RAILWAY. 165 five of Stephenson's locomotives were at work upon the railway, under the direction of his brother Robert ; and the first shipment of coal was then made by the Hetton Company, at their new staiths on the Wear. The speed at which the locomotives travelled was about four miles an hour, and each engine dragged after it a train of seventeen wagons, weighing about sixty-four tons. Thus another important practical step was effected towards the more general adoption of the railway system.
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Cornell University Library The orig
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— NOTICES FROM THE ENGLISH PRESS.
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THE LIFE OF GEORGE STEPHENSON, RAIL
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CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. The Village of
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RAILWAY SYSTEM AKD ITS KESULTS. 479
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Boston, 135 WASHiNaios SiEiaa. Maeo
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BY TICKNOR AND FIELDS. NATHANIEL HA
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BY TICKNOB AND FIELDS. HENRY GILES.
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