A glossary of mining and metallurgical terms

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14 A GLOSSARY OF MINING AND Af ETALLURGICAL TERMS. of coal left standing, for the extraction of coal. 3. That side of the hearth of a shaft-furnace which contains the metal-notch. Breast-boards. Planking placed between the last set of timbers and the /flc-eof a gangiray or heading which is in quicksand or loose ground. Breccia. A conglomerate in which the fragments are angular. Breeding-fire. See Gob-fire. Breeze., Eng. Small coke. Probably connected, perhaps inter- changeable, with Braize, and both with the Fr. Braise. Brettis, Derb. A crib of timber filled up with slack or waste. Brettis-way. A road in a coal-mine, supported by brettiscs built on each side after the coal has been worked out. Bridge. See Reverberatory furnace. Bridle-chains. Safety-chains to support a cage if the link between the cage and rope should break. Brightening. See Blick. Broaching -bit. A tool used to restore the dimensions of a bore- hole which has been contracted by the swelling of the marl or clay walls. Brob. A peculiar spike, driven alongside the end of an abutting timber to prevent its slipping. Broil or Broyl, Corn. See Bryle. Broken coal, Penn. See Coal. Bronze. An alloy of copper and tin. Brood, Corn. The heavier kinds of waste in tin and copper ores. Brown coal. See Coal. Browse. Ore imperfectly smelted, mixed with cinder and clay. Briickner cylinder, Pac. A form of revolving roasting furnace. Bryle, Corn. The traces of a vein, in loose matter, on or near the surface. Bucker, Derb. A flat piece of iron with a wooden handle, used for breaking ore. Bucket. The piston of a lifting-pump. Bucking, Derb. See Cobbing. The bucking-hammer or ^/i
A GLOSSARY OF MINING AND METALLURGICAL TERMS. 15 Strictly the huddle is a shallow vat, not a platform or table; at least not in some localities. But general usage, particularly on the Pa- cific slope, makes no distinction. Buggy. A small mine-wagon holding ^ ton to 1 ton of coal. Buhrstone. A quartz rock containing cellules. Buitron, Sp. A furnace of peculiar construction, in which silver ore is reduced. Bulkhead. 1. A tight partition or stopping in a mine for pro- tection against water, fire, or gas. 2. The end of a flume, whence water is carried in iron pipes to hydraulic workings. Bull. See Clay-iron. Bulldog. 1. A refractory material used as furnace-lining, got by calcining mill-cinder, and containing silica and ferric oxide. 2. Penn. See Buckshot-cinder. Bullfrog. See Barney. Bullion. Uncoined gold and silver. Base bullion (Pac), is pig lead containing silver and some gold, which are separated by refining. Bidl-pump, Corn. A direct single-acting pump, the steam cylinder of which is placed over the top of a shaft or slope, and the piston-rod attached to the pump-rods. The steam lifts piston and pump-rods, and the weight of these makes the down-stroke. Bull-wheel. In rope-boring, a wheel on which is wound the rope for hoisting the bit, etc. Bully. A pattern of miners' hammer, varying from " broad-bully" to '''narrow-bully." Bunch of ore, Corn. An ore-body, usually a small one. Bunding. A staging of boards on stulls or stemples, to carry deads. See stull-covering. Buntons, Eng. Battens or scantlings placed horizontally across a shaft, to which are nailed the boards forming the cleuding or sheathing of a brattice. Burden, Corn, 1. The tops or heads of stream-work, which lie over the stream of tin. 2. The proportion of ore and flux to fuel in the charge of a blast-furnace. Burning. See Calcining. Burnt iron. 1. Iron which by long exposure to heat has suffered a change of structure and become brittle. It can be restored by careful forging at welding-heat. 2. In the Bessemer and open- hearth processes, iron which has been exposed to oxidation until all its carbon is gone, and oxide of iron has been formed in the mass. Burr. Solid rock.
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A glossary of mining and metallurgical terms

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