A glossary of mining and metallurgical terms

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74 A GLOSSARY OF MINING AND METALLURGICAL TERMS. will not immediately ignite fire-damp. There are several varieties, invented by Davy, Stephenson, Clanny, and others. Salamander. A mass of solidified material in a furnace hearth j called also a sow and hear. Saline. A salt spring or well ; salt works. Sampson-pod. An upright post which supports the walking-beam, communicating motion from the engine to a deep-boring apparatus. Sand-pump. A cylinder with a valye at the bottom, lowered into a drill-hole from time to time, to take out the accumulated slime resulting from the action of the drill on the rock. Called, also, SheJl-pump and Sludcjer. Seafold. An obstruction in a blast furnace above the tuyeres caused by an accumulation or shelf of pasty, unreduced materials, adherino; to the lining. Seal, Corn. X portion of earth or rock which separates and falls from the main body. Scale. 1. The crust of metallic oxide formed by cooling of hot metals in air. Hammer-scale and roll-scale are the flaky oxides which fall from the bloom, ingot, or bar under hammering or rolling. 2. The incrustation caused in steam-boilers by the evaporation of water containing mineral salts. 3. A scale q/air (Newc.) is a small portion of air abstracted from the main current. Scarcement. A projecting ledge of rock, left in a shaft as footing for a ladder, or to support pit-work, etc. Scarfing. Splicing timbers, so cut that when joined the resulting piece is not thicker at the joint than elsewhere. Schist. Crystalline rock, usually micaceous, having a slaty structure. Schlicker, Germ. The skimmings from molten unrefined lead, containing chiefly copper, iron, and zinc, with a little antimony and arsenic. Schorl. Black tourmaline. Scoria or Scoi'ice. See Slag. Scorifixiotion, A process employed in assaying gold and silver ores, and performed in a shallow clay vessel {scorifier),m which ore, lead, and borax-glass are exposed to heat and oxidation in a muffie. The operation involves roasting, fusion, and scarification proper, or the formation of a slag, which is not, like the litharge produced in cupellafion, absorbed by the vessel. Scotch hearth. A low forge or furnace of cast-iron, with one tuyere,
A GLOaSARY OF MIXING AND METALLURGICAL TERMS. 75 in which rich galena is treated hv a sort of accelerated roasting and reaction process. Scouring cinder. A basic slag, which attacks the lining of a shaft- furnace. Scovan lode, Corn. A lode having no gossan at or near the sur- face. Scraper. A tool for cleaning bore-holes. Screen. A sieve of wire-cloth, grate-bars, or perforated sheet-iron used to sort ore and coal according to size. Stanip-mortars have screens on one or both sides, to determine the fineness of the escaping pulp. Screw-bell. A recovering tool in deep boring, ending below in a hollow screw-threaded cone. Serin or Skrin, Derb. A small subordinate vein. Seam. 1. A stratum or bed of coal or other mineral. 2. Corn. A horse-load. 3. A joint, cleft, or fisi^ii re. Seat, Derb. The floor of a mine. Seed-bag. A bag filled with flaxseed and fastened around the tubing in an artesian well, so as to form, by the swelling of the flaxseed when wet, a water-tight packing, preventing percolation down the sides of the bore-hole from upper to lower strata. When the tubing is pulled up the upper fastening of the bag breaks, and it empties itself, thus presenting no resistance to the extraction of the tubing. Segregate, Pac. To separate the undivided joint ownership of a mining claim into smaller individual "segregated" claims. Segregation. A mineral deposit formed by conceiitration from the adjacent rock. Selvage, or Selfedge. A layer of clay or decomposed rock along a vein-wall. See Gouge. Semi-anthracite. See Coal. Semi-bituminous coal. See Coal. Separator. 1. A machine for separating, with the aid of water or air, materials of different specific gravity. Strictly, a separator parts two or more ingredients, both valuable, while a concentrator saves but one and rejects the rest ; but the terms are often used inter- changeably. 2. Any machine for separating materials, as the mag- netic .'ieparator, for separating magnetite from its gangue. Set or Sett, CoRN. 1. A grant of mining ground, as the a-ssignmcnt of a certain part of a mine under contract or tribute. 2. A frame of timber for supporting excavations.
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A glossary of mining and metallurgical terms

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