A glossary of mining and metallurgical terms

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64 A GLOSSARY OF MIXING AND METALLURGICAL TERMS. also, the amalgamation floor, or the Spanish process itself of amal- gamating silver ores on an open floor. Pattinmn process. A process in which lead containing silver is passed through a series of melting-kettles, in each of which crystals of a poorer alloy are deposited, while the fluid bath, ladled from one kettle to the next, is proportionately richer in silver. In mechanical pattinsonation the operation is performed in a cylindrical vessel, in which the hath is stirred mechanically, and from which, as the richer alloy crystallizes, the poorer liquid is repeatedly drained out. Steam pattinsonation is a variety of the Pattinmn process, in which steam is conducted through the lead i)ath to assist the refining^. Pavement. The fioor of a mine. Pay-streah. The zone in a vein which carries the profitable or pay ore. Peach, Corn. Chlorite. Pea-coal, Penn. See Coal. Percussion-table. An inclined table, agitated by a series of shocks, and operating at the same time like a bmldle. It may be madeself- discharo-ino; and continuous bv substituting for the table an endless rubber cloth, slowly moving against the current of water, as in the Frue vanner. Pernot furnace or Post-Pernot furnace. A reverberator y pud- dling or smelting furnace, having a circular, inclined, revolving hearth. Pershbecher furnace. A continuously working shaft-furnace for roasting quicksilver ores, having two fire-places at opposite sides. The fuel is wood. Pertinencia, Sp. The extent of a mining location in Mexico, to which a title is acquired by denunciation. Peter or peter out. To fail gradually in size, quantity, or quality. Pewter. An alloy of tin and lead. Other metals are often added, or the lead is replaced entirely with copper, zinc, antimony, etc. Pick. A pick-axe with one or two i)oints. The usual miners' pick has but one. Picker or Poker. A hand chisel for dzhuing, held in one iiand and struck with a hammer. Pick-hammer. A iiammcr with a point, used in cobbing. Picklinc/. Cleaning sheet-iron or wire by immersion in acid. Pig. An ingot or cast bar of metal. See Pig-iron. Pig-iron. Crude cast-iron from the blast furnace. When the furnace is tapped the molten iron flows down a runner moulded in
A GLOSSARY OF MINING AND METALLURGICAL TERMS. 65 sand, from whicli it enters the sows or lateral runners, flowing from these again into the pig-heds, the separate parallel moulds of which form the pigs. In each bed the ingots lie against the sow likesuek- ling pigs, whence the two names. See Iron. Mine-pk/ is pig-iron made from ores only ; forge or mill-cinder. Pike. See Pick. Piking. See Cobbing. cinder-pig, {"rom ores with admixture of some Pile. 1. The fagof or bundle of fiat pieces of iron prepared to be heated to welding-heat and then rolled. 2. To make up into piles or fagots. 3. Piles are long thick laths, etc., answering in shafts, in loose or " quick " ground, the same purpose as spills iu levels, piles being driven vertically. Pillar-and-sUdl. See Pnsf-and-sfall. Pilz furnace. A circular or octagonal shaft-furnace, maintaining or increasing its diameter towards the top, and having several fay- eres ; used in smelting lead-ores. Pinch, Corn. To contract in width. Pink ash, Peistn. See Coal. Pipe or Pipe-vein, Derb. An ore-body of elongated form. Pipe-clay, U. S. A fine clay found in hydraulic mines. Pipe-ore. Iron ore (limonite) in vertical pillars, sometimes of conical, sometimes of hour-glass form, imbedded in clay. Probably formed by the union of stalactites and stalagmites in caverns. Piping. ]. Pac. See Hydraidicking. 2. The tubular depres- sion caused by contraction during cooling, on the top of iron or steel ingots. Pit. 1. A shaft. 2. A stack or meiler of wood, prejiared for the manufacture of charcoal. Pitch, Corn. 1. The limits of the set to tributers. 2. The in- clination of a vein, or of the longer axis of an ore-body. Pitch-bag, Corn. A bag covered with pitch, in which powder is inclosed for charging damp holes. Pit-coal. See Coal. Pit-eye, Eng. The bottom of the shaft of a coal-mine; also the junction of a shaft and a level. Pitrcye pillar. A barrier of coal left around a shaft to protect it from caving. Pit-frame. The framework carrying tiie pit-pulley. Pitman. 1. CoRN. A man employed to examine the lifts of pumps and the drainage. 2. Xewc. A working miner.
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A glossary of mining and metallurgical terms

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