A glossary of mining and metallurgical terms

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54 A GLOSSARY OF MINING AND METALLURGICAL TERMS. bered in their order below the adit or drainage level, if there be one, LcwLs. An iron instrument for raising heavy blocks of stone. Ley, Sp. Proportion of metal in the ore; fineness of bullion; also, an alloy or base metal. Lid. A flat piece of wood placed between the end of a prop or stempel and the rock. Lifters, Corn. The wooden beams used as stems for stamps in old- fashioned stamp-mills. Lift-hammer. See Tilt-hcmimer. Ufting-dog. A claw-hook for grasping a column of bore-rods while raising or lowering them. Lignite. See (JoaJ. Limp. An instrument for striking the refuse from the sieve in washing ores. Lining, Xewc. See Dialling. Linnets, Derb. Oxidized lead-ores. Liquation. See Eliquation. Litharge. Protoxide of lead. Lithofracteur . See Explosives. Little Giant. A jointed iron nozzle used in hydraulic raining. Li.viviation. The separation of a soluble from an insoluble mate- rial by means of washing with a solvent. Location. 1. The act of fixing the boundaries of a mining claim, according to law. 2. The claim itself Loam.. An iraj)ure potter's clay, containing mica or iron ochre. Loch, Derb. and Wales. See Vug. Jjock-timber. An old plan of putting in stall-pieces in Cornwall and Devon. The jiieces were called lock-pieces. Lode, Corn. Strictly a fissure in the country-rock filled with mineral ; usually applied to metalliferous lodes. In general miner's usage, a lode, rein, or ledge is a tabular deposit of valuable mineral between definite boundaries. Whether it be a fissure formation or not is not always known, and does not affect the legal title under the United States federal and local statutes and customs relative to lodes. But it must not be a placer, /. e., it must consist of quartz or other rock in place, and bearing valuable mineral. Lodge, Wales. See Piatt. Log, S. Staff. A balance-weight near the end of the luMsting- rope of a shaft to prevent its running back over the pulley. Longmaid process. See Henderson process. Long torn,, Pac. A kind of gold-washing cradle.
A GLOSSARY OP MINIXG AND MKTA LLURGICAI. TERMS. 55 Lon(/-iral/. A method of coal minini^ by wliieli the whole seam is taken out as the working faces progress, ami the roof is allowed to fall behind the workers, except where passages must be kept open, or where the gob being packed in the space formerly occupied by the coal, prevents caving. According as the work of extraction begins at the boundary of the ivinnliig, and converges back to the shaft, or begins with the coal nearest the shaft and proceeds outward to the boundaries, it is called long-wall retreating or long-wall advancing. Loob or loobs, Corn. The clayey or slimy portion washed out of tin-ore in dressing. Loop. See Loup. Loop-drag. An eye at the end of a rod through which tow is passed for cleaning bore-holes. Loose-end. A gang\my in long-wall working, driven so that one side is solid ground while the other opens upon old workings. See Fast-end. Lorry. A hand-car used on mine tramways. Lost level, Cony.. " Level " is " lost " when a gallery has been driven with an unnecessarily great departure from the horizontal. Loup. The pasty mass of iron produced in a bloomary or pud- dling furnace. See Puddle-ball. Lowe, Newc. a light. A " piece of lovve " is part of a candle. Luckhart furnace. A continuously working shaft-furnace for roast- ing quicksilver ores, having the fireplace in the shaft at the bottom, protected by a cast-iron roof. The fuel is wood. Lum. A chimney over an upcast pit. Lump-coal, Penn. See Coal. Lurmann front. An ari-angeraent of water-cooled castings through which iron and cinder are tapped from the blast furnace, thus avoid- ing the use of a forehearth. See Closed front. Lying-wall. See Foot-ioall. Machine-whha. A rotary steam-engine for winding. Magistral, Sp. A powder of roasted copper pyrites, used in the amalgamation of silver ores. Main-rod, CoRN. See Pump-rod. Mainway. A gangway or principal passage. Makings, Newc. The small coals hewn out in kii-ving. Malleable castings. Small iron castings made malleable by "an- nealing" oi- decarburizing by cementation in powdered hematite or other oxide of iron.
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A glossary of mining and metallurgical terms

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