THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Eric Snively A ... - Ohio University

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$Introduction to Numerical Math and Matlab ... - Ohio University$

Figure 2.7. Left MT III of Tyrannosaurus rex (LACM 7244/23844), in anterior view. Features notable in this view include: the high proximal edge of the ginglymus; deep and inclined flexor insertion; a medial deflection rncirking the distal attachment with MT II; attenuation of the shaft; and a complex re- expansion of the rnetatarsal where it articulates proximally with MT II and MT IV. In this specimen, part of the distal artiwlar facet for MT IV is visible in anterior view. The inset shows the region of proximal articulations in proximal view, revealing the hooked or crescentic morphology d this part of the bone.
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Functiona
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Many figures in this thesis use col
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ACKNOWLEûGEM ENTS Many friends and
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Approval page Acknowledgements Tabi
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CONCLUDING COMMENTS Figures for Cha
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CHAPTER 5: Mechanical and phylogene
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 .l. Phylog
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Figure 3.6. Osteological correlates
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AMNH GI HMN IVPP MOR NMC OMNH PIN P
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and constructional morphology revea
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1985, Bryant and Seymour 1990). If
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surfaces of a Tyrannosaurus rex spe
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3. Troodontidae (Figure 1.2): Trwdo
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Hypothesized functions of the tyran
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1. Atomization (Chapters 2 and 3).
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Figure 1.1. P hylogenetic diagram o
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Figure 1.2. Phylogenetic diagram of
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Figure 1 .S. Skeletal restorations
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did not quantify the degree of prox
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qualitative debate over arctometata
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This hypothesis focuses on tyrannos
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Table 2.1. Theropod and Plafeosauru
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specimens in the figures reflects a
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Page 60 and 61: Table 2.3: Log-transformed values f
Page 62 and 63: experiences a sharp laterally indin
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Page 68 and 69: ) Shaf€ and region of proximal ar
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Page 72 and 73: ) Shaft and region of proximal arti
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Page 76 and 77: Table 2.4b Variancelmeasurement eac
Page 78 and 79: the largest sum of linear measureme
Page 80 and 81: Table 2.5: Specimen statistics Herr
Page 82 and 83: and Sinraptor dongi specimens. With
Page 84 and 85: In addition, a hook like proximal a
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Page 88 and 89: 1s the MT 111 shape segregation fun
Page 90 and 91: tyrannosaurids, ornithomimid, and t
Page 92 and 93: proximal constriction, white EImisa
Page 95: Figure 2.2. Tyrannosaurid, trwdonti
Page 99: Figure 2.4. Dromaeosaurid and carno
Page 102 and 103: - Anterior (flexor) surface medial
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Page 116 and 117: egion of proximal articulations pro
Page 118 and 119: eg ion of proximal proximal expansi
Page 120 and 121: egion of proximal articulations - r
Page 122 and 123: Component I Score
Page 125 and 126: Figure 2.17. Plot of third metatars
Page 127: Figure 2.1 8. Plot of third metatar
Page 130 and 131: Component 1 Score
Page 132 and 133: locomotor efficiency and decreases
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Page 136 and 137: Taxon (arctometatarsus*) Specimen n
Page 138 and 139: proximal end. This was repeated wit
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Page 142 and 143: The metal frame caused diffraction
Page 144 and 145: RESULTS lntemetatarsal movement 1.
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Page 148 and 149: Prox.: MT III-II:II P~ox.: MT III-I
Page 150 and 151: Kinematic mode1 of the tyrannosauri
Page 152 and 153: part of MT III and its ligaments as
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Tensionat keystone dynarnics may ex
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Chapter 2 aIso outlines metatarsus
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of other theropods, and yet allowed
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Figure 3.2. Freedom of intermetatar
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Figure 3.4. Freedom of intermetatar
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Figure 3.10. Step sequence of Gorgo
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Figure 3.12. CT reconstructions of
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Figure 3.14. Torsional loading tran
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Lu- dorsal 81igarnents
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CHAPTER 4: Finite element model of
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forces are applied to nodes on the
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Material and Ioading regimes of fhe
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Two analyses were fun in order to t
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Dunng Iinear progression when an an
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This quantity approximates the vert
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to its right foot to prepare for a
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elements in the finite element rnes
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Table 4.1. Material properties of b
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Photoshop 3 for Macintosh, to ensur
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this program. NUAGES typically foun
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1) Informative strain results versu
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of strain energy evident in Figure
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Specifically, osteological correlat
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custiioned the rnetatarsals against
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Figure 4.2. Initial loads and bound
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Figure 4.4. Simplified representati
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Figure 4.6. Strain distribution in
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The analyses of the Gorgosaurus Iib
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individual organs with ideally effi
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These considerations of ligament mo
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The precise scaling of metatarsal l
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tenable from the available evidence
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equivalent horsepower, 15 economy c
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Other aptations refiect multiple fu
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This and other systernatically info
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(Russell 1975, McGregor 2000). Meta
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was the default developmental patte
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Arnong dromaeosaurids and birds, th
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hypothesis. Fossil evidence of basa
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suggestive of grasping ability. Neo
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available evidence without propriet
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Figure 5.1. Phylogeny of the Therop
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LITERTURE ClTED Alexander R.M. 1977
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Carter D.R., Fyhrie, D.P., and Whal
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Galton P.M. 1982. Elaphrosaurus, an
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Hutchinson J.R., Stidham T.A., Sniv
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Novas F.E. 1993. New information on
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Stein B.R. and Casinos 1997. What i
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APPENDIX Principal Components Analy
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highest degree, and so on. Specimen
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Eric Snively A ... - Ohio University

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