THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Eric Snively A ... - Ohio University

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$Introduction to Numerical Math and Matlab ... - Ohio University$

Figure 2.19. Plot of third metatarsa1 specimens along PC1 and PC2 axes, highlighting the positions of Eiaphrosaurus, Herrerasaurus and Plateosaurus. Symbols conforni to the legend in Figure 2.15. The extremely low PC2 value for Plateosaurus indicates that is is the most robust metatarsal in the sample.
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Functiona
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Many figures in this thesis use col
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ACKNOWLEûGEM ENTS Many friends and
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Approval page Acknowledgements Tabi
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CONCLUDING COMMENTS Figures for Cha
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CHAPTER 5: Mechanical and phylogene
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 .l. Phylog
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Figure 3.6. Osteological correlates
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AMNH GI HMN IVPP MOR NMC OMNH PIN P
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and constructional morphology revea
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1985, Bryant and Seymour 1990). If
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surfaces of a Tyrannosaurus rex spe
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3. Troodontidae (Figure 1.2): Trwdo
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Hypothesized functions of the tyran
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1. Atomization (Chapters 2 and 3).
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Figure 1.1. P hylogenetic diagram o
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Figure 1.2. Phylogenetic diagram of
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Figure 1 .S. Skeletal restorations
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did not quantify the degree of prox
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qualitative debate over arctometata
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This hypothesis focuses on tyrannos
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Table 2.1. Theropod and Plafeosauru
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specimens in the figures reflects a
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were not attempted. While this limi
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Chapter 3). 1 now address variation
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- Ç6'P 1 68'€tr 1 L'OC 99'66 L'9
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Table 2.3: Log-transformed values f
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experiences a sharp laterally indin
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ecause it can be cursorily dassifie
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arctometatarsalian specimens, the l
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) Shaf€ and region of proximal ar
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a) Ginglymus. Figure 2.14 shows the
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) Shaft and region of proximal arti
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measurements of width pV2S%TU-DE an
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Table 2.4b Variancelmeasurement eac
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Page 80 and 81: Table 2.5: Specimen statistics Herr
Page 82 and 83: and Sinraptor dongi specimens. With
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Page 88 and 89: 1s the MT 111 shape segregation fun
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Page 95: Figure 2.2. Tyrannosaurid, trwdonti
Page 99: Figure 2.4. Dromaeosaurid and carno
Page 102 and 103: - Anterior (flexor) surface medial
Page 105 and 106: Figure 2.7. Left MT III of Tyrannos
Page 107 and 108: Figure 2.8. Left MT III of Gorgosau
Page 109 and 110: Figure 2.9. Left MT III of an omith
Page 111 and 112: Figure 2.10. Left metatarsus of Tmd
Page 113 and 114: Figure 2.1 1. Left MT III of Elmisa
Page 115 and 116: Figure 2.12. Right MT III of Deinon
Page 117 and 118: Figure 2.13. Left MT III of Allosau
Page 119 and 120: Figure 2.14. Left metatarsus of Sin
Page 121 and 122: Figure 2.15. Plots of MT Ill specir
Page 123: Figure 2.16. Plot of third metatars
Page 126 and 127: tv . ... . Ri. . . .
Page 130 and 131: Component 1 Score
Page 132 and 133: locomotor efficiency and decreases
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Page 136 and 137: Taxon (arctometatarsus*) Specimen n
Page 138 and 139: proximal end. This was repeated wit
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Page 142 and 143: The metal frame caused diffraction
Page 144 and 145: RESULTS lntemetatarsal movement 1.
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Page 148 and 149: Prox.: MT III-II:II P~ox.: MT III-I
Page 150 and 151: Kinematic mode1 of the tyrannosauri
Page 152 and 153: part of MT III and its ligaments as
Page 154 and 155: Tensionat keystone dynarnics may ex
Page 156 and 157: Chapter 2 aIso outlines metatarsus
Page 158 and 159: of other theropods, and yet allowed
Page 161: Figure 3.2. Freedom of intermetatar
Page 165: Figure 3.4. Freedom of intermetatar
Page 169: Figure 3.6. Osteological correlates
Page 173: Figure 3.8. Osteological correlates
Page 177: Figure 3.10. Step sequence of Gorgo
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Figure 3.12. CT reconstructions of
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Figure 3.14. Torsional loading tran
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Lu- dorsal 81igarnents
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CHAPTER 4: Finite element model of
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forces are applied to nodes on the
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Material and Ioading regimes of fhe
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Two analyses were fun in order to t
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Dunng Iinear progression when an an
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This quantity approximates the vert
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to its right foot to prepare for a
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elements in the finite element rnes
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Table 4.1. Material properties of b
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Photoshop 3 for Macintosh, to ensur
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this program. NUAGES typically foun
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1) Informative strain results versu
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of strain energy evident in Figure
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Specifically, osteological correlat
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custiioned the rnetatarsals against
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Figure 4.2. Initial loads and bound
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Figure 4.4. Simplified representati
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Figure 4.6. Strain distribution in
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The analyses of the Gorgosaurus Iib
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individual organs with ideally effi
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These considerations of ligament mo
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The precise scaling of metatarsal l
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tenable from the available evidence
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equivalent horsepower, 15 economy c
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Other aptations refiect multiple fu
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This and other systernatically info
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(Russell 1975, McGregor 2000). Meta
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was the default developmental patte
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Arnong dromaeosaurids and birds, th
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hypothesis. Fossil evidence of basa
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suggestive of grasping ability. Neo
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available evidence without propriet
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Figure 5.1. Phylogeny of the Therop
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LITERTURE ClTED Alexander R.M. 1977
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Carter D.R., Fyhrie, D.P., and Whal
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Galton P.M. 1982. Elaphrosaurus, an
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Hutchinson J.R., Stidham T.A., Sniv
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Novas F.E. 1993. New information on
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Stein B.R. and Casinos 1997. What i
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APPENDIX Principal Components Analy
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highest degree, and so on. Specimen
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Eric Snively A ... - Ohio University

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