THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Eric Snively A ... - Ohio University

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$Introduction to Numerical Math and Matlab ... - Ohio University$

Figure 3.15. Anatorny of the equid carpus (al1 images after Sisson and Grossman 1953). a. Lateral view of left horse carpus, with pisiform (accessory carpal) to the fight. This view shows the striking interiocking wedge arrangement of the proximal intemediate carpal (Ci) and the distal third and fourth carpals (C3 and C4). b. Anterior view of left horse carpus, showing wedge like articulations between carpals and dorsal ligaments connecting them. c. Frontal section in anterior view of right horse carpus. lnterosseous ligaments are present between the radial, intermediate, and ulnar carpals (Cr, Ci, and Cu)
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Functiona
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Many figures in this thesis use col
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ACKNOWLEûGEM ENTS Many friends and
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Approval page Acknowledgements Tabi
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CONCLUDING COMMENTS Figures for Cha
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CHAPTER 5: Mechanical and phylogene
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 .l. Phylog
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Figure 3.6. Osteological correlates
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AMNH GI HMN IVPP MOR NMC OMNH PIN P
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and constructional morphology revea
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1985, Bryant and Seymour 1990). If
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surfaces of a Tyrannosaurus rex spe
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3. Troodontidae (Figure 1.2): Trwdo
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Hypothesized functions of the tyran
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1. Atomization (Chapters 2 and 3).
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Figure 1.1. P hylogenetic diagram o
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Figure 1.2. Phylogenetic diagram of
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Figure 1 .S. Skeletal restorations
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did not quantify the degree of prox
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qualitative debate over arctometata
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This hypothesis focuses on tyrannos
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Table 2.1. Theropod and Plafeosauru
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specimens in the figures reflects a
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were not attempted. While this limi
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Chapter 3). 1 now address variation
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- Ç6'P 1 68'€tr 1 L'OC 99'66 L'9
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Table 2.3: Log-transformed values f
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experiences a sharp laterally indin
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ecause it can be cursorily dassifie
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arctometatarsalian specimens, the l
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) Shaf€ and region of proximal ar
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a) Ginglymus. Figure 2.14 shows the
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) Shaft and region of proximal arti
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measurements of width pV2S%TU-DE an
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Table 2.4b Variancelmeasurement eac
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the largest sum of linear measureme
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Table 2.5: Specimen statistics Herr
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and Sinraptor dongi specimens. With
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In addition, a hook like proximal a
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oth physical narrowing and elongati
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1s the MT 111 shape segregation fun
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tyrannosaurids, ornithomimid, and t
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proximal constriction, white EImisa
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Figure 2.2. Tyrannosaurid, trwdonti
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Figure 2.4. Dromaeosaurid and carno
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- Anterior (flexor) surface medial
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Figure 2.7. Left MT III of Tyrannos
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Figure 2.8. Left MT III of Gorgosau
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Figure 2.9. Left MT III of an omith
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Figure 2.10. Left metatarsus of Tmd
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Figure 2.1 1. Left MT III of Elmisa
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Figure 2.12. Right MT III of Deinon
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Figure 2.13. Left MT III of Allosau
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Figure 2.14. Left metatarsus of Sin
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Figure 2.15. Plots of MT Ill specir
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Figure 2.16. Plot of third metatars
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tv . ... . Ri. . . .
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Figure 2.19. Plot of third metatars
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CHAPTER 3: Tensile keystone model o
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dynamically transmitted Iommotor fo
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Table 3.1 . Metatarsi examined in t
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interrnetatarsal dynamics in these
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Page 151 and 152: 4) Forces from anterior displacerne
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Page 163: Figure 3.3. CT reconstruction of ri
Page 167: Figure 3.5. MT II (left element) an
Page 171: Figure 3.7. Osteological correlates
Page 175: Figure 3.9. Osteological correlates
Page 179: Figure 3.1 1 ae. The metatarsal rec
Page 187: Figure 3.13. Ligament contribution
Page 192 and 193: Lu- dorsal 81igarnents
Page 195 and 196: CHAPTER 4: Finite element model of
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Page 199 and 200: Material and Ioading regimes of fhe
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Page 211 and 212: Table 4.1. Material properties of b
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Page 221 and 222: Specifically, osteological correlat
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These considerations of ligament mo
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The precise scaling of metatarsal l
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tenable from the available evidence
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equivalent horsepower, 15 economy c
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Other aptations refiect multiple fu
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This and other systernatically info
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(Russell 1975, McGregor 2000). Meta
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was the default developmental patte
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Arnong dromaeosaurids and birds, th
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hypothesis. Fossil evidence of basa
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suggestive of grasping ability. Neo
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available evidence without propriet
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Figure 5.1. Phylogeny of the Therop
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LITERTURE ClTED Alexander R.M. 1977
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Carter D.R., Fyhrie, D.P., and Whal
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Galton P.M. 1982. Elaphrosaurus, an
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Hutchinson J.R., Stidham T.A., Sniv
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Novas F.E. 1993. New information on
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Stein B.R. and Casinos 1997. What i
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APPENDIX Principal Components Analy
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highest degree, and so on. Specimen
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Eric Snively A ... - Ohio University

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