THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Eric Snively A ... - Ohio University

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$Introduction to Numerical Math and Matlab ... - Ohio University$

Figure 2.2. Tyrannosaurid, trwdontid, and ornithomirnid third metatarsals employed in description and Principal Components Analysis. Specimens are pictured in the order they are mentioned in the text. Scale bar=lO cm. a. Tyrannosaurus rex (left; LACM724423844). b. Tyrannosaurus rex (right; MOR 555). c. Albedosaunrs sarcophagus (right pes; TMP 81.1 0.1 ). d. Albertosaums sacophagus (left pes; TMP 86.64.1 ). e. Troodon brmosus (left pes; MOR). f. cf. Ornithomimidae. (Ieft; TMP 87.54.1 ).
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Functiona
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Many figures in this thesis use col
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ACKNOWLEûGEM ENTS Many friends and
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Approval page Acknowledgements Tabi
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CONCLUDING COMMENTS Figures for Cha
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CHAPTER 5: Mechanical and phylogene
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 .l. Phylog
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Figure 3.6. Osteological correlates
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AMNH GI HMN IVPP MOR NMC OMNH PIN P
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and constructional morphology revea
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1985, Bryant and Seymour 1990). If
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surfaces of a Tyrannosaurus rex spe
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3. Troodontidae (Figure 1.2): Trwdo
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Hypothesized functions of the tyran
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1. Atomization (Chapters 2 and 3).
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Figure 1.1. P hylogenetic diagram o
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Figure 1.2. Phylogenetic diagram of
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Figure 1 .S. Skeletal restorations
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Page 50 and 51: Table 2.1. Theropod and Plafeosauru
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Page 54 and 55: were not attempted. While this limi
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Page 60 and 61: Table 2.3: Log-transformed values f
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Page 72 and 73: ) Shaft and region of proximal arti
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Page 76 and 77: Table 2.4b Variancelmeasurement eac
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Page 80 and 81: Table 2.5: Specimen statistics Herr
Page 82 and 83: and Sinraptor dongi specimens. With
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Page 101 and 102: Figure 2.5. Relative directional an
Page 103: Figure 2.6. Template for PCA measur
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Page 108 and 109: proximal hook: lateral defiection p
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Page 112 and 113: vertical MT II articulation - proxi
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Page 116 and 117: egion of proximal articulations pro
Page 118 and 119: eg ion of proximal proximal expansi
Page 120 and 121: egion of proximal articulations - r
Page 122 and 123: Component I Score
Page 125 and 126: Figure 2.17. Plot of third metatars
Page 127: Figure 2.1 8. Plot of third metatar
Page 130 and 131: Component 1 Score
Page 132 and 133: locomotor efficiency and decreases
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Page 136 and 137: Taxon (arctometatarsus*) Specimen n
Page 138 and 139: proximal end. This was repeated wit
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RESULTS lntemetatarsal movement 1.
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tyrannosaurids (Figure 3.5), but ar
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Prox.: MT III-II:II P~ox.: MT III-I
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Kinematic mode1 of the tyrannosauri
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part of MT III and its ligaments as
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Tensionat keystone dynarnics may ex
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Chapter 2 aIso outlines metatarsus
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of other theropods, and yet allowed
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Figure 3.2. Freedom of intermetatar
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Figure 3.4. Freedom of intermetatar
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Figure 3.10. Step sequence of Gorgo
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Figure 3.12. CT reconstructions of
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Figure 3.14. Torsional loading tran
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Lu- dorsal 81igarnents
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CHAPTER 4: Finite element model of
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forces are applied to nodes on the
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Material and Ioading regimes of fhe
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Two analyses were fun in order to t
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Dunng Iinear progression when an an
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This quantity approximates the vert
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to its right foot to prepare for a
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elements in the finite element rnes
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Table 4.1. Material properties of b
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Photoshop 3 for Macintosh, to ensur
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this program. NUAGES typically foun
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1) Informative strain results versu
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of strain energy evident in Figure
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Specifically, osteological correlat
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custiioned the rnetatarsals against
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Figure 4.2. Initial loads and bound
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Figure 4.4. Simplified representati
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Figure 4.6. Strain distribution in
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The analyses of the Gorgosaurus Iib
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individual organs with ideally effi
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These considerations of ligament mo
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The precise scaling of metatarsal l
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tenable from the available evidence
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equivalent horsepower, 15 economy c
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Other aptations refiect multiple fu
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This and other systernatically info
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(Russell 1975, McGregor 2000). Meta
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was the default developmental patte
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Arnong dromaeosaurids and birds, th
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hypothesis. Fossil evidence of basa
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suggestive of grasping ability. Neo
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available evidence without propriet
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Figure 5.1. Phylogeny of the Therop
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LITERTURE ClTED Alexander R.M. 1977
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Carter D.R., Fyhrie, D.P., and Whal
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Galton P.M. 1982. Elaphrosaurus, an
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Hutchinson J.R., Stidham T.A., Sniv
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Novas F.E. 1993. New information on
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Stein B.R. and Casinos 1997. What i
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APPENDIX Principal Components Analy
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highest degree, and so on. Specimen
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THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Eric Snively A ... - Ohio University

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