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The author of Scurriini is Lindberg, 1 988, and
not Thiem, 1 91 7, who established "Scurrilden"
a German vernacular name published after
1900, and thus not an available name.
The author of the name Facelininae is not
Vayssière, 1888, because when Bergh es-
tablished it in the Latin form, he did not refer
to the French vernacular "Facelinidés" of
Vayssière, and the name is now universally
attributed to Bergh, 1889.
The name Titiscaniidae is universally attributed
to Bergh, 1890, who established it as
the German vernacular "Die Titiscanien, eine
Familie der rhipidoglossen Gasteropoden",
although it was first latinized by Thiele, 1 891
The major difficulty in the application of this
paragraph concerns names introduced
mostly by French authors between 1800 and
1830. For example, Lamarck, Férussac, and
NOMENCLÁTOR OF GASTROPOD FAMILIES
Latreille, created numerous names in ver-
nacular form that were often latinized by their
translators and/or followers, notably Menke,
Children, and Bowdich. Although many of
these names are now accepted as valid in
current classifications, there is no "generally
accepted" usage regarding their authorship.
One of the reasons contributing to this lack
of established consensus is that many trea-
tises and textbooks of malacology deliberately
omit authorship for family-group names.
For that reason, different authors have in-
terpreted Article 11.7.2 of the Code differ-
ently, a situation that perpetuated the lack
of consensus.
(5) Description/Diagnosis.
Since the 1960editionof the Code, Art. 13.1
requires that:
"To be available, every new name published
after 1 930 [...] must
1 3. 1 . 1 . be
accompanied by a description or
definition that states in words characters that
are purported to differentiate the taxon, or
13.1.2. be accompanied by a bibliographic
reference to such a published statement [...]".
Applicability of this rule to family-group
names established after 1960 is unambiguous.
Conversely, its application to names
published after 1930 and before 1961 was,
under the 1 ''', 2"'^ and 3'^* editions of the Code,
controversial (Bock, 1994). To leave some
flexibility on this issue, the 4th edition of the
Code now allows that: "A family-group name
first published after 1930 and before 1961
which does not satisfy the provisions of Ar-
ticle 13.1 is available from its original publication
only if it was used as valid before
2000, and also was not rejected by an author
who, after 1960 and before 2000, expressly
applied Article 13 of the current
editions of the Code" [Art. 13.2.1].
To summarize:
- before 1931: description or definition not
necessary;
- after 1 930 and before 1 961 :
description or
definition necessary, with exceptions ruled
by Art. 13.2.1;
- after 1960: description or definition neces-
sary, without exception.
Examples:
Knight (1956) introduced numerous family
group names without a description and justified
his action by the following sentence:
"Since the full systematic treatment and full
diagnoses of these taxa will appear within
the year and since diagnoses are not requi-
site for validity of familial names, though recommended,
they are omitted here". Thus, it
was not by oversight or deliberate ignorance
of the rules of nomenclature that Knight decided
not to give any description. The name
Euphemitinae Knight, 1 956, established with-
out a description or definition, is now in current
use and aftributed to Knight, 1956, and
not to Knight, Batten & Yochelson, 1 960, who
ftrst gave a diagnosis. Euphemitinae Knight,
1956, is available under Art. 13.2.1.
Because the name Bertheliniinae was estab-
lished by Beets, 1949, without a description
or definition, it was regarded as unavailable
from this original publication by Le Renard
étal. (1996) under Art. 13a of the 3rd edition
of the Code then in force. Bertheliniinae
Beets, 1949, is not an available name, but
Bertheliniinae Keen & Smith, 1961, is avail-
able because these authors provided a di-
agnosis.
The name Microdisculidae was established
by Iredale & McMichael, 1962, without a
description or definition, and a description
or definition has not been published subsequently
by any author. Microdisculidae is not
an available name.
Because the name Distorsioninae was established
by Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1 971
without a description or definition, it is un-
available from that publication. Distorsioninae
is available from Beu, 1981, who
published a diagnosis.
(6) Conditional proposal.
"A new name or nomenclatural act proposed
conditionally and published after 1960 is not
thereby made available" [Art. 15.1].