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240 BOUCHET&ROCROI Part 2. WORKING CLASSIFICATION OF THE GASTROPODA Purpose, Rationale and Conventions Historically, the purpose of classifications had primarily been to organize the 1,000's, and later 1 0,000's and 1 00,000's names (fossils included), in a hierarchical system where they could be found and retrieved. Later, it has been accepted that classifications should reflect the evolutionary history of phyla, so that biological and ecological attributes and prop- erties could be predicted for a taxon from its position in the classification based on mor- phological and/or molecular characters. Classifications currently used by malacologists are often hybrids of different schools and traditions, with the working classification presented below no exception. There is currently much debate in the scien- tific community on biological classifications, with controversed issues on ranks and hierar- chy. The present work is not the place to enter this theoretical debate. In a very pragmatic approach, we have attempted to reconcile recent advances in the phylogeny of the Gastropoda, using unranked clades above superfamilies, and the more traditional approach, using hierarchical ranking below superfamily. which may give an impression of a well-resolved analysis of that family. This is often not the case, but the alternative would have been to treat all included names as synonyms. As it is easier to lump than to split, we have chosen to present highly dissected classifications when these represent a state-of-the-art that has not been recently re-evaluated. We want to emphasize that these should be seen as hypotheses to be tested, rather than a reftec- tion of detailed knowledge of the families in question. (c) Question Marks We have not used question marks in the classification, even when allocation to a higher category (superfamily/family) is doubtful or when a synonymy is not absolutely certain. We decided to do so because there are various degrees of uncertainty in allocation and synonymy, and we did not want to give the impression that an allocation or a synonymy without a question mark was established beyond doubt. Again, we wish to emphasize that the working classification represents a stateof-the-art and/or an educated guess to be tested. The following conventions have been used: (d) Entirely Extinct Taxa (a) Clade, Group, and Ranking For taxa above the level of superfamily, we have used the word "clade" when recent cla- distic analysis has resulted in recognizing a taxon as monophyletic. We have used the word "group" or "informal group" when monophyly has not been tested, or when the taxon is known to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic, but no other classification has been proposed. We have not used any category, such as suborder, order, superorder, or subclass, for names above the superfamily. The indented table of contents serves the purpose of indi- cating the ranks of these higher taxa. (b) Lumping vs Splitting In many instances, the working classification of a family uses subfamilies and tribes, The sign t before a taxon denotes that all members of that taxon are fossils. (e) Ordering As the phylogeny of clades is usually poorly resolved or even unresolved below superfamily, the families included in a superfamily are listed as follows: first, the nominate family of the superfamily, then all other families by al- phabetical order; the same convention applies to subfamilies within family, and tribes within subfamily. After each valid family-group name, synonyms are presented in chronological order of their establishment, (n.a.) means "not available" and (inv.) means "permanently in- valid". Such names are included in the classification only for the sake of completeness, although in a few instances there is no valid name to attach them to.
WORKING CLASSIFICATION OF THE GASTROPODA 241 Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position within Mollusca (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora)^ Unassigned to superfamily t Family Khairkhaniidae Missarzhevsky, 1989 t Family Ladamarekiidae Fryda, 1998 t Family Metoptomatidae Wenz, 1938 t Family Patelliconidae Fryda, 1998 t Family Protoconchoididae Geyer, 1994^ SPP Archinacelloidea Knight, 1952 t Family Archinacellidae Knight, 1952^ t Family Archaeopragidae Horny, 1963 SPF Pelagielloidea Knight, 1956 [= Orthos- trophina]'* t Family Pelagiellidae Knight, 1956 [= Proeccyliopteridae Kobayashi, 1962 (n.a.); = Protoscaevogyridae Kobayashi, 1962 (n.a.)] t Family Aldanellidae Linsley & Kier, 1984 SPF Scenelloidea S. A. Miller, 1889 t Family ScENELLiDAE S. A. Miller, 1 889 [= Helcionellinae Wenz, 1938; = Hampilininae Kobayashi, 1958; = Securiconidae Missarzhevsky, 1989] t Family Coreospiridae Knight, 1947 [= Archaeospiridae Yu, 1979; = Yangtzespirinae Yu, 1984; = Latouchellidae Golikov & Starobogatov, 1 989] t Family Igarkiellidae Parkhaev, 2001 SPF YocHELCiONELLOiDEA & Jell, 1 976 t Family Yochelcionellidae Runnegar & Jell, 1976 [= Enigmaconidae MacKinnon, 1985] t Family Stenothecidae Runnegar & Jell, 1 980 SF Stenothecinae Runnegar & Jell, 1980 [= Mellopegmidae Missarzhevsky, 1989] SF Watsonellinae Parkhaev, 2001 t Family Trenellidae Parkhaev, 2001 Paleozoic molluscs with isostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position within Mollusca (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora)^ SPF Bellerophontoidea McCoy, 1852*^ t Family Bellerophontidae McCoy, 1852 SF Bellerophontinae McCoy, 1852 [= Liljeval- lospiridae Golikov & Starobogatov, 1989] SF Bucanopsinae Wahlman, 1992 SF Cymbulariinae Horny, 1963 SF Knightitinae Knight, 1956 t Family Bucanellidae Koken, 1925 t Family BucANiiDAE Ulrich & Scofield, 1897 SF BucANiiNAE Ulrich & Scofield, 1897 [= Grandostomatinae Horny, 1962] SF Plectonotinae Boucot & Yochelson, 1 966 T Plectonotini Boucot & Yochelson, 1966 T BoucoTONOTiNi Fryda, 1999 SF Salpingostomatinae Koken, 1925 SF Undulabucaniinae Wahlman, 1992 t Family EuPHEMiTiDAE Knight, 1956 SF EuPHEMiTiNAE Knight, 1956 SF Paleuphemitinae Fryda, 1999 t Family Pterothecidae P. Fischer, 1883 SF Pterothecinae P. Fischer, 1883 SF Carinaropsinae Ulrich & Scofield, 1897 SF Pedasiolinae Wahlman, 1992 t Family SiNuiTiDAE Dall, 191 SF SiNuiTiNAE Dall, 1913 [= Protowarthiidae Ulrich & Scofield, 1897 (inv.)] SF AiPTOspiRiNAEWang, 1980 SF HisPANOSiNuiTiNAE Fryda & Gutierrez-Marco, 1996 t Family Tremanotidae Naef, 1913 t Family Tropidodiscidae Knight, 1 956 [= Temnodiscinae Horny, 1963] Paleozoic molluscs with anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position within Mollusca (Gastropoda?) SPF Euomphaloidea White, 1877^ t Family EuoMPHALiDAE White, 1877 [= Schizostomatidae Bronn, 1849 (inv.); = Euomphalop- teridae Koken, 1896; = Polytropidae Ulrich, 1897 (inv.); = Straparollinae Cossmann, 1916; = Poleumitidae Wenz, 1938]
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|1_0061 Vol. 47(1-2) ^^ Internation
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J.A.ALLEN Marine Biological Station
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First published 2005 by ConchBooks
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2 BOUCHET&ROCROI CONTENTS Abstract
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BOUCHET&ROCROI ABSTRACT About 2,400
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nouns that do not qualify under Art
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8 Example: When establishing the ne
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10 Examples: The stem of the genus
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12 Status of Names in the Officiai
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14 a deep dent in the histogram, th
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16 BOUCHET&ROCROI TABLE 5. Numbers
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18 AcAviNAE Pilsbry, 1895 [2 Februa
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20 Type genus: ^Acteonina d'Orbigny
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22 Type genus: Agriolimax Mörch, 1
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24 Ampezzanildidae Bändel, 1994 [S
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26 borealis had been mislabelled wi
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28 Remarks: Established as a family
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30 Remarks: Original spelling Archi
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32 AsTYLACEACossmann, 1918 [April]
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34 used as valid by Macpherson & Ch
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36 atic description oftlie Britisli
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38 Reference: [in Sitnikova] Zoolog
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40 BuLiMiDAE Hannibal, 1912 [Octobe
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42 Calcarellidae Schaufuss, 1869 Re
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44 Carinariidae Blainville, 1818 Re
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46 Cepolinae Ihering, 1909 Referenc
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48 Cheileidae Macpherson & Chappie,
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50 Chuchlinidae Fryda & Bändel, 19
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52 M. Smith & Heppell (1991 : 45),
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54 CoELOzoNiNAE Knight, 1956 [8 Mar
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56 CoRALLioPHiLiDAE Chenu, 1859 Ref
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58 Crossostomatidae Cox, 1960 [abou
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60 Cyathopomatinae Kobelt & Möllen
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62 Type genus: -tCymbularia Koken,
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64 Fauna of Southern India, Vol. 2,
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66 DiPHYLLiDiiDAE d'Orbigny, 1841 R
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name; maintained under Art. 40.2, w
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70 Elasmonematidae Knight, 1956 [8
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72 Remarks: -oidea [as Eotomacea, i
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74 BOUCHET&ROCROI Remarks: Establis
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76 Falsicingulidae Slavoshevskaya,
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78 Flammulinidae Crosse, 1895 [23 O
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Type genus: Gasírocopía Wollaston
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82 Alder & Hancock, 1855, considere
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84 Gymnocerithiidae Golikov & Staro
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86 leyoconcha] to the neighbourhood
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Hemisininae p. Fischers Crosse, 189
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90 HoRATiiNi D. W. Taylor, 1966 [1
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92 Ildicidae Burn, 1963 [September]
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m BOUCHET&ROCROI Jenneriinae Thiele
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96 Laevapicinae Hannibal, 1912 [29
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98 Lemindidae Griffiths, 1 985 [Jun
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100 LiMNOSTREAE. See Lymnostreae. L
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102 BOUCHET&ROCROI ter specific to
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104 Macroon Pilsbry, 1893 [14 Febru
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106 Type genus: Megalomastoma Swain
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108 Type genus; Merria Gray, 1839 R
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110 MicROTURRiPALAEiNAE . Dybowski
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112 Type genus: Multidentula Lindho
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114 Neilsoniinae Knight, 1956 [8 Ma
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116 Remarks: Established as a subor
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118 Odontostominae Pilsbry & Vanatt
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120 Onchidiopsinae Golikov & Gulbin
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122 Remarks: Original spelling Orth
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124 BOUCHET&ROCROI Paladmetidae Ste
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126 BOUCHET&ROCROI Paramelaniidae J
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128 Type genus: Pedinogyra A\bers,
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130 Type genus: Phaedusa H. Adams &
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132 BOUCHET&ROCROI Physellini D. W.
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134 BOUCHET&ROCROI Platyceratidae J
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136 BOUCHET&ROCROI Pleuroprocta Odh
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138 PoLYPTYxiDAE Pchelintsev, 1965
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140 BOUCHET&ROCROI PoTADOMATiNAE &
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142 Proserpinellidae H. B. Baker, 1
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144 BOUCHET&ROCROI PsEUDOHELiciDAE
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146 BOUCHET&ROCROI Pteraeolidiinae
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148 Type genus: -[Purpurella L. Bel
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150 BOUCHET&ROCROI PvRULiNAESwainso
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152 BOUCHET&ROCROI Type genus; Rhyt
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154 Sarasinulinae Hoffmann, 1925 [2
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156 BOUCHET&ROCROI Type genus: Scol
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158 Type genus: Serrulina Mousson,
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160 BOUCHET&ROCROI Type genus: Sken
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162 Spirovallini Waterhouse, 2001 [
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164 Streptostylini H. B. Baker, 194
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166 BOUCHET&ROCROI Remarks: -inae,
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168 BOUCHET&ROCROI description or i
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170 BOUCHET&ROCROI Sympterus, and D
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172 BOUCHET&ROCROI Typhobia, an inc
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174 BOUCHET&ROCROI TmcLiDAEWinckwor
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176 BOUCHET&ROCROI Trochaclididae T
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178 TuBUAiiNi Cooke & Kondo, 1 961
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180 Remarks: -idae, Iredale & McMic
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182 BOUCHET&ROCROI now in prevailin
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184 BOUCHET&ROCROI VoLUTiLiTHiNAE P
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186 Zaptychiinae Wenz, 1938 [March]
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188 BOUCHET&ROCROI AcLEiopROCTAOdhn
Page 200 and 201: 190 Anaclodonta Macdonald, 1881 [25
Page 202 and 203: 192 Archaeobranchia Parkhaev, 2001
Page 204 and 205: 194 Basiophthalma p. Fischer, 1884
Page 206 and 207: 196 CARYOBRANCHiATAMenke, 1828 Refe
Page 208 and 209: 198 Remarks: Original spelling Klad
Page 210 and 211: 200 BOUCHET&ROCROI Remarks: Establi
Page 212 and 213: 202 Remarks: Division of Taenioglos
Page 214 and 215: 204 BOUCHET&ROCROI EoTOMACEA Ulrich
Page 216 and 217: 206 BOUCHET&ROCROI Gasteromelea May
Page 218 and 219: 208 Haliotoideae Menke, 1828 Refere
Page 220 and 221: 210 BOUCHET&ROCROI Heterostropha p.
Page 222 and 223: 212 BOUCHET&ROCROI Remarks: Name us
Page 224 and 225: 214 BOUCHET&ROCROI Malacodermata p.
Page 228 and 229: 218 BOUCHET&ROCROI OPERcuLATAMenke,
Page 230 and 231: 220 Remarks: Established as a subdi
Page 232 and 233: Philinacea Odhner, 1939 [26 August]
Page 234 and 235: 224 BOUCHET&ROCROI Pleurophthalma p
Page 238 and 239: 228 BOUCHET&ROCROI PuLMONATA Cuvier
Page 240 and 241: 230 BOUCHET&ROCROI Sacoglossa Iheri
Page 246 and 247: 236 BOUCHET&ROCROI ToxiFERA H. Adam
Page 248 and 249: 238 Urbasommatophora J. B. Burch, 1
Page 252 and 253: 242 t Family Helicotomidae Wenz, 19
Page 254 and 255: 244 Family CoccuLiNELLiDAE Moskalev
Page 256 and 257: 246 BOUCHET & ROCROI SPF Nerrhenoid
Page 258 and 259: 248 BOUCHET&ROCROI SPF Cyclophoroid
Page 260 and 261: 250 BOUCHET&ROCROI Clade Littorinim
Page 262 and 263: 252 BOUCHET&ROCROI Family Elachisin
Page 264 and 265: 254 BOUCHET&ROCROI "Group" Ptenoglo
Page 266 and 267: 256 Family TuRBiNELLiDAE Swainson,
Page 268 and 269: 258 t Family Nerinellidae Pchelints
Page 270 and 271: 260 CladeAplysiomorpha [=Anaspidea]
Page 272 and 273: 262 SPF PoLYCEROiDEA &,1845 [= Phan
Page 274 and 275: 264 BioMPHALARiiNi H. Watson, 1954
Page 276 and 277: 266 Informal Group Slgmurethra^^^ S
Page 278 and 279: 268 Iredale, 1942; = Pseudocharopid
Page 280 and 281: 270 SF Helicostylinae Ihering, 1909
Page 282 and 283: 272 and content of superfamilies ba
Page 284 and 285: 274 * Recognition of Proserpinellid
Page 286 and 287: 276 in order to facilitate future d
Page 288 and 289: 278 under Art. 41 of the Code, the
Page 290 and 291: 280 Conversely, Wägele & Willan (2
Page 292 and 293: 282 2^0 Classification after Patter
Page 294 and 295: 284 BOUCHET&ROCROI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Page 296 and 297: 286 BOUCHET&ROCROI ALBERS, J. , 1 8
Page 298 and 299: 288 BOUCHET&ROCROI BAKER, H. ., 192
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290 BOUCHET&ROCROI BARANETZ, . N. &
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292 BOUCHET&ROCROI BERGH, R., 1874a
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294 BOUCHET&ROCROI BOHADSCH, J. .,
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296 BOUCHET & ROCROI CAMBRIDGE, P.,
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298 BOUCHET&ROCROI CONNOLLY, M., 19
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300 BOUCHET&ROCROI DALL, W. H., 187
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302 BOUCHET&ROCROI DESMAYES, G. P.
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304 BOUCHET&ROCROI FEHSE, D., 2001
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306 BOUCHET&ROCROI FISCHER, R & H.
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308 BOUCHET&ROCROI FRYDA, J., 1998c
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310 BOUCHET&ROCROI GLAUBRECHT, M.,
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312 BOUCHET&ROCROI GRAY, J. E., 182
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314 BOUCHET&ROCROI HABE T., 1972 [1
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316 BOUCHET&ROCROI HAUSDORF, ., 200
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318 BOUCHET&ROCROI HOERNES, R., 188
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320 BOUCHET & ROCROI IHERING, H. VO
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322 BOUCHET&ROCROI JENSEN, . R., 19
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324 BOUCHET & ROCROI KILBURN, R. N.
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326 BOUCHET&ROCROI KÖLLIKER, A., 1
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328 BOUCHET&ROCROI LINSLEY, R. M. &
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330 BOUCHET&ROCROI MARSHALL, . A.,
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332 BOUCHET&ROCROI MILNE-EDWARDS, H
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334 BOUCHET & ROCROI MOUTHON, J., 1
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336 BOUCHET&ROCROI ODHNER. N. H., 1
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338 BOUCHET&ROCROI OPINION 735, 196
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340 (continued) Livraison BOUCHET&R
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342 BOUCHET&ROCROI pavía, g. & E.
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344 BOUCHET&ROCROI PILSBRY H A 1892
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346 BOUCHET&ROCROI Published in par
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348 BOUCHET&ROCROI PRIETO, . ., . I
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350 BOUCHET&ROCROI ROHRBACH, R, 193
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352 BOUCHET&ROCROI en geologisch ge
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354 BOUCHET&ROCROI SHELLEY, R. M. &
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356 BOUCHET&ROCROI STAROBOGATOV, YA
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358 BOUCHET&ROCROI STRONG, E. E., 2
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360 BOUCHET&ROCROI THIEM, H., 1917
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362 BOUCHET&ROCROI TRYON, G. W., 18
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364 BOUCHET&ROCROI VERRILL, A. ., 1
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366 BOUCHET&ROCROI WENZ, W., 1938-1
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368 BOUCHET&ROCROI YU, X.-H. [XI-HA
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370 Allogonini 22, 270 Allostrophii
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372 Babainidae 34, 263 Babakinidae
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374 Charcotiidae 47, 192, 262, 280
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376 Cylindrovertillidae 61, 265 Cyl
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378 Ergalataxinae 72, 255 Ergeinae
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380 Gyroscalinae 84, 254 Gyrotomina
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382 Kosoviinae 95, 248 Krameriellin
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384 Meronephridia 214 Merriidae 107
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386 Olygyridae 119,221, 246 Olympic
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388 Philinoglossidae 130, 208, 222,
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390 Prosostheniinae 142, 252 Prosty
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392 Sadierianinae 153, 252 Sagdidae
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394 INDEX Stylocheilinae 165 Stylog
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396 Tubiferidae 177, 203, 215, 258
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flALACOLOGIA International Journal
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Name: Address: Personal rates: MALA
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VOL. 47, NO. 1-2 MALACOLOGIA 2005 1
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VOL. 47, NO. 1-2 MALACOLOGIA 2005 C
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