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(4) The "Remarks" contains such information
as: original spelling [if an incorrect original
spelling under Art. 32] and history of the
name [if originally published as a vernacular
name]; nomenclatural availability and valid-
ity; references to changes of rank.
Changes of Rank: Notwithstanding the Prin-
ciple of Coordination [Art. 36], we have attempted
to trace the changes in rank that each
family-group name underwent. This is the concept
of nomen translatum (abbreviated n.t.)
that was consistently used in the Treatise on
invertebrate paleontology. Under Art. 36, a
change of rank in the family group does not
affect the author and date of the name with
modified suffix.
The literature containing changes of rank is
much larger than the primary literature containing
new family-group names, and we have
probably missed a good number of changes.
We would like to stress, however, that this does
not affect the nomenclature of taxa, but merely
their subsequent taxonomical use.
The rank of a family-group name is that at-
tributed to it by an author in a classification or
in a heading. However, when the author has
used ranks in a meaning different from cur-
rent usage, we have considered the rank that
was intended rather than the rank nominally
attributed by the author. A few specific cases
need to be singled out:
(a) Jousseaume (1894) has used "tribu" [=
tribe] immediately below family rank and
above genus, with the suffix -inae, and explained
rather confusingly (1894: 268): "I
here consider as tribes the divisions that
malacologists have elevated to family rank;
all names ending in -inae are thus for me
only tribes". We have considered such
names as used at subfamily rank. Casey
(1904) divided the family Pleurotomidae in
eight tribes, with the suffix -ini, without any
subfamily. We have considered Casey's
"tribes" to be subfamilies. Conversely,
Odhner (1939) used the word "tribe" to denote
categories above the family, his tribes
containing several families. We have considered
such names as the names of subor-
ders.
(b) Cossmann (1905, 1906) used the word
"cénacle" in reaction to the usage of
"superfamille", which he disliked on vocabulary
grounds (he ridiculed the word
"superfamille" which he compared to
"superprésident"!). We have naturally re-
NOMENCLÁTOR OF GASTROPOD FAMILIES 17
garded Cossmann's cénacles as equivalent
to superfamilies.
(c) Thiele (1 925-1 926) used the word "Sippe"
and (1929-1935) the word "Stirps" for taxa
at a rank above family and below order. Many
of these, but not all, are formed on a genus
name and have a suffix in -acea. Thiele's
Sippe and Stirps have generally (for example,
Bieler & Mikkelsen, 1992) been regarded
as equivalent to superfamilies and
we have followed this interpretation here.
Nomenclátor of Gastropod
Family-Group Names
ABYSsocHRYSiDAETomlin, 1927 [May]
Reference: Annals of the South African Museum,
25(1): 77
Type genus: /Abyssoc/?rysos Tomlin, 1927
Remarks: -inae [as Abyssochrysidinae], Golikov
& Starobogatov (1987: 27).
AcAMPTOGENOTiiNAE Powoll, 1969 [9 September]
Reference: Indo-Pacific Mollusca, 2(10): 218
Type genus: -\Acamptogenotia Rovereto, 1899
Remarks: Not available under Art. 15.1: name
proposed conditionally after 1 960.
AcANTHARiONiNi Schlleyko, 2002 [September]
Reference: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonale
molluscs, Part 9: 1274
Type genus: Acantharion Binder & Tillier, 1985
AcANTHiNULiNAE Steenberg, 1917 [5 October]
Reference: Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra
Dansk Naturhistohsk Forening i Kjobenhavn,
69:14
Type genus: Acanthinula Beck, 1847
Remarks: Placed on the Official List by Direc-
tion 27 (1955: 483), but credited in error to
Pilsbry (1926 [in 1922-1926]: 186). -idae,
Wenz (1938 [in 1938-1944]: 53-54).
AcANTHODORiDiNAE P. Fischor, 1 883 [20 December]
Reference: Manuel de conchyliologie et de
paléontologie conchyliologique, (6): 523
Type genus: Acanthodoris Cray, 1850
AcANTHONEMATiNAE Wenz, 1938 [October]
Reference: Handbuch der Paläozoologie, 6(1 ):
389
Type genus: -\Acanthonema Grabau [in Sherzer&Grabau],
1909
Remarks: -idae. Knight, Batten & Yochelson
(in Moore, ed., 1960: 317).