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WORKING CLASSIFICATION OF THE GASTROPODA 283
2''° Contents and classification of Punctoidea based on
Solem ( 1 983), with addition of Oreohelicidae after Nord-
sieck (1986b, 1987; supported by Emberton, 1991b),
Cystopeltidae after Tillier (1989) and Schileyko (2002,
2003 [in 1998-2003]), and Thiyrophorellidae after Schileyko
(2001 [in 1998-2003]), Anastomopsidae tentative-
ly placed here after Nordsieck ( 1 986b). For an alternative
view see Schileyko (2001 , 2002, 2003 [in 1998-2003]).
271 Classification after Schileyko (1998 [in 1998-2003]).
2''2 '
" The limacoid clade includes the superfamilies Staffordioidea,
Dyakioidea, Gastrodontoidea, Parrnacelloidea,
Zonitoidea, Helicarionoidea, and Limacoidea. Contents
and classification after Hausdorf (1998) For an alternative
view see Schileyko (2002 [in 1998-2003]) who
did not discuss the system proposed by Hausdorf
(1998).
2''^ Classification of Urocyclinae based on Van Goethem
(1977). Schileyko (2002 (in 1998-2003]) considered the
Urocyclidae as well as the Urocyclinae sensu auct, to
be polyphyletic. The Sheldoniinae represent the prob-
ably paraphyletic stem group of the family The relation-
ships of the diverse groups included here are still unclear.
2'''' For phylogenetic analyses, see Schileyko (1986a) and
Hausdorf (2002). Plutoniidae given family rank by Wiktor
&Backeljau(1995).
275 Contents after Wiktor et al. (2000). The Oopeltidae were
placed in the Punctoidea by Nordsieck (1986b).
276 Contentsand classification based on Nordsieck (1987)
and Schileyko (1991), with addition of Polygyridae and
Camaenidae after Hausdorf (1 998; tentatively supported
by the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Wade,
Mordan & Clarke, 2001 ) and modifications by Miller &
Naranjo-Garcia (1991) and Roth (1996). Schileyko
(1991) placed the Sphincterochilidae in his Zonitinia,
but Nordsieck (1987) and Hausdorf (1998) argued that
they are the sister-group of the other Helicoidea sensu
lato. Hausdorf (1998) supposed that the Arionoidea are
also derived from odontognath helicoids, but this has
not been supported by the analysis of Wade, Mordan &
Clarke (2001). Although the Helicoidea are among the
most intensively studied gastropods, their phylogeny is
still poorly understood (see also Cuezzo, 1998).
2" An application to place Leucochroidae on the Official
Index has been submitted to ICZN (Bouchet & Rocroi,
2004).
278 Classification based on Nordsieck (2002b).
279 An application to suppress the names Pfeifferiini
Gray, 1 850 and Cochlostylidae Mollendorff, 1 890 will be
presented to the Commission. They threaten not only
Helicostylinae Ihering, 1909, but also Bradybaenidae.
Pfeifferiini has apparently not been used as valid since
its original description, and the name Cochlostylidae
has only been used sporadically.
28° According to Scott's (1996) analysis, the Camaenidae
are diphyletic. The Australasian group, i.e the Camaenidae
sensu stricto, is related to the Bradybaenidae,
whereas the American group, the Pleurodontidae, is
related to Helicidae and Helminthoglyptidae. The mo-
lecular phylogenetic analysis of Wade, Mordan & Clar-
ke (2001 ) also indicated an independent origin of the
Australasian Camaenidae and the American Pleurodontidae.
On the contrary, the cladistic analysis of mor-
phological characters by Cuezzo (2003) supports the
monophyly of the Camaenidae sensu lato. The present
classiflcation of the Camaenidae sensu stricto is based
on Solem's (1993) partial revision of Australian taxa.
The Australasian representatives of the Pleurodontinae
sensu Solem, 1993, are separated from the American
Pleurodontidae as Rhagadinae, following Cuezzo
(2003). The status of other South-East Asian taxa is
unclear For a different classification of the Camaenidae,
see Schileyko (2003 [in 1998-2003])
281 Cepolidae Ihering, 1909 is a junior homonym of
Cepolidae Rafinesque, 1815 [Pisces]. The case will be
referred to the Commission for a ruling to remove homonymy
(ICZN Art. 55.3). Hausdorf (1998) argued that
the Cepolidae are the sister-group of the odontognath
Helicoidea sensu lato.
282 Cochlicellidae separated from the Hygromiidae follow-
ing Schileyko & Menkhorst (1997) and Ibanez et al.
(2003).
283 Status, contents and classification based on Roth
(1996), ranking original. However, Hausdorf (1998) supposed
that the rooting of Roths cladogram is wrong.
28^ Classification based on Nordsieck (1993b), modified by
Prieto et al. (1993). The monophyly of the Hygromiidae
is still questionable, although several groups (Helicodon-
tidae, Trissexodontidae, Cochlicellidae) have already
been excluded. Especially doubtful is the position of the
groups without typical dart apparatus (e.g., the Mo-
nachainae)
285 See Nomenclátor for spelling and precedence. Nordsieck
(1987, 1993b) separated the Monachinae in two
tribes, Monachini and Euomphaliini, but it is likely that
the latter is paraphyletic.
286 See also Camaenidae. Solaropsis was classifted in a
separate family by Nordsieck (1986b), but Cuezzo &
Fernández (2001 ) included it again in the Camaenidae
sensu lato.
287 See Nomenclátor. An application to reject the name
Lucerninae Swainson, 1840 will be presented to the
Commission.
288 Classification based on Emberton (1995). Emberton
used an "infra-family" rank, between subfamily and tribe;
we have ranked it as tribe, and ranked Emberton's included
"tribes" as subtribes.
289 Nordsieck (1986b) included the Thysanophohdae to-
gether with the Polygyridae in a separate superfamily
Polygyroidea. However, the cladistic analysis of
Emberton (1991b) did not support close relationships
between the Thysanophoridae and the Polygyridae The
relationships of the Thysanophoridae remain enigmatic.
290 Separated from the Hygromiidae and Helicodontidae
following Prieto et al. (1993).