Dissertation on Birds of Prey and the Sport - the Falconry Heritage ...

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a "miglior massaio" in a society controlled by guadagno. Mario Baratto has commented on the outcome for Federigo thus: Nelle due fasi della sua esistenza e adombrato il passaggio da una vecchia classe cavalleresca, cortese, dissipatrice e generosa, a una nuova classe aristocratico- borghese, ben pih saggia nell'amministrazione dei propri beni. Ma e un passaggio che non distrugge, per il Boccaccio, il valore esemplare di un costume aristocratico: lo corregge, piuttosto, e lo rende piu accessibile a un dite ~ittadina.~' Thus, while Boccaccio pokes fun at the practical application of courtly love, he does not devalue it completely:. it can produce a happy ending in spite of itself. In the above novelle and fables, the characters are forced to question the role and symbolism of birds of prey in their society. In this period in history, the exclusivity of the hobby of flying falcons has vanished; the emerging middle class adopts this habit of the upper class among many others. The association between courtly love and status and birds of prey is a fossil in the society of the Italian comune. The role of these falcons and hawks has been redefined in parallel with the roles and composition of the upper class. In chivalric or archaizing stories, falcons are represented in a straightforward manner and are indicative of the normal activities of the upper class. However, in the real society based on guadagno, acting like a noble lover causes problems that can only be fixed by a rescue from the world of money. 30~ario Baratto, Realtd e stile nel "Decameron " (Roma: Riuniti, 1984), 26.
CONCLUSION From a Middle Eastern pastime and a way of catching one's supper practiced worldwide, falconry becomes an obsession in the ruling classes of Western Europe in the Middle Ages. The birds involved in this hunt were revered since ancient times and considered representatives of gods in Egypt, Greece, and the North for their fierceness. The practice of hunting with falcons, popularized by Arab contact during the Crusades, becomes more of a craze than a pastime in the later Middle Ages in Europe. The symbolism of falcons and hawks changes accordingly at this time. Rather than representing, as they did in ancient literature, rapaciousness and cruelty, falcons and hawks in medieval literature become, not simply fierce predators, but symbols of those nobles that practice the hunt and the lifestyle of which the birds are now a part-a courtly, idealized world in which knights pursue ladies by showing off with lavish spending, good manners, feats of arms, and writing poetry. All the connotations of courtly nobility are transferred to these falcons and hawks, to such a point that their mere appearance in literature or art evokes the entire world to which they belong. This hunting obsession spawns its own literary genre-practical manuals or falconry treatises with information on medicating, identifying, raising, and flying one's bird of prey-and this genre influences others until falconry insinuates itself throughout literature, from didactic or moralizing texts to poetry about pastoral erotic encounters. The chivalric way of life that revolves around hunting and loving often combines the two, resulting in a particularly apt adaptation of birds of prey to the hunt of love; in poetry they may represent the lover, the lady, or merciless Love itself. In addition, the
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Birds of Prey and the Sport of Falc
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O Copyright by Teresa Flora Lucia G
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Birds of Prey and the Sport of Falc
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TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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This dissertation is dedicated to m
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medieval Italian literature is the
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poetry. The Sicilians adopt quite a
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CHAPTER 1 : Falconry as symbols bef
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The ancient Greeks and Romans did n
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hawk. The hawk responds that it is
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If a falcon sees the dead body of a
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The popularity of falcons and hawks
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animali, including a section on fal
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Hrabanus Maurus, in his eighth cent
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earlier; second, that there is a pe
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evolution of the late medieval view
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chapter that consists entirely of a
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century, is not spiritual, but a vo
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conveying the idea of Caesar's fier
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on falcons and hawks, telling about
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it is made typically of something t
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Having established the popularity o
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circle of acquaintances to illustra
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C'una noch sornnav' en pascor Tal s
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Amors o fai si com lo bons astors q
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chosen a mate so far above him in e
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Inferno, Chaucer is in this place t
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tercel eagle states that she should
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she gave in for fear that he might
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CHAPTER 2: Falconry in Duecento and
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nonexistent in the poetry of the sc
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da c'omo vene tosto a compimento. B
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It seems as if the text were meant
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We find here the image of the nibbi
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to be forceful like the sparrowhawk
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10 va' vedere, e par tenere, lo suo
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e disleale, larone e traito, che wo
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volgesi a1 grido, quand' egli e sta
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the hunter. In the stanza in which
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practice of falconry does not carry
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celebrates throughout his corona-in
Page 84 and 85: These crows and vultures, disagreea
Page 86 and 87: previous ladies who inspired poets,
Page 88 and 89: y Guido Cavalcanti. Matteo Correggi
Page 90 and 91: who far from being beyond the reach
Page 92 and 93: - I' mi son qui selvaggia pasturell
Page 94 and 95: The ladylfalcon is much less hostil
Page 96 and 97: la carta de le regole d'amore, dove
Page 98 and 99: The ways in which falcons and crane
Page 100 and 101: crane" among poets, Dante feels a f
Page 102 and 103: hitless.* Like the other servants o
Page 104 and 105: esponsibility and order, is, howeve
Page 106 and 107: Unlike the birds in Inferno, the fa
Page 108 and 109: Bastiti, e batti a terra le calcagn
Page 110 and 111: Bonagiunta portrays Dante's being i
Page 112 and 113: (Purgatorio XXVI, 133-5) The crane
Page 114 and 115: compared to them have reached the g
Page 116 and 117: source of the formation of letters,
Page 118 and 119: a me medesima uscita di mente, non
Page 120 and 121: E la madre questo vedendo vuole mor
Page 122 and 123: Upon hearing that it was an old man
Page 124 and 125: tal es mon talens, Ke m'inervia d'o
Page 126 and 127: expectation of the class status of
Page 128 and 129: Ardito avendo uno suo figliuolo nom
Page 130 and 131: "'tua figliuola B stata si vaga del
Page 132 and 133: Monna Giovanna re-enters his life w
Page 136 and 137: domestication or training of the fa
Page 138 and 139: BIBLIOGRAPHY Aelianus, Claudius. De
Page 140 and 141: Consoli, Joseph P., ed. The Novelli
Page 142 and 143: Lewis, C. S. Allegory of Love: a St
Page 144: . Transcription and Visual Poetics
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