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Figure 5. 15 Local markets Source: Maldives Visitors’ Guide 2007 Most of the information and images about local food and local markets were found in guide books. These books contained description and pictures of local foods, restaurants, cafés and teashops in Male’ and provided information about the kind of foods available at those places. This kind of information about local food or local markets was not portrayed in any of the marketing materials of tourist establishments. This is an indication that local foods are rarely available at tourist establishments and are not promoted by tourism marketing. Moreover, in spite of the number of images of local food and beverage staff, bars and restaurants, these images signify service rather than local food. This provides support to the finding in literature as was mentioned in chapter 2 that food in tourism is often marketed as part of other services and facilities or as just a secondary component of the tourism experience (Boniface, 2003). In the classification of local and other food, discourse analysis was useful in this research. An advantage in using discourse analysis is the capacity of discourse to contain several meanings, thus eliminating the need for coding into different categories (Paltridge, 2006). In discourse analysis, texts are not viewed as independent means of communication, instead are seen as “sites in which social meanings are created and reproduced and social identities are formed” (Pritchard & Morgan, 2001, p. 172). 106
Hence, the kind of analysis needed for this research seemed only possible through discourse analysis, because it was important for this research to identify the context and understand the background embedded in the texts and images related to food in order to differentiate local food from other types of food. A deeper understanding of the background and situation is required to analyse food events described as “traditional Maldivian buffet”, “beach barbecue” and “picnic lunches”. At first glance, these events appear to portray local or traditional food experiences. However, when subjected to discourse analysis, it is clear that “beach barbecues” and “picnic lunches” do not involve any local food. For example, the image in Figure 5.16 depicts a picnic by the beachside. The bunch of coconuts, the traditional boat and the coconut palm on which the food is displayed on designate local culture and tradition. The white sandy beach and clear sea portrays the environment of Maldives. However, the food is largely imported. Apart from tuna that is used in some of the sushi and sashimi in this picture, the only other local food is a plate of short eats. Therefore, the key message portrayed in this picture is not about local food. Figure 5. 16 Picnic lunch Source: Maldives Visitors’ Guide 2007 107
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The Role of Local Food in Maldives
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CHAPTER FIVE: THE CURRENT ROLE OF F
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Figure 5.26 Buffet dinner .........
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Attestation of authorship “I here
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Abstract In the fiercely competitiv
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1.1 Background to the study CHAPTER
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attractiveness and promoting sustai
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Figure 1. 1 Map of the Republic of
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CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW The
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and nationalities are broadened (Sh
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focus on creating “meaningful tou
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quality of their services and produ
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waiting list for future Guggenheim
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Natural and cultural attractions ar
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local culture, built heritage, and
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Although the above inherent charact
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ituals and leisure (Tannahill, 2002
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and participation in the experience
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Cultural exploration is an integral
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2002). As Jones and Jenkins (2002)
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Figure 2. 2 Isle of Arran food trai
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globalisation strong local food ide
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vegetarian pizza outlets are run by
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tradition are made sustainable in t
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tourism” (p. 115). As their examp
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Slow Food Award in 2000 which recog
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eing researched. Although the small
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On the other hand, the focus of the
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A disadvantage of case sstudies is
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1. data triangulation: uses a range
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A number of international organisat
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Content analysis has been a valuabl
Page 65 and 66: 3.6.2 Surveys “A survey is a good
Page 67 and 68: Table 3. 2 Advantages vantages and
Page 69 and 70: 3.7 Data validity and reliability I
Page 71 and 72: 3.8 Survey characteristics Out of t
Page 73 and 74: were doing doctoral research that w
Page 75 and 76: was a British protectorate from 188
Page 77 and 78: Figure 4. 2 Population growth rate
Page 79 and 80: 4.3 Economy The Republic of Maldive
Page 81 and 82: 4.4 Agriculture Agriculture plays o
Page 83 and 84: population was badly affected by th
Page 85 and 86: enefits of tourism among all the at
Page 87 and 88: As tourism became established in th
Page 89 and 90: prospect repeatedly proclaimed by e
Page 91 and 92: Table 4. 1 Maldives tourist arrival
Page 93 and 94: Figure 4. 8 Market share of top ten
Page 95 and 96: provided a slow burning barbecue to
Page 97 and 98: Figure 4. 13 Rukuraa and raabadhi S
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER FIVE: THE CURRENT ROLE OF F
Page 101 and 102: possible” (Sarantakos, 1998, p. 2
Page 103 and 104: Table 5. 3 Frequency of images in p
Page 105 and 106: (Figure 5.3). As Figure 5.4 illustr
Page 107 and 108: Figure 5. 6 Dining experience Sourc
Page 109 and 110: Figure 5. 9 Website with no informa
Page 111 and 112: The description indicates that food
Page 113 and 114: Figure 5. 11 Screw pine Source: Mal
Page 115: Figure 5. 14 Local ‘tea’ ceremo
Page 119 and 120: Figure 5. 18 Barbecue menus Source:
Page 121 and 122: Figure 5. 19 Seafood display Source
Page 123 and 124: Figure 5. 22 Unloading fish to the
Page 125 and 126: chefs in our booming tourist indust
Page 127 and 128: Figure 5. 25 Activities featured as
Page 129 and 130: Table 5. 5 Importance of using loca
Page 131 and 132: CHAPTER SIX: DEVELOPING LINKS BETWE
Page 133 and 134: Table 6. 3 Number of respondents th
Page 135 and 136: ight quality of products from these
Page 137 and 138: experts, “It is of great potentia
Page 139 and 140: have failed to utilise”. One of t
Page 141 and 142: Figure 6. 1 Number of local and for
Page 143 and 144: local cuisine. This warning echoes
Page 145 and 146: • Since tourism operators and exp
Page 147 and 148: to authentic local foods. In additi
Page 149 and 150: products. This would pave the way f
Page 151 and 152: • Promote Maldives as an environm
Page 153 and 154: Figure 6. 4 Garudhiya bai meal Sour
Page 155 and 156: Figure 6. 7 Canned curries, garudhi
Page 157 and 158: Figure 6. 11 Screw pine fruit and n
Page 159 and 160: Figure 6. 14 Short eats Source: Mal
Page 161 and 162: Figure 6. 16 Smooth loofah, Thoraa
Page 163 and 164: Figure 6. 19 Malaafaiy Source: Leis
Page 165 and 166: Figure 6. 21 Drinks made with local
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CHAPTER SEVEN: CONCLUSIONS In an in
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list ‘local’ food items were of
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apparent from tourism marketing mat
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operator” (Omidi, 2009b). Those r
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Bibliography ADB. (2005). Country s
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Buhalis, D. (2001). The tourism phe
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Everett, S., & Aitchison, C. (2008)
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Heath, E., & Wall, G. (1992). Marke
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Lutfy, M. I. (1995). Dhivehiraajjeg
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MTCA. (2007b). Tourism Yearbook. Ma
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Ravenscroft, N., & Westering, J. V.
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Sheehan, K. (2001). E-mail survey r
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Veal, A. J. (1997). Research method
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Appendix 1 - Operators’ Questionn
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Appendix 3 - Participant Informatio
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Appendix 4 - Ethics Approval 197
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Committee. Until full approval has
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