Alternative Support Systems for Cantilever - National Transportation ...

Figure 3-6. Determination of AVcp based on ≈35° failure cone for embedded pipe and plate
section ................................................................................................................................29
Figure 3-7. Similarities of failure cones in side-face blowout of a headed anchor in tension
and the embedded pipe and plate section in torsion ..........................................................31
Figure 3-8. Concrete side-face blowout equation for a headed anchor in tension .........................32
Figure 3-9. Schematic of anticipated failure and bearing area of torsion plate .............................33
Figure 3-10. Flexure resolved into a tension and compression on an anchor bolt system and
the proposed system ...........................................................................................................34
Figure 3-11. The tensile and compressive forces seen as shears acting parallel to an edge ..........35
Figure 3-12. Determination of AVcfp based on ≈35° failure cone for embedded pipe and plate
section ................................................................................................................................36
Figure 3-13. Illustration of bearing area on flexural plate for side-face blowout calculations ......37
Figure 3-14. Flexural plate bearing area for side-face blowout calculations .................................38
Figure 4-1. Predicted concrete breakout failure .............................................................................40
Figure 4-2. Schematic of torsion test specimen .............................................................................43
Figure 4-3. Schematic of torsion and flexure test specimen ..........................................................43
Figure 4-4. Front view of torsion test setup ...................................................................................45
Figure 4-5. Top view of torsion test setup .....................................................................................45
Figure 4-6. Side view of torsion test setup ....................................................................................46
Figure 4-7. Views of the embedded torsion pipe section ...............................................................46
Figure 4-8. Isometric view of embedded torsion and flexural pipe section for the second test ....47
Figure 4-9. Breakout overlap of the torsional and flexural breakouts ...........................................49
Figure 4-10. Interaction between torsion and flexure for concrete breakout .................................49
Figure 4-11. Fabricated pipe and plate apparatus ..........................................................................52
Figure 4-12. Arrangement of the LVDTs on base plate ................................................................56
Figure 4-13. Arrangement of the LVDTs on the top of the concrete shaft ....................................57
Figure 4-14. Arrangement of the LVDTs on the bottom of the concrete shaft .............................57
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