Alternative Support Systems for Cantilever - National Transportation ...

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Figure 3-6. Determination of AVcp based on ≈35° failure cone for embedded pipe and plate section ................................................................................................................................29 Figure 3-7. Similarities of failure cones in side-face blowout of a headed anchor in tension and the embedded pipe and plate section in torsion ..........................................................31 Figure 3-8. Concrete side-face blowout equation for a headed anchor in tension .........................32 Figure 3-9. Schematic of anticipated failure and bearing area of torsion plate .............................33 Figure 3-10. Flexure resolved into a tension and compression on an anchor bolt system and the proposed system ...........................................................................................................34 Figure 3-11. The tensile and compressive forces seen as shears acting parallel to an edge ..........35 Figure 3-12. Determination of AVcfp based on ≈35° failure cone for embedded pipe and plate section ................................................................................................................................36 Figure 3-13. Illustration of bearing area on flexural plate for side-face blowout calculations ......37 Figure 3-14. Flexural plate bearing area for side-face blowout calculations .................................38 Figure 4-1. Predicted concrete breakout failure .............................................................................40 Figure 4-2. Schematic of torsion test specimen .............................................................................43 Figure 4-3. Schematic of torsion and flexure test specimen ..........................................................43 Figure 4-4. Front view of torsion test setup ...................................................................................45 Figure 4-5. Top view of torsion test setup .....................................................................................45 Figure 4-6. Side view of torsion test setup ....................................................................................46 Figure 4-7. Views of the embedded torsion pipe section ...............................................................46 Figure 4-8. Isometric view of embedded torsion and flexural pipe section for the second test ....47 Figure 4-9. Breakout overlap of the torsional and flexural breakouts ...........................................49 Figure 4-10. Interaction between torsion and flexure for concrete breakout .................................49 Figure 4-11. Fabricated pipe and plate apparatus ..........................................................................52 Figure 4-12. Arrangement of the LVDTs on base plate ................................................................56 Figure 4-13. Arrangement of the LVDTs on the top of the concrete shaft ....................................57 Figure 4-14. Arrangement of the LVDTs on the bottom of the concrete shaft .............................57 xiv
Figure 4-15. Arrangement of the LVDTs at the load location .......................................................57 Figure 5-1. Lines drawn on base plate to show bolt slippage ........................................................61 Figure 5-2. Formation of torsional cracks ......................................................................................61 Figure 5-3. Formation of concrete breakout failure cracks ............................................................62 Figure 5-4. Concrete breakout failure cracks widen ......................................................................62 Figure 5-5. Specimen at failure ......................................................................................................63 Figure 5-6. Torsional moment and rotation plot for base plate of torsion test ..............................64 Figure 5-7. Torsional moment and rotation plot for torsion test ....................................................65 Figure 5-8. Test specimen prior to testing .....................................................................................67 Figure 5-9. Torsional and flexural cracks forming ........................................................................68 Figure 5-10. Formation of concrete breakout failure cracks in second test ...................................68 Figure 5-11. Widening of concrete breakout failure cracks in second test ....................................69 Figure 5-12. Load and torsional rotation of base plate for torsion and flexure test .......................71 Figure 5-13. Load and flexural rotation for the second test ...........................................................72 Figure 5-14. Load and torsional rotation for test specimen for the second test .............................73 Figure 6-1. Typical sign/signal base connection ............................................................................76 Figure 6-2. Embedded steel pipe and plate option with slip base connection ...............................79 Figure 6-3. FDOT Design Standards Index No. 11860 .................................................................81 Figure 6-4. Embedded steel pipe and plate option with grouted slip base connection ..................82 Figure 6-5. Embedded concrete pipe and plate option with slip base connection .........................83 Figure 6-6. Cast-in-Place solid concrete pedestal with slip base connection ................................85 Figure 6-7. Embedded concrete pipe with bolts option with grouted splice to concrete monopole............................................................................................................................86 Figure 6-8. Embedded steel pipe and hoops with grouted slip base connection ...........................88 Figure 6-9. Embedded steel pipe and plates with bolted plate connection ....................................89 Figure 6-10. Embedded steel pipe and plate with welded sleeve connection ................................90 xv
Page 1 and 2: Report No. BDK75 977-04 Date: Augus
Page 3 and 4: Metric Conversion Table SYMBOL WHEN
Page 5 and 6: ALTERNATIVE SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR CAN
Page 7 and 8: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During the 2004 h
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODU
Page 11 and 12: Torsion Test Data .................
Page 13: LIST OF FIGURES Figure page Figure
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This project
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND The following
Page 21 and 22: information obtained in the late 19
Page 23 and 24: these problems. The concern with fa
Page 25 and 26: opposite side, see Figure 2-2 The s
Page 27 and 28: 2.2.4 Helical Pipes This option wou
Page 29 and 30: 2.3 Alternative Foundations from Ot
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2-10. Drilled concrete piles
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2-13. Grouted soil anchors G
Page 35 and 36: The pad and pier foundation, found
Page 37 and 38: comments and recommendations on pre
Page 39 and 40: CHAPTER 3 DESIGN IMPLICATIONS Based
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3-2. Differences between con
Page 43 and 44: 2 [ ] 2 2 ( r ) + 3. 25 ( r ) − (
Page 45 and 46: eakout surface for a single plate,
Page 47 and 48: strength of a headed anchor in tens
Page 49 and 50: Figure 3-9. Schematic of anticipate
Page 51 and 52: Vbfp l e tfp bfp f’c ca1 = the ba
Page 53 and 54: 3.2.2 Equivalent Side-Face Blowout
Page 55 and 56: computed. See Equation 3-14 below t
Page 57 and 58: One method to quantify the failure
Page 59 and 60: • An additional 12-4.5” long, 1
Page 61 and 62: Applied load Lever arm Figure 4-4.
Page 63 and 64: Figure 4-8. Isometric view of embed
Page 65 and 66:
Flexural plate breakout area Torsio
Page 67 and 68:
4.2.4 Annular Base Plate Design The
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torsional strength of the lever arm
Page 71 and 72:
4.4 Concrete Block and Tie-Down Des
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Figure 4-13. Arrangement of the LVD
Page 75 and 76:
4.7 Summary of Torsion and Flexure
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foundation displayed the predicted
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Figure 5-5. Specimen at failure 5.1
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Figure 5-7. Torsional moment and ro
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torsional 45 degree crack formation
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Figure 5-11. Widening of concrete b
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Failure cracks widen Bond loosens F
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Rear of shaft Figure 5-14. Load and
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testing, signifying that the predic
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provided in NCHRP Report 412 were i
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6.2.2 Tapered Embedded Steel Pipe a
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Figure 6-3. FDOT Design Standards I
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This option provides a possible alt
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6.2.5 Cast-in-Place Solid Concrete
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This option does have some disadvan
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Figure 6-9. Embedded steel pipe and
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However, the fillet welds are susce
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APPENDIX A TEST APPARATUS DRAWINGS
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Figure A-3. Dimensioned side elevat
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Figure A-5. Dimensioned drawings of
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Figure A-7. Dimensioned plan drawin
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Figure A-9. Dimensioned drawing of
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Figure A-11. Dimensioned view of em
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STIFFENER DESIGN Calculation of Cap
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L breakout Concrete Breakout Equiva
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Abrg L⋅b 7 in 2 := = .5 Nsb 200
Page 127 and 128:
β 1 f c Calculations Using ACI Str
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Determine Flexural Capacity of Roun
Page 131 and 132:
DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS OF FLEXURAL REI
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Short Pipe Design Flexural Strength
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Long Pipe Design Flexural Strength
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Superstructure Assembly Strength -
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Weld Design Tn_blowout Vweld := Tor
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Check_Bolt_Shear := "Sufficient Str
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Check Reinforcement No_Bars_Block_R
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Tie-Down Design Block Properties Wi
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Vmax Total Load that the Tie-down m
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λpf := .38⋅ λpw := 3.76⋅ E F
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Input and Properties Shaft Torsion
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ψcV := 1.4 ψecV := 1.0 ψedV := 1
Page 155 and 156:
lbreakout := L + 2⋅1.5ca1 lbreako
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Rn_weld := Throat⋅FW Rn_weld 11.1
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⎛ ⎜ ⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜⎜ 9.250
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Flexural Capacity of T-Plates Using
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FAILURE EQUATIONS Torsion Threshold
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Required Length of Shaft Based on B
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Design Axial Strength ϕcomp := .90
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Design Axial Strength ϕcomp := .90
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Zp := ⎛ ⎜ ⎝ bp tp⋅ 2 ⎞
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Bolt Properties - D1" ASTM A325 Cen
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CONCRETE BLOCK Concrete Block Desig
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Check Shear Check_Shear_B := "Suffi
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7'-4" 8" 5'-4" 8" 1'-3" Calculate s
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Required Capacity of the Channel As
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Check_Flange_Compact_Unit := "Compa
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Rear of Shaft Face of Shaft Figure
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Bolt slippage ends Predicted failur
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APPENDIX D DESIGN GUIDELINES For th
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The designer should then use this i
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• Determine the angle required fo
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Superstructure Base Connection Foun
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1.5ca1 1.5ca1 Length of bearing are
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Vu = 9.04 kip T .u = 198.88 ft·kip
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Increase threaded rod diameter to 2
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Embedded Pipe and Torsion Plates De
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⎝ ⎠ Check_Breakout_Torsion := "
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Lbreakout := tflex.plate + 2⋅1.5c
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( ) .85 if fc < 4000psi β 1 f c .6
Page 211 and 212:
REFERENCES 1. Cook, R.A., and Halco
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