USGS Professional Paper 1697 - Alaska Resources Library

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76 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera are as follows: (1) In the Russian Southeast, the Laoelin- Grodekovsk (LG) belt, which contains granitic-magmatismrelated deposits, is hosted in the Laoelin-Grodekovsk island-arc terrane. This belt is interpreted as forming during subductionrelated granitic plutonism that formed the Laoelin-Grodekovsk island arc, part of Khanka superterrane. (2) In the Russian Northeast, the Aluchin (AC) and Ust-Belaya (UB) belts contain podiform Cr deposits and are hosted mainly in fragments of ophiolites that are preserved in the Aluchin and Penzhina- Anadyr subduction-zone terranes, respectively. The Aluchin belt is interpreted as forming in Oceanic lithosphere preserved in Aluchin subuction zone that was tectonically linked to Alazeya island arc. The Ust-Belaya belt is interpreted as forming in Oceanic lithosphere preserved in Penzhina Anadyr subuction zone that was tectonically linked to Koni-Murgal continental margin and island arc. (3) In northwestern Alaska, the Northwestern Brooks Range metallogenic belt, which contains SEDEX Zn- Pb-Ag, kuroko volcanogenic massive sulfide, bedded barite, and sulfide vein deposits, continued to form. (4) In southern Alaska, 168 168 156 PW 144 156 132 52 72 56 144 the Alaska Range-Wrangell Mountains (ARW) and Ketchikan (KK) belts, which contain granitic-magmatism-related deposits and kuroko massive sulfide deposits, are hosted in the Wrangellia superterrane and are interpreted as forming in the short-lived Skolai island arc. In the below descriptions of metallogenic belts, a few of the noteable or signficant lode deposits (table 4) are described for each belt. Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Pennsylvanian (320 to 286 Ma; fig. 33) During the Pennsylvanian (320 to 286 Ma), the major metallogenic-tectonic events were (table 3) (1) inception of the older parts of Stikinia-Quesnellia arc (Stikinia and Quesnellia terranes) and associated subduction zone in the Yukon-Tanana (YT) and Kootenay (KO) terranes in an area offshore of the North American Craton Margin (NAM) and (2) formation of the Skolai island arc and associated metallogenic belt and associ- NAC AG CO SD RB CO NAC RB YO YT CC SD AG NX AG DL, MY AX YT AX WR AX BR WA PR PR SZ HO BA JF AG Arctic Ocean PENNSYLVANIAN AND LATE TRIASSIC METALLOGENIC BELTS ARW - Alaska Range-Wrangell Mountains AX - Alexander CMN - Copper Mountain North CMS - Copper Mountain South EAR - Eastern Alaska Range FW - Farewell GL - Galore Creek oa AA NBR AG AA PC AG WS NAM YT NAM GU - Guichon KOD - Kodiak Island and Border Ranges KK - Ketchikan NBR - Northwestern Brooks Range SU - Sustut TC - Texas Creek SV YT ARW, EAR SM ST KY oa YT oa WR AX oa TC CG KOD KY oa EAR CG oa FW KI KOD AX PW YAK ARW oa CG oa NY PE KOD GD TG PW PAC PE CG QN CMN SM CA MO GL ST SU CMS KO TC NAM CC YT KK QN CD MT MT oa CR GU WR oa OC IZ oa CG Pacific Ocean 64 48 0 132 56 Eastern limit of JFR Cordilleran mation 800 km defor OF 0 800 mi Figure 32. Generalized map of major Pennsylvanian and Late Triassic metallogenic belts and terranes for Alaska, Canadian Cordillera, and adjacent offshore areas. Refer to text for description of metallogenic belts. Adapted from Nokleberg and others (1997b, 1998). Refer to figure 3 for explanation. 48
ated subduction zone in the Wrangellia superterrane. Sedimentation continued along the passive continental margins of North Asia and North America. Out of the field of view of figure 33 was formation of the Laoelin-Grodekovsk (LG) metallogenic belt, which contains granitic-magmatism-related deposits and that formed in the Laoelin-Grodekovsk island-arc terrane. Specific Events for Pennsylvanian (1) Along the margin of the North Asian Craton (NSC), dextral-slip occurred along the Mongol-Okhotsk suture (MO), resulting in displacement of its southern margin relative to the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. (2) Between the North Asian and North American Cratons, sporadic sea-floor spreading is interpreted as having enlarged the ancestral Pacific Ocean and formed the Oimyakon, Angayucham, and Goodnews Oceans. Forming during this event were the Aluchin (AC), and Ust-Belaya (UB) metallogenic belts, which contain podiform Cr deposits and are hosted mainly in fragments of ophiolites that are now pre- SKOLAI ARC ? MO MONGOL- OKHOTSK OCEAN UB WRA (PE) NSC GL Position unknown relative to Stikinia and Quesnellia arcs ARW UNK OK NSV, KN ? WRA (AX) 60 o SKOLAI ARC KK NSC VL UNK UNK OM AK RA PR ? ? 8-14 o (TA) OIMYAKON OCEAN COLL OL BE AC YA OV ? AL AC KT ALAZEYA ARC Pennsylvanian Metallogenic Belts (320 to 286 Ma; figs. 31, 32) 77 ANGAYU- CHAM OCEAN served in the Aluchin, and Penzhina-Anadyr, subduction-zone terranes. Fragments of the Oimyakon Ocean are preserved in the Debin and Garbyn’ya terranes (fig. 33). Fragments of the Angayucham and Goodnews Oceans are preserved in the Angayucham and Goodnews terranes, respectively (fig. 33). Within the Angayucham Ocean were the Kilbuck-Idono cratonal terrane (KI), derived from the North Asian Craton (NSC), and the Nixon Fork-Dillinger-Mystic passive continental-margin terranes (NX, DL, MY), derived from the North Asian Craton Margin (NSV). During this time span, before accretion to the present North American continent, the Nixon Fork-Dillinger-Mystic terrane may have experienced several post-rifting events that formed additional units, such as the siliciclastic rocks of the Sheep Creek Formation and the Mt. Dall Conglomerate. (3) The intraoceanic Omulevka Ridge, which separated the Oimyakon and ancestral Pacific Oceans, consisted of the Omulevka (OV), Prikolyma (PR), and Omolon (OM) terranes. These terranes were previously rifted from North Asian Craton and Craton Margin in the Early Mississippian. The Paleozoic ZL ANCESTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN KI GOOD- NEWS OCEAN YT NAM NX, DL, MY STIKINIA ARC 0 800 km 0 800 mi 320 to 286 Ma UNK NAC ST 30 o SEVENTYMILE OCEAN METALLOGENIC BELTS AC - Aluchin ARW - Alaska Range- Wrangell Mountains KK - Ketchikan UB - Ust-Belaya NAM CACHE CREEK OCEAN NAC SLIDE MOUNTAIN OCEAN Figure 33. Pennsylvanian (320 to 286 Ma) stage of metallogenic-tectonic model for the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera and adjacent offshore areas. Refer to text for explanation of metallogenic-tectonic events, to tables 3 and 4 for descriptions metallogenic belts and significant deposits, and to figure 18 for explanation of abbreviations, symbols, and patterns. Adapted from Nokleberg and others (1997b, 1998, 2000). KO
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USGS Prepared in collaboration with
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U.S. Department of the Interior Gal
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iv Hart River SEDEX Zn-Cu-Ag Deposi
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vi Specific Events for Middle Throu
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viii Metallogenic Belts Formed Duri
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x Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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xii Toodoggone Metallogenic Belt of
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xiv Slate Creek Serpentinite-Hosted
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xvi Left Omolon Belt of Porphyry Mo
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xviii Origin of and Tectonic Contro
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xx Chukotka Metallogenic Belt of Au
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xxii Plutonic Rocks Hosting East-Ce
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xxiv Skeena Metallogenic Belt of Po
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xxvi Bee Creek Porphyry Cu Deposit
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xxviii 36. Wellgreen gabbroic Ni-Cu
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xxx 87. Partizanskoe Pb-Zn skarn de
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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format (Nokleberg and others, 1996)
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logenesis of the region (1) subduct
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Subterrane—A fault-bounded unit w
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dilemma consists of two conflicting
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2 to 20 m thick. A related dolomite
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Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic B
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed During Pr
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as at Oz, Monster, and Tart, may al
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Monashee Metallogenic Belt of Sedim
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Clark Range Metallogenic Belt of Se
Page 57 and 58: in addition to the Fe deposits. Min
Page 59 and 60: study) consists of lenses, from 100
Page 61 and 62: Omulev Austrian Alps W Deposit The
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Page 65 and 66: lative metalliferous brines in a re
Page 67 and 68: Prince of Wales Island Metallogenic
Page 69 and 70: suite of deposits and host rocks ar
Page 71 and 72: margin of the North American Craton
Page 73 and 74: newly created terranes migrated int
Page 75 and 76: (Ryazantzeva and Shurko, 1992). The
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Page 83 and 84: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 85 and 86: mentary rocks of the Cambrian to De
Page 87 and 88: (Preto and Schiarizza, 1985; Schiar
Page 91 and 92: ate and clastic rocks and volcanicl
Page 93 and 94: (Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c
Page 95 and 96: Berezovka River Metallogenic Belt o
Page 99 and 100: Finlayson Lake Metallogenic Belt of
Page 101 and 102: and barite in siliceous black turbi
Page 103 and 104: Windermere Creek (Western Gypsum) C
Page 105 and 106: (NX, DL, MY), Viliga (VL), and Zolo
Page 107: South of the main east-west-trendin
Page 111 and 112: icite-biotite-quartz bodies in frac
Page 113 and 114: Canada Cordillera. The granitoid ro
Page 115 and 116: Viliga (VL) passive continental-mar
Page 117 and 118: 32; tables 3, 4) occurs along the n
Page 119 and 120: superterrane, consists mainly of ma
Page 121 and 122: ers, 1994c, 1997c). In southern Bri
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Page 125 and 126: a resource of 34.3 million tonnes o
Page 127 and 128: potassic zone. Combined estimated p
Page 129 and 130: and quartz monzodiorite stock and s
Page 131 and 132: and Omolon (OM) cratonal terranes,
Page 133 and 134: in volcanic and volcaniclastic rock
Page 135 and 136: minor calcite, and sporadic pyrite
Page 137 and 138: supergene blanket are interpreted a
Page 139 and 140: deposits and occurrences consist of
Page 141 and 142: onto the Omulevka terrane to form t
Page 143 and 144: superterrane. This belt is interpre
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Page 147 and 148: quartz, and is virtually not associ
Page 149 and 150: deposits are at Terrassnoe and Kuna
Page 151 and 152: Peschanka Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit Th
Page 153 and 154: The belt is hosted in the Late Jura
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Page 157 and 158: and Early Cretaceous Koyukuk island
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The deposit consists of disseminate
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The Orange Hill deposit contains an
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49; tables 3, 4) (Foley and others,
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locally Late Triassic marine volcan
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gold in a gangue of quartz, calcite
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Verkhoyansk granite belt, which int
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metallogenic belts are interpreted
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assemblages, which may have been mo
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during hypogene and supergene alter
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collision and regional thrusting, t
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Yur Au Quartz Vein Deposit The smal
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phase has a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 1
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sian Northeast. The belt is hosted
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Host Granitoid Rocks and Associated
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that are up to 600-1,500 m long, av
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Metallogenic Belts Formed During La
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y partly coeval plutons that range
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tion is interpreted as occuring by
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the Badzhal-Ezop and Khingan parts
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and comagmatic with volcanic rocks;
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as interpreted for the Rock Creek d
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source (Yeo, 1992). The Blow River
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2000). The spatial location of the
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to the east in the central Yukon Te
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occur in a 30-km-long belt along ir
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The Emerald deposit has produced ap
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Ear
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cham oceans were closed, and the Ch
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greisenized Mesozoic granite that i
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composition magmatic bodies (with a
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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to Albian pelecypods (Nokleberg and
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quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite, pol
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thermally altered to siliceous and
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These ore bodies are as much as 1 m
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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Demin, and Krasilnikov, 1974; Nekra
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10 percent Cu, as much as 0.92 perc
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pyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite,
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content decreases with depth, as do
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azdelnoye, (2) porphyry Sn deposits
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Karalveem Au Quartz Vein Deposit Th
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Democrat (Mitchell Lode) Granitoid-
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with high-temperature and high-pres
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chalcocite and covellite and also h
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cum-North Pacific, (2) completion o
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(6) In the Paleocene (about 56 to 6
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sists of cinnabar and metacinnabari
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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groups of deposits are interpreted
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Indian Mountain and Purcell Mountai
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and southeastern Alaska (Moll and P
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Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Bundtz
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g/t Au or 368.2 Au gold. The deposi
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wim Group and altered mafic dikes.
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Mount Nansen porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
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A Map 450 500 550 Cross section Dik
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Cretaceous and early Tertiary conti
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deposits, at Chichagoff and Hirst-C
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others, 1994c, 1997c). The signific
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tonnes grading 0.53 percent Ni, 0.3
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with a 0.25 percent cut-off. The de
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Bulkley Metallogenic Belt of Porphy
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Red Rose W-Au-Cu-Ag Polymetallic Ve
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ish Columbia and consists of severa
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during back-arc extension or transt
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stocks and dikes, is associated wit
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etrograde minnesotaite (Fe talc), F
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Specific Events for Early to Middle
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of fractured and faulted Permian-Tr
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sists of a mineralized fracture zon
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dolomite. Wall rock alteration incl
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elt of late Tertiary plutons that a
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plates that exhibit magnetic anomal
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stages (Petrenko, 1999): (1) In the
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mon. The deposit is of medium size
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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The origin of the Hg deposits of th
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margin or island-arc tectonic envir
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Columbia: Implicatons for the Middl
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Bazard, D.R., Butler, R.F., Gehrels
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Bradley, D.C., Haeussler, P.J., and
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Bundtzen, T.K., Laird, G.M., Caluti
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Cecile, M.P., 1982, The lower Paleo
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Debari, S.M., and Coleman, R.G., 19
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U.S. Bureau of Land Management Open
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Cordilleran Orogen in Canada: Geolo
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Goldfarb, R., Hart, C., Miller, M.,
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Grove, E.W., 1986, Geology and mine
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Høy, T., 1982a, Stratigraphic and
Page 339 and 340:
Jones, D.L., Silberling, N.J., Cone
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Kutyev, F. Sh., Baikov, A.I., Sidor
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Shield—Ultramafic magma and its m
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Manns, F.T., 1981, Stratigraphic as
Page 347 and 348:
Miller, M.L., and Bundtzen, T.K., 1
Page 349 and 350:
Mortimer, N., 1987, The Nicola Grou
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Noble, S.R., Spooner, E.T.C., and H
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Canada Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, S
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Perello, J.A., Fleming, J.A., O’K
Page 357 and 358:
Far East—Mineralogical criteria f
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Roeske, S.M., Mattinson, J.M., and
Page 361 and 362:
Schmidt, J.M., and Zierenberg, R.A.
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formation occurrences: Materialy po
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Struik, L.C., 1986, Imbricated terr
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Valuy, G., and Rostovsky, F., 1988,
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Wolfe, W.J., 1995, Exploration and
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Appendix Table 1. Mineral deposit m
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Table 2 Summary of correlations and
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Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
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Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
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Table 3—Continued Metallogenic Be
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Table 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 369 De
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Table 4—Continued Tracy Metalloge
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 373 In
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Table 4—Continued Deposit Name Mi
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Table 4—Continued Mainits Metallo
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Table 4—Continued Whitehorse Meta
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 389 LA
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Table 4—Continued Surprise Lake M
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Table 4—Continued Sredinny Metall
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