USGS Professional Paper 1697 - Alaska Resources Library

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40 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera Margin (NSV) were the Kotelnyi (KT), Omulevka (OV), Prikolyma (PR), Nixon Fork-Dillinger-Mystic (NX, DL, MY), Viliga (VL), and Zolotogorskiy (ZL) passive continental-margin terranes, the Avekova (AK), Kilbuck-Idono (KI), Okhotsk Position unknown. Possible derivation from Barents Sea region. ? WRA (AX) NSC EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN RIFTS SD, KR (OK) BE BE 0 800 km 0 800 mi NSC NSV, KN (KT) GL OL KEYA KEDON ARC WRA (AX) SICKER ARC (AK) 40 MS (VL) o YR ? UNK (OV) (OM) (KI) ANGAYUCHAM OCEAN 14 o (NX, DL, MYMY) (PR) NAM (SD) UNK (OK), and Omolon (OM) cratonal terranes. Derived from the Devonian continental-margin arc that formed along the margins of the North Asian Craton Margin were the Beryozovka (BE), Oloy (OL), and Yarakvaam (YA) terranes (fig. 18). The SEL TO EARLY MISSISSIPPIAN SINISTRAL-SLIP FAULT AND RIFT (ZL) AT PRE-DEVONIAN DEXTRAL-SLIP SUTURE URS (RA) ? AKY (CO) NAC (AA) (RB) ANCESTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN DE DA BR NCO MP 0 o (KO) NAC LATE DEVONIAN & EARLY FL GA MISSISSIPPIAN (YT) RL RIFT SRM FR TR UNK 387 to 360 Ma. METALLOGENIC BELTS AKY - Alaska Range & Yukon-Tanana Upland AT - Arctic BE - Berezovka River BR - Brooks Range DE - Dempster FL - Finlayson Lake FR - Frances Lake GA - Gataga KE - Kedon KR - Khamna River KS - Kootenay-Shuswap MP - Macmillan Pass MS - Mount Sicker MY - Mystic NBR - Northwestern Brooks Range NCO - Northern Cordillera RL - Robb Lake SD - Sette-Daban SEL - Selennyakh River SRM - Southern Rocky Mountain TR - Tracy TO - Tommot River URS - Urultun & Sudar Rivers YA - Yaroslavka Figure 18. Middle through Late Devonian (387 to 360 Ma) stage of metallogenic-tectonic model for the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera and adjacent offshore areas. Refer to text for explanation of metallogenic-tectonic events and to tables 3 and 4 for descriptions metallogenic belts and significant deposits. Adapted from Nokleberg and others (1997b, 1998, 2000). KS NAM ?
newly created terranes migrated into the Angayucham Ocean. Derived from the North American Craton Margin (NAM) were the Kootenay (KO) and Yukon-Tanana (YT) passive continental-margin terranes. The following metallogenic belts, which contain massive sulfide, carbonatite-related Nb, Ta, and REE, or related deposits, formed during rifting: Berezovka River (BE); Cathedral (CA), Dempster (DE), Finlayson Lake (FL); Gataga (GA), Ingenika (IN), Liard (LI), older part of Mystic CRATON MARGIN TECTONIC ENVIRONMENTS AND GEOLOGIC UNITS EXPLANATION CRATONAL Cratons (No patterns) : NAC , North American; NSC , North Asian; NSS, Stanovoy block; Terranes: AK, Avekova; GN, Gonzha; KI , Kilbuck-Idono; OK, Okhotsk; OM, Omolon CONTINENTAL-MARGIN ARC, ISLAND ARC, OR TURBIDITE BASIN (Subduction-related; includes forearc and backarc, and related turbidite basin deposits) SUBDUCTION-ZONE OR ACCRETIONARY-WEDGE COMPLEX OR OPHIOLITE BACKARC SPREADING OR HOT-SPOT UNITS OCEANIC Craton Margins: NAM, North American; NSV, North Asian (Verkhoyansk foldbelt; NSS, North Asian (Stanovoy block) Passive continental-margin terranes (derived from craton margins): AA, Arctic Alaska; AP, Artis Plateau; CA, Cassiar; CH, Chukotka; CK, Chukchi Cap; CO, Coldfoot; CS, Chukchi Spur; DL, Dillinger; KN, Kula-Nera; KO, Kootenay; KT, Kotel’nyi; LO, Lomonosov; MY, Mystic; NR, Northwind Ridge; NX, Nikon Fork; OL, Oldoi; OV, Omulevka; PC, Porcupine; PR, Prikolyma; RA, Rassokha; RB, Ruby; SD, Seward; SR, Sredinny-Kamchataka; VL, Viliga; WS, Wickersham; YT , Yukon-Tanana; ZL, Continental-margin arcs: al, Aleutian; at, Alaska Range-Talkeetna Mountains; bw, Bowers Ridge; ca, Cascade; ck, Central Kamchatka; cn, Coast-North Cascade; ej, East Japanl; ek, East Kamchatka; es, East Sikhote-Alin; gg, Gravina-Nutzotin-Gambier; io, Indigirka-Oloy; ka, Kamloops; kc, Central Kamchatka; kk, Kamchatka-Koryak; kh, Kahiltna; km, Kuskokwim Mountains; ko, Khingan-Okhotsk; ku, Kuril; mo, Monakin; no, North Okhotsk; oc, Okhotsk- Chukotka; ol, Oloy; os, Oloy-Svyatov Nos; pn, Penzhina; ns Nelson; sb Spences Bridge; sh Shirshov Ridge; sv, Svyotoy-Nos; tt, Tahtsa-Twin Sisters- Francois Lake; ud, Uda; uo, Umlekan-Ogodzhin; wk, West Kamchatka; wr, Wrangell Terranes: AL, Alazeya; AX, Alexander; BE, Beryozovka; BU, Bureya; CD, Cadwallader; CK, Chilliwack River; IR, Iruneisky; IZ, Izee; KE, Kema; KH, Khetachan; KLO, Kolyma-Omolon superterrane; KM, Kony-Murgal; KRO, Kronotskiy; KT, Kotel’nyi; KY, Koyukuk; LA, Lan; LD, Laoelin-Grodekorsk; MAI, Mainitskiy; MT, Methow; NE, Nemuro; NU, Nutesyn; NY, Nyac; PE, Peninsula; OF, Olds Ferry; OKA, Olyutorka-Kamchatka; OL, Oloy; QN, Quesnellia; SB, Stobolvskoy; SG, Sergeevka; SH, Shmidt; ST, Stikinia; SY, Sorachi-Yezo; TG, Togiak; TR, Terpeniya; UB, Uniya-Bom; WA, Wallowa; WP, West Pekul’ney; WR, Wrangellia; WRA, Wrangellia superterrane; WSA, West Sakhalin; YA, Yarakvaam AG, Angayucham; AM, Amur River; AC, Aluchin; AGR, Argatas; ANV, Aniva; AV, Alkatvaam; BA, Baker; BD, Badzhal; BR, Bridge River; CC, Cache Creek; CG, Chugach; DB, Debin; EA, Easton; EK, Ekonay; GB, Garbyn’ya; GD, Goodnews; GL, Galam; GS, Grindstone; HI, Hidaka; HO, Hoh; KB, Khabarovsk; KK, Kamuikotan; KLM, Kiselevka-Manoma; KN, Kula Nera; KUK, Kuril-Kamchatka; MU, Munilkan; NAB, Nabilsky; OC, Olympic Core; OS, Oshima; PA, Penzhina- Anadyr; PK, Pekul’ney; PR, Pacific Rim; PW, Prince William; SA, South Anyui; SM, Slide Mountain; SMA, Samarka; SV, Seventymile; SZ, Siletzia; TD, Turkuringra-Dzhagdi; TL, Talovskiy; TO, Tokoro; TR, Terpeniya; TU, Taukha; UL, Ulban; UNK, Unknown; VE, Velmay; VT, Vetlovskiy; WK, West Kamchatka; YAK, Yakutat; YN, Yanranay am, Alpha and Mendeleev Ridges; bs, Bering Sea; cr, Columbia River; kr, Kuril; sj, Sea of Japan; sp, Sakhalin-Primorye Plates: FAR, Farallon; JF, Juan de Fuca; KULA, Kula; PAC, Pacific; EX, Explorer; Oceanic ridges: GK, Gakkel; JFR, Juan de Fuca; KOM, Komandorsky POST-ACCRETION OVERLAP SEDIMENTARY AND VOLCANIC UNIT, SUBMARINE FAN, OR OCEAN BASIN DEPOSIT ab, Amerasia Basin; ar, Anadyr; atb, Aleutian-Bowers; bo, Bowser; bu, Bureya; cb, Canada Basin; cf, Cordilleran Foreland; co, Colville; eb, Eurasia Basin; kb, Kuibiveem; kn, Kandik River; kw, Kuskokwim COLLAGE OF PREVIOUSLY ACCRETED TERRANES AND EXTINCT TERRANES, OVERLAP ASSEMBLAGES, AND BACKARC UNITS (names of units in parentheses) COLL, Collages of various accreted terranes (some labeled); ASC, Academy of Sciences; IOC, Institute of Oceanology; KT, Kotel’nyi; TA, Taymyr Peninsula Figure 18.—Continued. Middle and Late Devonian Metallogenic Belts (387 to 360 Ma; figures 16, 17) 41 (MY), Northern Cordillera (NCO), Macmillan Pass (MP), Robb Lake (RL), Selennyakh River (SEL), Sette-Daban (SD), Southern Rocky Mountain (SRM), Tommot River (TO), Urultun and Sudar Rivers (URS), and Yarkhodon (YR). (4) The Sicker island arc was active along most of the length of the Wrangellia superterrane (WRA), which at this time was composed only of the Alexander sequence (AX) of the Wrangellia superterrane. Associated with the Sicker arc B B CONTACTS AND FAULTS (Dashed where concealed or approximately located; querried where unknown) Contact DE (cb) 14 o Thrust fault, barbs on upper plate Strike-slip fault Regional continental-rift. Barbs towards extended area Subduction zone, barbs point toward subducting margin Transform fault along oceanic ridge SYMBOLS Oceanic ridges: GK, Gakkel; JFR, Juan de Fuca Backarc spreading, barbs face spreading basin Zone of active metamorphism and deformation of continental margin Zone of blueschist-facies metamorphism Fault name abbreviation Abbreviations for extensive extinct basin, previously accreted terranes, or inactive arcs in parentheses Direction of tectonic migration or major oroclinal bending Paleopole Paleolatitude PLUTONIC BELTS Collisional granite belts: ma, Main; no, Northern; om, Omineca-Selwyn; tr, transverse; wvk, West Verkhoyansk Subduction-related continental-margin plutonic rocks Oceanic-ridge-related plutonic rocks: sab, Sanak-Baranof plutonic belt FAULT NAMES AD Adycha-Taryn AL Aleutian megathrust CA Central Sikhote-Alin CC Cascadia megathrust CO Contact DE Denali FS Frasier-Straight Creek HA Harrison KA Kaltag KE Ketanga KK Kuril Kamchatka megathrust KO Kobuk-South Fork LE Lena Boundary of neotectonic block defined by modern seismicity METALLOGENIC BELT OH Relative direction and motion of oceanic plate and continental plates with respect to North American or North Asian Cratons LS Lyakhov-South Anyui MO Mongol-Okhotsk MY Myatisk NF Nixon Fork RL Ross Lake QC Queen Charlotte- Fairweather SH Sakhalin-Hokkaido TE Teslin TI Tintina UL Ulban UM Ulakhay Metallogenic belt with abbreviation
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USGS Prepared in collaboration with
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U.S. Department of the Interior Gal
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iv Hart River SEDEX Zn-Cu-Ag Deposi
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vi Specific Events for Middle Throu
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viii Metallogenic Belts Formed Duri
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x Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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xii Toodoggone Metallogenic Belt of
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xiv Slate Creek Serpentinite-Hosted
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xvi Left Omolon Belt of Porphyry Mo
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xviii Origin of and Tectonic Contro
Page 21 and 22: xx Chukotka Metallogenic Belt of Au
Page 23 and 24: xxii Plutonic Rocks Hosting East-Ce
Page 25 and 26: xxiv Skeena Metallogenic Belt of Po
Page 27 and 28: xxvi Bee Creek Porphyry Cu Deposit
Page 29 and 30: xxviii 36. Wellgreen gabbroic Ni-Cu
Page 31 and 32: xxx 87. Partizanskoe Pb-Zn skarn de
Page 33 and 34: Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
Page 35 and 36: format (Nokleberg and others, 1996)
Page 37 and 38: logenesis of the region (1) subduct
Page 39 and 40: Subterrane—A fault-bounded unit w
Page 41 and 42: dilemma consists of two conflicting
Page 43 and 44: 2 to 20 m thick. A related dolomite
Page 45 and 46: Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic B
Page 47 and 48: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 49 and 50: Metallogenic Belts Formed During Pr
Page 51 and 52: as at Oz, Monster, and Tart, may al
Page 53 and 54: Monashee Metallogenic Belt of Sedim
Page 55 and 56: Clark Range Metallogenic Belt of Se
Page 57 and 58: in addition to the Fe deposits. Min
Page 59 and 60: study) consists of lenses, from 100
Page 61 and 62: Omulev Austrian Alps W Deposit The
Page 63 and 64: ock, including coarse clastic rock,
Page 65 and 66: lative metalliferous brines in a re
Page 67 and 68: Prince of Wales Island Metallogenic
Page 69 and 70: suite of deposits and host rocks ar
Page 71: margin of the North American Craton
Page 75 and 76: (Ryazantzeva and Shurko, 1992). The
Page 77 and 78: tonnes Au and an average grade of a
Page 79 and 80: mafic and felsic metavolcanic rocks
Page 81 and 82: intrusion from about 402 to 366 Ma
Page 85 and 86: mentary rocks of the Cambrian to De
Page 87 and 88: (Preto and Schiarizza, 1985; Schiar
Page 91 and 92: ate and clastic rocks and volcanicl
Page 93 and 94: (Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c
Page 95 and 96: Berezovka River Metallogenic Belt o
Page 99 and 100: Finlayson Lake Metallogenic Belt of
Page 101 and 102: and barite in siliceous black turbi
Page 103 and 104: Windermere Creek (Western Gypsum) C
Page 105 and 106: (NX, DL, MY), Viliga (VL), and Zolo
Page 107 and 108: South of the main east-west-trendin
Page 109 and 110: ated subduction zone in the Wrangel
Page 111 and 112: icite-biotite-quartz bodies in frac
Page 113 and 114: Canada Cordillera. The granitoid ro
Page 115 and 116: Viliga (VL) passive continental-mar
Page 117 and 118: 32; tables 3, 4) occurs along the n
Page 119 and 120: superterrane, consists mainly of ma
Page 121 and 122: ers, 1994c, 1997c). In southern Bri
Page 123 and 124:
mental volcanic rocks of intermedia
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a resource of 34.3 million tonnes o
Page 127 and 128:
potassic zone. Combined estimated p
Page 129 and 130:
and quartz monzodiorite stock and s
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and Omolon (OM) cratonal terranes,
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in volcanic and volcaniclastic rock
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minor calcite, and sporadic pyrite
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supergene blanket are interpreted a
Page 139 and 140:
deposits and occurrences consist of
Page 141 and 142:
onto the Omulevka terrane to form t
Page 143 and 144:
superterrane. This belt is interpre
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to form along the leading edge of t
Page 147 and 148:
quartz, and is virtually not associ
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deposits are at Terrassnoe and Kuna
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Peschanka Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit Th
Page 153 and 154:
The belt is hosted in the Late Jura
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in a island arc that was tectonical
Page 157 and 158:
and Early Cretaceous Koyukuk island
Page 159 and 160:
The deposit consists of disseminate
Page 161 and 162:
The Orange Hill deposit contains an
Page 163 and 164:
49; tables 3, 4) (Foley and others,
Page 165 and 166:
locally Late Triassic marine volcan
Page 167 and 168:
gold in a gangue of quartz, calcite
Page 169 and 170:
Verkhoyansk granite belt, which int
Page 171 and 172:
metallogenic belts are interpreted
Page 173 and 174:
assemblages, which may have been mo
Page 175 and 176:
during hypogene and supergene alter
Page 177 and 178:
collision and regional thrusting, t
Page 179 and 180:
Yur Au Quartz Vein Deposit The smal
Page 181 and 182:
phase has a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 1
Page 183 and 184:
sian Northeast. The belt is hosted
Page 185 and 186:
Host Granitoid Rocks and Associated
Page 187 and 188:
that are up to 600-1,500 m long, av
Page 189 and 190:
Metallogenic Belts Formed During La
Page 191 and 192:
y partly coeval plutons that range
Page 193 and 194:
tion is interpreted as occuring by
Page 195 and 196:
the Badzhal-Ezop and Khingan parts
Page 197 and 198:
and comagmatic with volcanic rocks;
Page 199 and 200:
as interpreted for the Rock Creek d
Page 201 and 202:
source (Yeo, 1992). The Blow River
Page 203 and 204:
2000). The spatial location of the
Page 205 and 206:
to the east in the central Yukon Te
Page 207 and 208:
occur in a 30-km-long belt along ir
Page 209 and 210:
The Emerald deposit has produced ap
Page 211 and 212:
Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Ear
Page 213 and 214:
cham oceans were closed, and the Ch
Page 215 and 216:
greisenized Mesozoic granite that i
Page 217 and 218:
composition magmatic bodies (with a
Page 219 and 220:
Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 221 and 222:
to Albian pelecypods (Nokleberg and
Page 223 and 224:
quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite, pol
Page 225 and 226:
thermally altered to siliceous and
Page 227 and 228:
These ore bodies are as much as 1 m
Page 229 and 230:
Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 231 and 232:
Demin, and Krasilnikov, 1974; Nekra
Page 233 and 234:
10 percent Cu, as much as 0.92 perc
Page 235 and 236:
pyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite,
Page 237 and 238:
content decreases with depth, as do
Page 239 and 240:
azdelnoye, (2) porphyry Sn deposits
Page 241 and 242:
Karalveem Au Quartz Vein Deposit Th
Page 243 and 244:
Democrat (Mitchell Lode) Granitoid-
Page 245 and 246:
with high-temperature and high-pres
Page 247 and 248:
chalcocite and covellite and also h
Page 249 and 250:
cum-North Pacific, (2) completion o
Page 251 and 252:
(6) In the Paleocene (about 56 to 6
Page 253 and 254:
sists of cinnabar and metacinnabari
Page 255 and 256:
Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 257 and 258:
groups of deposits are interpreted
Page 259 and 260:
Indian Mountain and Purcell Mountai
Page 261 and 262:
and southeastern Alaska (Moll and P
Page 263 and 264:
Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Bundtz
Page 265 and 266:
g/t Au or 368.2 Au gold. The deposi
Page 267 and 268:
wim Group and altered mafic dikes.
Page 269 and 270:
Mount Nansen porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
Page 271 and 272:
A Map 450 500 550 Cross section Dik
Page 273 and 274:
Cretaceous and early Tertiary conti
Page 275 and 276:
deposits, at Chichagoff and Hirst-C
Page 277 and 278:
others, 1994c, 1997c). The signific
Page 279 and 280:
tonnes grading 0.53 percent Ni, 0.3
Page 281 and 282:
with a 0.25 percent cut-off. The de
Page 283 and 284:
Bulkley Metallogenic Belt of Porphy
Page 285 and 286:
Red Rose W-Au-Cu-Ag Polymetallic Ve
Page 287 and 288:
ish Columbia and consists of severa
Page 289 and 290:
during back-arc extension or transt
Page 291 and 292:
stocks and dikes, is associated wit
Page 293 and 294:
etrograde minnesotaite (Fe talc), F
Page 295 and 296:
Specific Events for Early to Middle
Page 297 and 298:
of fractured and faulted Permian-Tr
Page 299 and 300:
sists of a mineralized fracture zon
Page 301 and 302:
dolomite. Wall rock alteration incl
Page 303 and 304:
elt of late Tertiary plutons that a
Page 305 and 306:
plates that exhibit magnetic anomal
Page 307 and 308:
stages (Petrenko, 1999): (1) In the
Page 309 and 310:
mon. The deposit is of medium size
Page 311 and 312:
Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
Page 313 and 314:
The origin of the Hg deposits of th
Page 315 and 316:
margin or island-arc tectonic envir
Page 317 and 318:
Columbia: Implicatons for the Middl
Page 319 and 320:
Bazard, D.R., Butler, R.F., Gehrels
Page 321 and 322:
Bradley, D.C., Haeussler, P.J., and
Page 323 and 324:
Bundtzen, T.K., Laird, G.M., Caluti
Page 325 and 326:
Cecile, M.P., 1982, The lower Paleo
Page 327 and 328:
Debari, S.M., and Coleman, R.G., 19
Page 329 and 330:
U.S. Bureau of Land Management Open
Page 331 and 332:
Cordilleran Orogen in Canada: Geolo
Page 333 and 334:
Goldfarb, R., Hart, C., Miller, M.,
Page 335 and 336:
Grove, E.W., 1986, Geology and mine
Page 337 and 338:
Høy, T., 1982a, Stratigraphic and
Page 339 and 340:
Jones, D.L., Silberling, N.J., Cone
Page 341 and 342:
Kutyev, F. Sh., Baikov, A.I., Sidor
Page 343 and 344:
Shield—Ultramafic magma and its m
Page 345 and 346:
Manns, F.T., 1981, Stratigraphic as
Page 347 and 348:
Miller, M.L., and Bundtzen, T.K., 1
Page 349 and 350:
Mortimer, N., 1987, The Nicola Grou
Page 351 and 352:
Noble, S.R., Spooner, E.T.C., and H
Page 353 and 354:
Canada Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, S
Page 355 and 356:
Perello, J.A., Fleming, J.A., O’K
Page 357 and 358:
Far East—Mineralogical criteria f
Page 359 and 360:
Roeske, S.M., Mattinson, J.M., and
Page 361 and 362:
Schmidt, J.M., and Zierenberg, R.A.
Page 363 and 364:
formation occurrences: Materialy po
Page 365 and 366:
Struik, L.C., 1986, Imbricated terr
Page 367 and 368:
Valuy, G., and Rostovsky, F., 1988,
Page 369 and 370:
Wolfe, W.J., 1995, Exploration and
Page 371 and 372:
Appendix Table 1. Mineral deposit m
Page 373 and 374:
Table 2 Summary of correlations and
Page 375 and 376:
Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
Page 377 and 378:
Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
Page 379 and 380:
Table 3—Continued Metallogenic Be
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Table 4. Significant lode deposits,
Page 401 and 402:
Table 4—Continued Appendix 369 De
Page 403 and 404:
Table 4—Continued Tracy Metalloge
Page 405 and 406:
Table 4—Continued Appendix 373 In
Page 407 and 408:
Table 4—Continued Deposit Name Mi
Page 409 and 410:
Table 4—Continued Mainits Metallo
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Table 4—Continued Whitehorse Meta
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Table 4—Continued Appendix 389 LA
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Table 4—Continued Surprise Lake M
Page 427 and 428:
Table 4—Continued Sredinny Metall
Page 429:
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