USGS Professional Paper 1697 - Alaska Resources Library

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36 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera has a K-Ar isotopic age of 429 Ma. The deposit is interpreted to be magmatic; however, considerable hydrothermal remobilization of sulfides has occurred. Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Prince of Wales Island Metallogenic Belt The continental-margin arc-related deposits of the Prince of Wales Island metallogenic belt are mainly hosted in Orodovician and Silurian granitoid rocks that intrude early Paleozoic stratified Wano Prospect (Cu) Copper Lake Gabbro Quartz monzonite Pyroxenite Poison and Ickis Prospect Quartz diorite Syenite, both red and blue-gray phases Mainly syenite and lesser diorite and quartz monzonite Aplite and aplite dikes Descon Formation - Chiefly metavolcanic rock derived from mainly andesite and basalt McLean Arm Cu, Au Late Silurian or older Ordovician and Silurian rocks of the Alexander sequence of the Wrangellia superterrane (Nokleberg and others, 1995a). The stratified rocks consist of felsic to mafic volcanic and associated marine sedimentary rocks. The known porphyry Cu and associated deposits occur in plutons that range from 472 to 432 Ma in age (Turner and others; 1977; Herreid and others, 1978; Eberlein and others, 1983; Gehrels, 1992; Gehrels and Berg, 1992). The zoned mafic-ultramafic Salt Chuck deposit, one of a series of mafic-ultramafic bodies intruding the Descon Formation (Loney and Himmelberg, 1992), has a K-Ar isotopic age of 429 Ma (Loney and others, 1987). This Veta Prospect (Cu, Au, Mo, Ag) 0 Mallard Bay Ag, U Ankerite alteration halo Albite alteration halo Sericite alteration halo Prospect or deposit showing principle commodities Fault Contact Figure 14. McLean Arm porphyry Cu-Mo district, Prince of Wales Island metallogenic belt, southeastern Alaska. Adapted from MacKevett (1963), Gehrels (1992), T.K. Bundtzen, F.D. Forgeran, and L.W. LeRoy (written comm., 1993), and Nokleberg and others (1995). See figure 3 and table 4 for location.
suite of deposits and host rocks are interpreted as forming during Ordovician and Silurian, subduction-related, island-arc magmatism in the Alexander sequence of the Wrangellia superterrane (Gehrels and Berg, 1994; Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1995a, Goose Creek 40 45 Foot Lake 0 1 2 km Lake Ellen Lake No 3 45 30 80 45 50 Rush and Brown Mine North Lake 20 30 Salt Chuck Mine 85 Power Lake 20 Lakes, tide-water, and tidal zones (Holocene) Surficial deposits (Holocene). Chiefly alluvium, tidal mudflat, and glaciofluvial deposits Quartz diorite porphyry (Cretaceous?). Contains large plagioclase phenocrysts Metaigneous complex (Early Devonian to Early Ordovican). Chiefly hornblende and (or) quartz chloritic magmatite, leucogabbro, trondhjemite, and minor pyroxenite. Cut by mafic and felsic dike swarms Salt Chuck intrusion (Early Devonian? to Early Ordovician). Chiefly sulfide-bearing clinopyroxenite and gabbro. Gabbro Clinopyroxenite Undivided gabbro and clinopyroxenite 65 40 Descon Formation (Lower Silurian and Ordovician). Stream Contact, approximately located Fault, approximately located Strike and dip of cumulate layering Strike and dip of bedding Mine shaft Salt Chuck 40 Loon Lake Figure 15. Salt Chuck zoned mafic-ultramafic Cu-Au-PGE deposit, Prince of Wales Island metallogenic belt, southeastern Alaska. Schematic geologic map. Adapted from Loney and Himmelberg (1992). See figure 3 and table 4 for location. Middle and Late Devonian Metallogenic Belts (387 to 360 Ma; figures 16, 17) 37 1997c, Goldfarb, 1997). The granitoid plutons and associated plutons are herein interpreted as forming at intermediate levels of the arc, whereas the Salt Chuck zoned-mafic-ultramafic deposit is herein interpreted as forming from magmas that intruded into the deeper levels of the arc. Middle and Late Devonian Metallogenic Belts (387 to 360 Ma; figures 16, 17) Overview The major Middle and Late Devonian metallogenic belts in the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera are summarized in table 3 and portrayed on figures 16 and 17. The major belts are as follows (1) In the Russian Southeast, the Yaroslavka (YA) belt, which contains F and Sn greisen deposits, is hosted in the Khanka continental-margin arc terrane. The belt is interpreted as forming during anatectic granitic plutonism that occurred during terrane accretion. (2) In the Russian Northeast, Northern Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera, the Arctic (AT), Brooks Range (BR), Dawson (DA) Frances Lake (FR), Kedon (KE), Kootenay-Shuswap (KS), and Tracy (TR) belts contain deposits associated with felsic to mafic marine volcanism or with granitic magmatism. These belts are hosted in the North Asian or North American Cratons or Craton Margins or in cratonal or continental-margin (arc) terranes that were derived from those craton margins. These belts are interpreted to be associated with formation of a short-lived continental-margin arc (Kedon arc in the Russian Northeast) along the margin of the North Asian Craton and Craton Margin and the North American Craton Margin. (3) In southern Alaska and the Canadian Cordillera, the Mount Sicker belt, which contains kuroko massive sulfide deposits, is hosted in the Wrangellia island-arc superterrane. This belt is interpreted as forming during subduction-related volcanism in the short-lived Sicker island arc. In the Russian Northeast, Alaska, and Canadian Cordillera, the Berezovka River (BE), Cathedral (CA), Dempster (DE), Finlayson Lake (FL); Gataga (GA), Ingenika (IN), Liard (LI), Northern Cordillera (NCO), Macmillan Pass (MP), older part of Mystic (MY), Robb Lake (RL), Selennyakh River (SEL), Sette-Daban (SD), Southern Rocky Mountain (SRM), Tommot River (TO), Urultun and Sudar Rivers (URS), and Yarkhodon (YR) belts, which contain massive sulfide, bedded barite, carbonatite-related Nb, Ta, and REE, and related deposits, are hosted either in the North Asian or North American Craton Margins or in passive continental margin terranes derived from those craton margins. These belts are interpreted as forming during late Late Devonian and (or) Early Mississippian rifting of either the North Asian or the North American Craton Margins (table 3) or during generation of low-temperature brines from adajacent shale basins. In the below descriptions of metallogenic belts, a few of the noteable or significant lode deposits (table 4) are described for each belt.
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USGS Prepared in collaboration with
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U.S. Department of the Interior Gal
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iv Hart River SEDEX Zn-Cu-Ag Deposi
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vi Specific Events for Middle Throu
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viii Metallogenic Belts Formed Duri
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x Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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xii Toodoggone Metallogenic Belt of
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xiv Slate Creek Serpentinite-Hosted
Page 17 and 18: xvi Left Omolon Belt of Porphyry Mo
Page 19 and 20: xviii Origin of and Tectonic Contro
Page 21 and 22: xx Chukotka Metallogenic Belt of Au
Page 23 and 24: xxii Plutonic Rocks Hosting East-Ce
Page 25 and 26: xxiv Skeena Metallogenic Belt of Po
Page 27 and 28: xxvi Bee Creek Porphyry Cu Deposit
Page 29 and 30: xxviii 36. Wellgreen gabbroic Ni-Cu
Page 31 and 32: xxx 87. Partizanskoe Pb-Zn skarn de
Page 33 and 34: Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
Page 35 and 36: format (Nokleberg and others, 1996)
Page 37 and 38: logenesis of the region (1) subduct
Page 39 and 40: Subterrane—A fault-bounded unit w
Page 41 and 42: dilemma consists of two conflicting
Page 43 and 44: 2 to 20 m thick. A related dolomite
Page 45 and 46: Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic B
Page 47 and 48: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 49 and 50: Metallogenic Belts Formed During Pr
Page 51 and 52: as at Oz, Monster, and Tart, may al
Page 53 and 54: Monashee Metallogenic Belt of Sedim
Page 55 and 56: Clark Range Metallogenic Belt of Se
Page 57 and 58: in addition to the Fe deposits. Min
Page 59 and 60: study) consists of lenses, from 100
Page 61 and 62: Omulev Austrian Alps W Deposit The
Page 63 and 64: ock, including coarse clastic rock,
Page 65 and 66: lative metalliferous brines in a re
Page 67: Prince of Wales Island Metallogenic
Page 71 and 72: margin of the North American Craton
Page 73 and 74: newly created terranes migrated int
Page 75 and 76: (Ryazantzeva and Shurko, 1992). The
Page 77 and 78: tonnes Au and an average grade of a
Page 79 and 80: mafic and felsic metavolcanic rocks
Page 81 and 82: intrusion from about 402 to 366 Ma
Page 85 and 86: mentary rocks of the Cambrian to De
Page 87 and 88: (Preto and Schiarizza, 1985; Schiar
Page 91 and 92: ate and clastic rocks and volcanicl
Page 93 and 94: (Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c
Page 95 and 96: Berezovka River Metallogenic Belt o
Page 99 and 100: Finlayson Lake Metallogenic Belt of
Page 101 and 102: and barite in siliceous black turbi
Page 103 and 104: Windermere Creek (Western Gypsum) C
Page 105 and 106: (NX, DL, MY), Viliga (VL), and Zolo
Page 107 and 108: South of the main east-west-trendin
Page 109 and 110: ated subduction zone in the Wrangel
Page 111 and 112: icite-biotite-quartz bodies in frac
Page 113 and 114: Canada Cordillera. The granitoid ro
Page 115 and 116: Viliga (VL) passive continental-mar
Page 117 and 118: 32; tables 3, 4) occurs along the n
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superterrane, consists mainly of ma
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ers, 1994c, 1997c). In southern Bri
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mental volcanic rocks of intermedia
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a resource of 34.3 million tonnes o
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potassic zone. Combined estimated p
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and quartz monzodiorite stock and s
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and Omolon (OM) cratonal terranes,
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in volcanic and volcaniclastic rock
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minor calcite, and sporadic pyrite
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supergene blanket are interpreted a
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deposits and occurrences consist of
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onto the Omulevka terrane to form t
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superterrane. This belt is interpre
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to form along the leading edge of t
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quartz, and is virtually not associ
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deposits are at Terrassnoe and Kuna
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Peschanka Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit Th
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The belt is hosted in the Late Jura
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in a island arc that was tectonical
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and Early Cretaceous Koyukuk island
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The deposit consists of disseminate
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The Orange Hill deposit contains an
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49; tables 3, 4) (Foley and others,
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locally Late Triassic marine volcan
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gold in a gangue of quartz, calcite
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Verkhoyansk granite belt, which int
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metallogenic belts are interpreted
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assemblages, which may have been mo
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during hypogene and supergene alter
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collision and regional thrusting, t
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Yur Au Quartz Vein Deposit The smal
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phase has a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 1
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sian Northeast. The belt is hosted
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Host Granitoid Rocks and Associated
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that are up to 600-1,500 m long, av
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Metallogenic Belts Formed During La
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y partly coeval plutons that range
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tion is interpreted as occuring by
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the Badzhal-Ezop and Khingan parts
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and comagmatic with volcanic rocks;
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as interpreted for the Rock Creek d
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source (Yeo, 1992). The Blow River
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2000). The spatial location of the
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to the east in the central Yukon Te
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occur in a 30-km-long belt along ir
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The Emerald deposit has produced ap
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Ear
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cham oceans were closed, and the Ch
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greisenized Mesozoic granite that i
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composition magmatic bodies (with a
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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to Albian pelecypods (Nokleberg and
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quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite, pol
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thermally altered to siliceous and
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These ore bodies are as much as 1 m
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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Demin, and Krasilnikov, 1974; Nekra
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10 percent Cu, as much as 0.92 perc
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pyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite,
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content decreases with depth, as do
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azdelnoye, (2) porphyry Sn deposits
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Karalveem Au Quartz Vein Deposit Th
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Democrat (Mitchell Lode) Granitoid-
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with high-temperature and high-pres
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chalcocite and covellite and also h
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cum-North Pacific, (2) completion o
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(6) In the Paleocene (about 56 to 6
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sists of cinnabar and metacinnabari
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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groups of deposits are interpreted
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Indian Mountain and Purcell Mountai
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and southeastern Alaska (Moll and P
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Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Bundtz
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g/t Au or 368.2 Au gold. The deposi
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wim Group and altered mafic dikes.
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Mount Nansen porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
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A Map 450 500 550 Cross section Dik
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Cretaceous and early Tertiary conti
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deposits, at Chichagoff and Hirst-C
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others, 1994c, 1997c). The signific
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tonnes grading 0.53 percent Ni, 0.3
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with a 0.25 percent cut-off. The de
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Bulkley Metallogenic Belt of Porphy
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Red Rose W-Au-Cu-Ag Polymetallic Ve
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ish Columbia and consists of severa
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during back-arc extension or transt
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stocks and dikes, is associated wit
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etrograde minnesotaite (Fe talc), F
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Specific Events for Early to Middle
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of fractured and faulted Permian-Tr
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sists of a mineralized fracture zon
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dolomite. Wall rock alteration incl
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elt of late Tertiary plutons that a
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plates that exhibit magnetic anomal
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stages (Petrenko, 1999): (1) In the
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mon. The deposit is of medium size
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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The origin of the Hg deposits of th
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margin or island-arc tectonic envir
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Columbia: Implicatons for the Middl
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Bazard, D.R., Butler, R.F., Gehrels
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Bradley, D.C., Haeussler, P.J., and
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Bundtzen, T.K., Laird, G.M., Caluti
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Cecile, M.P., 1982, The lower Paleo
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Debari, S.M., and Coleman, R.G., 19
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U.S. Bureau of Land Management Open
Page 331 and 332:
Cordilleran Orogen in Canada: Geolo
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Goldfarb, R., Hart, C., Miller, M.,
Page 335 and 336:
Grove, E.W., 1986, Geology and mine
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Høy, T., 1982a, Stratigraphic and
Page 339 and 340:
Jones, D.L., Silberling, N.J., Cone
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Kutyev, F. Sh., Baikov, A.I., Sidor
Page 343 and 344:
Shield—Ultramafic magma and its m
Page 345 and 346:
Manns, F.T., 1981, Stratigraphic as
Page 347 and 348:
Miller, M.L., and Bundtzen, T.K., 1
Page 349 and 350:
Mortimer, N., 1987, The Nicola Grou
Page 351 and 352:
Noble, S.R., Spooner, E.T.C., and H
Page 353 and 354:
Canada Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, S
Page 355 and 356:
Perello, J.A., Fleming, J.A., O’K
Page 357 and 358:
Far East—Mineralogical criteria f
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Roeske, S.M., Mattinson, J.M., and
Page 361 and 362:
Schmidt, J.M., and Zierenberg, R.A.
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formation occurrences: Materialy po
Page 365 and 366:
Struik, L.C., 1986, Imbricated terr
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Valuy, G., and Rostovsky, F., 1988,
Page 369 and 370:
Wolfe, W.J., 1995, Exploration and
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Appendix Table 1. Mineral deposit m
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Table 2 Summary of correlations and
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Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
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Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
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Table 3—Continued Metallogenic Be
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Table 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 369 De
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Table 4—Continued Tracy Metalloge
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 373 In
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Table 4—Continued Deposit Name Mi
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Table 4—Continued Mainits Metallo
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Table 4—Continued Whitehorse Meta
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 389 LA
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Page 425 and 426:
Table 4—Continued Surprise Lake M
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Table 4—Continued Sredinny Metall
Page 429:
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