USGS Professional Paper 1697 - Alaska Resources Library

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Table 3—Tectonic environment of Proterozoic and Phanerozoic metallogenic belts in the Russian Far East, <strong>Alaska</strong>, and the Canadian Cordillera. [Refer to figures showing generalized maps of major metallogenic belts for location of metallogenic belts. For each time interval (time-stage) in the metallogenic-tectonic model, the metallogenic belts are listed in a clockwise order, according to similar tectonic environments, starting with the area of the Russian Southeast and ending with the area of the southern Canadian Cordillera. Environment refers to metallogenic-tectonic environment of host rocks as defined and described here. Time scale is from Palmer (1983). Metallogenic belts are defined and adapted from Nokleberg and others (1997a,b, 1998b) and as modified herein. Abbreviations given for metallogenic belts as depicted on generalized maps of metallogenic belts and host rocks nd on metallogenic-tectonic model for Devonian through Present.] PROTEROZOIC METALLOGENIC BELTS (2500 TO 570 Ma) (fi gs. 2, 3) Metallogenic Belt Major Mineral Deposits Types. Environment and Tectonic Event and (Abbreviation) (Signifi cant Mineral Deposits) Host Unit Comments Metallogenic Belts Formed During Proterozoic Rifting of North Asian Craton or Craton Margin Oroek (OK) Ironstone (Superior Fe), sediment-hosted Passive continental margin. Sedimentation along Proterozoic passive continental margin (ironstone Cu. Prikolyma terrane. deposits). Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic incipient rifting of passive continental margin (sediment-hosted Cu deposits). Lantarsky- Anorthosite Apatite-Ti-Fe. Gabbro and anorthosite plutons, Mesoproterozoic rifting of passive continental margin of North Asian Craton Dzhugdzhur (LD) (Bogidenskoe, Gayumskoe, and alkali granites intruding and intrusion of gabbro and anorthosite plutons and relatively younger, Maimakanskoe, Dzhaninskoe) Gabbroic Cu-Ni-Co-PGE (Avlandzhinsky, Kontaktovy, Nyandomi Ozerny, Odorin) North Asian Craton. Rapakivi-type alkalic granite. Ulkan (UL) Felsic Plutonic rare-earth element (REE) REE granite, alkalic dikes, Possible formed during Mesoproterozoic rifting? and related deposits. and altered basalt in or near (Albititovoe, Burgundiy, Gurjanouskoe, Paleoproterozoic Ulkan Krasnogorskoe, Mezhdurechnoe, volcano-tectonic basin Nygvagan, Ulkanskoe, Uzhnoe, overlying older units of North Zapadnoe) Asian Craton. Bilyakchan (BI) Sediment-hosted Cu and basalt Cu. Passive continental margin. Sedimentation along Proterozoic passive continental margin (ironstone Verkhoyansk fold belt, North Asian Craton Margin. deposits). Neoproterozoic incipient rifting of passive continental margin. Omolon (OM) Ironstone (Superior Fe). Marine sedimentation. Sedimentation along Paleoproterozoic passive continental margin. (Verkhny-Omolon)) Omolon terrane. Terrane interpreted as a rifted fragment of North Asian Craton. Kilbuck (KI) Ironstone (Superior Fe). Marine sedimentation. Sedimentation along Paleoproterozoic passive continental margin. (Canyon Creek) Kilbuck terrane (pre-rifting). Rifted fragment of North Asian Craton. Metallogenic Belts Formed During Proterozoic Sedimentation, Rifting, and Hydrothermal Activity Along North American Craton or Craton Margin Sinuk River (SR) Stratiform massive sulfi de-barite. Marine volcanism. Interpreted as forming during marine volcanogenic rifting(?) of the North (Aurora Creek, Nelson, Rocky Mountain Creek, Quarry) Stratabound Fe and Mn (American, Bear, Cub, Monarch) Seward terrane. American Continental Margin. Gillespie (GE) SEDEX Zn-Cu-Pb-Au-Ag. Mafi c plutons intruding North Intrusion of gabbro and diorite sills during rifting of Paleoproterozoic (Blende, Hart River) American Craton Margin. passive continental margin? Wernecke (WR) U-Cu-Fe (Au-Co) vein and breccia Hydrothermal replacement? Hydrothermal activity along Paleoproterozoic passive continental margin. (Igor) North American Craton Margin. 346 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, <strong>Alaska</strong>, and the Canadian Cordillera
Table 3—Continued Metallogenic Belt Major Mineral Deposits Types. Environment and Tectonic Event and (Abbreviation) (Signifi cant Mineral Deposits) Host Unit Comments Rapitan (RA) Iron formation. Marine sedimentation. Marine exhalation along Mesoproterozoic North American Craton Margin. (Crest Iron) North American Craton Margin. Metallogenic Belts Formed During Proterozoic Rifting of North American Craton or Craton Margin Redstone (RD) Sediment-hosted Cu-Ag. Rifted continental margin. Incipient rifting of Paleoproterozoic North American Craton Margin. (Coates Lake) North American Craton Margin. Churchill (CH) Cu vein Rifted continental margin. Mesoproterozoic rifting of Proterozoic North American Craton Margin. (Churchill (Davis Keays)) North American Craton Margin. Monashee (MO) SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag. Rifted craton. Paleoproterozoic rifting of North American Craton. (Big Ledge and Ruddock Creek) Fragment of North American Craton. Purcell (PR) SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag. Rifted continental margin. Incipient rifting of Proterozoic North American Craton Margin. (Sullivan, Moyie, Vine) North American Craton Margin. Clark Range (CR) Sediment-hosted Cu-Ag deposits Rifted continental margin. North American Craton Margin. Mesoproterozoic rifting of Proterozoic North American Craton Margin. CAMBRIAN THROUGH SILURIAN METALLOGENIC BELTS (570 to 408 Ma) (fi gs. 2, 3) Metallogenic Belts Formed During Early Paleozoic Marine Sedimentation in Rifted Fragments of Gondwandaland Supercontinent Voznesenka (VZ) Korean Pb-Zn Marine sedimentation. Rifting of early Paleozoic (Cambrian) continental margin. (Chernyshevskoe) Khanka superterrane. Rifted fragment of Gondwandaland supercontinent. Kabarga (KA) Ironstone (Superior Fe) Marine sedimentation. Sedimentation along early Paleozoic (Cambrian) continental margin. (Ussuri) Khanka superterrane. Rifted fragment of Gondwandaland supercontinent. Metallogenic Belts Formed During Early Paleozoic Sedimentation or Marine Volcanism in Manchurid and Altaid Orogenic Systems South Khingan (SK) Ironstone (Superior Fe). Marine sedimentation. Sedimentation along early Paleozoic passive continental margin. (South Khingan, Kimkanskoe) Bureya superterrane. Part of Manchurid orogenic system. Gar (GA) Volcanogenic Fe, Cu massive sulfi de, Continental-margin arc. Subduction-related volcanism associated with early Paleozoic (Cambrian) stratiform Zn-Pb. Khingan terrane. continental-margin arc. (Gar, Kamenushinskoe, Chagoyan) Part of Altaid orogenic system. Metallogenic Belts Formed During Early Paleozoic Sea-Floor Spreading, Regional Metamorphism, or During Subduction-Related Volcanism in Russian Far East Terranes Galam (GL) Volcanogenic Fe and Mn; sedimentary P. Ocean fl oor volcanism. Sea-fl oor spreading in early Paleozoic (Cambrian) forming part of ancestral (Gerbikanskoe) Galam accretionary-wedge terrane. Pacifi c Ocean. Omulevka River Austrian Alps W, Kipushi Cu-Pb-Zn. Passive continental margin. Regional metamorphism associated with Late Silurian accretion of Rassokha (OR) (Omulev, Vesnovka) Omulevka terrane (pre-rifting). oceanic crust terrane to Omulevka continental margin terrane. Metallogenic Belt Major Mineral Deposits Types. Environment and Tectonic Event and (Abbreviation) (Signifi cant Mineral Deposits) Host Unit Comments Rassokha (RA) Basaltic Cu, sediment-hosted Cu. Distal passive continental Subduction-related volcanism associated with incipient continental-margin (Agyndja), porphyry Cu. margin. Rassokha terrane. arc. Possible precursor to Late Devonian Kedon arc? Appendix 347
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USGS Prepared in collaboration with
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U.S. Department of the Interior Gal
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iv Hart River SEDEX Zn-Cu-Ag Deposi
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vi Specific Events for Middle Throu
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viii Metallogenic Belts Formed Duri
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x Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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xii Toodoggone Metallogenic Belt of
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xiv Slate Creek Serpentinite-Hosted
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xvi Left Omolon Belt of Porphyry Mo
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xviii Origin of and Tectonic Contro
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xx Chukotka Metallogenic Belt of Au
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xxii Plutonic Rocks Hosting East-Ce
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xxiv Skeena Metallogenic Belt of Po
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xxvi Bee Creek Porphyry Cu Deposit
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xxviii 36. Wellgreen gabbroic Ni-Cu
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xxx 87. Partizanskoe Pb-Zn skarn de
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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format (Nokleberg and others, 1996)
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logenesis of the region (1) subduct
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Subterrane—A fault-bounded unit w
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dilemma consists of two conflicting
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2 to 20 m thick. A related dolomite
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Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic B
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed During Pr
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as at Oz, Monster, and Tart, may al
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Monashee Metallogenic Belt of Sedim
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Clark Range Metallogenic Belt of Se
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in addition to the Fe deposits. Min
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study) consists of lenses, from 100
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Omulev Austrian Alps W Deposit The
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ock, including coarse clastic rock,
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lative metalliferous brines in a re
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Prince of Wales Island Metallogenic
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suite of deposits and host rocks ar
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margin of the North American Craton
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newly created terranes migrated int
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(Ryazantzeva and Shurko, 1992). The
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tonnes Au and an average grade of a
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mafic and felsic metavolcanic rocks
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intrusion from about 402 to 366 Ma
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mentary rocks of the Cambrian to De
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(Preto and Schiarizza, 1985; Schiar
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ate and clastic rocks and volcanicl
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(Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c
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Berezovka River Metallogenic Belt o
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Finlayson Lake Metallogenic Belt of
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and barite in siliceous black turbi
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Windermere Creek (Western Gypsum) C
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(NX, DL, MY), Viliga (VL), and Zolo
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South of the main east-west-trendin
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ated subduction zone in the Wrangel
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icite-biotite-quartz bodies in frac
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Canada Cordillera. The granitoid ro
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Viliga (VL) passive continental-mar
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32; tables 3, 4) occurs along the n
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superterrane, consists mainly of ma
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ers, 1994c, 1997c). In southern Bri
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mental volcanic rocks of intermedia
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a resource of 34.3 million tonnes o
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potassic zone. Combined estimated p
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and quartz monzodiorite stock and s
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and Omolon (OM) cratonal terranes,
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in volcanic and volcaniclastic rock
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minor calcite, and sporadic pyrite
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supergene blanket are interpreted a
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deposits and occurrences consist of
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onto the Omulevka terrane to form t
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superterrane. This belt is interpre
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to form along the leading edge of t
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quartz, and is virtually not associ
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deposits are at Terrassnoe and Kuna
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Peschanka Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit Th
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The belt is hosted in the Late Jura
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in a island arc that was tectonical
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and Early Cretaceous Koyukuk island
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The deposit consists of disseminate
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The Orange Hill deposit contains an
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49; tables 3, 4) (Foley and others,
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locally Late Triassic marine volcan
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gold in a gangue of quartz, calcite
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Verkhoyansk granite belt, which int
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metallogenic belts are interpreted
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assemblages, which may have been mo
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during hypogene and supergene alter
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collision and regional thrusting, t
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Yur Au Quartz Vein Deposit The smal
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phase has a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 1
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sian Northeast. The belt is hosted
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Host Granitoid Rocks and Associated
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that are up to 600-1,500 m long, av
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Metallogenic Belts Formed During La
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y partly coeval plutons that range
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tion is interpreted as occuring by
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the Badzhal-Ezop and Khingan parts
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and comagmatic with volcanic rocks;
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as interpreted for the Rock Creek d
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source (Yeo, 1992). The Blow River
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2000). The spatial location of the
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to the east in the central Yukon Te
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occur in a 30-km-long belt along ir
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The Emerald deposit has produced ap
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Ear
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cham oceans were closed, and the Ch
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greisenized Mesozoic granite that i
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composition magmatic bodies (with a
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to Albian pelecypods (Nokleberg and
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quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite, pol
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thermally altered to siliceous and
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These ore bodies are as much as 1 m
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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Demin, and Krasilnikov, 1974; Nekra
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10 percent Cu, as much as 0.92 perc
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pyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite,
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content decreases with depth, as do
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azdelnoye, (2) porphyry Sn deposits
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Karalveem Au Quartz Vein Deposit Th
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Democrat (Mitchell Lode) Granitoid-
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with high-temperature and high-pres
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chalcocite and covellite and also h
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cum-North Pacific, (2) completion o
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(6) In the Paleocene (about 56 to 6
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sists of cinnabar and metacinnabari
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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groups of deposits are interpreted
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Indian Mountain and Purcell Mountai
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and southeastern Alaska (Moll and P
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Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Bundtz
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g/t Au or 368.2 Au gold. The deposi
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wim Group and altered mafic dikes.
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Mount Nansen porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
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A Map 450 500 550 Cross section Dik
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Cretaceous and early Tertiary conti
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deposits, at Chichagoff and Hirst-C
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others, 1994c, 1997c). The signific
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tonnes grading 0.53 percent Ni, 0.3
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with a 0.25 percent cut-off. The de
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Bulkley Metallogenic Belt of Porphy
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Red Rose W-Au-Cu-Ag Polymetallic Ve
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ish Columbia and consists of severa
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during back-arc extension or transt
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stocks and dikes, is associated wit
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etrograde minnesotaite (Fe talc), F
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Specific Events for Early to Middle
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of fractured and faulted Permian-Tr
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sists of a mineralized fracture zon
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dolomite. Wall rock alteration incl
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elt of late Tertiary plutons that a
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plates that exhibit magnetic anomal
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stages (Petrenko, 1999): (1) In the
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mon. The deposit is of medium size
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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The origin of the Hg deposits of th
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margin or island-arc tectonic envir
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Columbia: Implicatons for the Middl
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Bazard, D.R., Butler, R.F., Gehrels
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Bradley, D.C., Haeussler, P.J., and
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Bundtzen, T.K., Laird, G.M., Caluti
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Cecile, M.P., 1982, The lower Paleo
Page 327 and 328: Debari, S.M., and Coleman, R.G., 19
Page 329 and 330: U.S. Bureau of Land Management Open
Page 331 and 332: Cordilleran Orogen in Canada: Geolo
Page 333 and 334: Goldfarb, R., Hart, C., Miller, M.,
Page 335 and 336: Grove, E.W., 1986, Geology and mine
Page 337 and 338: Høy, T., 1982a, Stratigraphic and
Page 339 and 340: Jones, D.L., Silberling, N.J., Cone
Page 341 and 342: Kutyev, F. Sh., Baikov, A.I., Sidor
Page 343 and 344: Shield—Ultramafic magma and its m
Page 345 and 346: Manns, F.T., 1981, Stratigraphic as
Page 347 and 348: Miller, M.L., and Bundtzen, T.K., 1
Page 349 and 350: Mortimer, N., 1987, The Nicola Grou
Page 351 and 352: Noble, S.R., Spooner, E.T.C., and H
Page 353 and 354: Canada Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, S
Page 355 and 356: Perello, J.A., Fleming, J.A., O’K
Page 357 and 358: Far East—Mineralogical criteria f
Page 359 and 360: Roeske, S.M., Mattinson, J.M., and
Page 361 and 362: Schmidt, J.M., and Zierenberg, R.A.
Page 363 and 364: formation occurrences: Materialy po
Page 365 and 366: Struik, L.C., 1986, Imbricated terr
Page 367 and 368: Valuy, G., and Rostovsky, F., 1988,
Page 369 and 370: Wolfe, W.J., 1995, Exploration and
Page 371 and 372: Appendix Table 1. Mineral deposit m
Page 373 and 374: Table 2 Summary of correlations and
Page 375 and 376: Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
Page 377: Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
Page 381 and 382: Table 3—Continued Metallogenic Be
Page 399 and 400: Table 4. Significant lode deposits,
Page 401 and 402: Table 4—Continued Appendix 369 De
Page 403 and 404: Table 4—Continued Tracy Metalloge
Page 405 and 406: Table 4—Continued Appendix 373 In
Page 407 and 408: Table 4—Continued Deposit Name Mi
Page 409 and 410: Table 4—Continued Mainits Metallo
Page 415 and 416: Table 4—Continued Whitehorse Meta
Page 421 and 422: Table 4—Continued Appendix 389 LA
Page 425 and 426: Table 4—Continued Surprise Lake M
Page 427 and 428: Table 4—Continued Sredinny Metall
Page 429:
Table 4—Continued Deposit Name Mi
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