USGS Professional Paper 1697 - Alaska Resources Library

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10 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, <strong>Alaska</strong>, and the Canadian Cordillera maximum width of 100 km. The ironstone deposits occur in the Late Proterozoic Spiridon and Gorbunov Formations. The significant deposits are at Pobeda and Oroek (Nokleberg and others 1997a,b, 1998). The Oroek metallogenic belt is herein interpreted as a faulted fragment of the Bilyakchan metallogenic belt, described below, which is hosted in the North Asian Craton Margin (Verkhoyansk fold belt, unit NSV). Pobeda Ironstone Deposit One part of the Pobeda ironstone deposit (fig. 4) occurs in the Spiridon Formation consists of stratiform hematite (Z.G. Potapova, written commun., 1954; A.G. Kats, written commun., 1979) and is interpreted as a fossil littoral zircon-tita- nium-magnetite placer deposit. The other part of the deposit occurs in Late Proterozoic dolomitic marble of the Gorbunov Formation in a zone of imbricated thrust faults. This part of the deposit consists of gabbro and gabbro-amphibolite bodies and with hematite masses that occur along thrust fault planes. The deposit contains massive, brecciated, and stockwork ores. Massive ores contain as much as 70 percent Fe. The brecciated ores are composed of clasts of dolomite and gabbroamphibolite cemented by hematite. The stockwork is defined by separate, halo-shaped bodies that are located around the massive and brecciated ores. Ore minerals also include calcite, quartz, barite, chlorite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and malachite. The ore-bearing horizon extends for 18 km, but the best defined stratiform hematite deposit is 150 to 600 m long and Figure 2. Generalized map of major Proterozoic and Cambrian through Silurian metallogenic belts and terranes for Russian Far East, northern Japan, and adjacent offshore areas. Refer to text for description of metallogenic belts. Adapted from Nokleberg and others (1997b, 1998).
2 to 20 m thick. A related dolomite-hosted Fe deposit in the Gorbunov Formation is interpreted as forming during chemical deposition of Fe from seawater. Oroek Sediment-Hosted Cu Deposit The sediment-hosted Cu Oroek deposit (fig. 5) (I.G. Volkodav and Korobitsyn, A.V. written commun., 1979, Shpikerman and Shpikerman, 1996) occurs in the Oroek Formation that consists of an Late Proterozoic volcaniclastic rock sequence that varies between 150 to180 m in thickness. The sequence consists mainly of quartzite, quartz-chlorite and graphite-chlorite schist, and phyllite and thin conformable beds of basalt and tuffaceous rocks. The major ore minerals are chalcocite, bornite, and chalcopyrite, which occur in metamorphosed sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Local abundant quartz bodies also contain chalcopyrite, bornite, and hematite. Later cross-cutting quartz veins also contain minor malachite, chalcocite, azurite, chrysocolla,bornite, and native copper. Mineralized rocks are deformed and form an overturned, isoclinal fold whose limbs dip southeast at 40° to 90°. Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Oroek Metallogenic Belt The sediment-hosted Cu deposits of the Oroek metallogenic belt are hosted mainly in the Middle Riphean Oroek Formation, which consists of metamorphosed sedimentary rocks with a thickness of 1,300 to 1,500 m (Shpikerman, 1998). The Cu deposits occur only in two lithologies—quartz-chloritoid and quartz-chlorite schist. The quartz-chloritoid schist locally contains polimictic siltstone and sandstone with parallel and oa Overlap assemblages (Cretaceous and Cenozoic) NSC NSC North Asian Craton NSS NSS North Asian Craton - Stanovoy block NSV CRATON North Asian Craton Margin (Verkhoyansk fold and thrust belt) CRATONAL TERRANES AK Avekova; AU Argun; BL Baladek; GZ Gonzha; OK Okhotsk; OM Omolon PASSIVE CONTINENTAL-MARGIN TERRANES AA Arctic <strong>Alaska</strong>; AY Ayansk; CH Chukotka; KN Kula-Nera; OD Oldoi; OV Omulevka; PL Prikolyma; VL Viliga METAMORPHOSED CONTINENTAL-MARGIN TERRANES SD Seward; SR Sredinny-Kamchatka; ZL Zolotogorskiy ACCRETED TERRANES Continental-margin arc terranes BU Bureya; KE Kema; KA Khanka; MM Mamyn Island-arc terranes Figure 2.—Continued. AL Alazeya; IR Iruneiskiy; KM Kony-Murgal; KRO Kronotskiy; KH Khetachan; KY Koyukuk; LD Laoelin-Grodekorsk; MAI Mainitskiy; NE Nemura; NU Nutesyn; OKA Olyutorka- Kamchatka; OL Oloy; SB Stolbovskoy; SH Shmidt; TR Terpeniya; WP West Pekulney; YA Yarakvaam Proterozoic Metallogenic Belts (2500 to 570 Ma; figures 2, 3) 11 EXPLANATION oblique laminations. The chlorite schists contain dark green chloritoid porphyryblasts, dark green chlorite, quartz, epidote, mica, and rutile, and have a dark color, fine-grain composition, and a laminated shaley and lenticular texture. The ore-bearing rocks of the Oroek Formation are derived from subaqueous, polymictic sandstone, siltstone and shale (pelite) that contain considerable volcanic rock fragments (L.A. Shpikerman, written commun., 1999). Metamorphism occurred at quartzalbite- epidote-biotite subfacies, and the age of metamorphism is probably Pre-Vendian (Shpikerman, 1998). The sedimenthosted Cu deposits and host rocks are interpreted as forming in rift-related troughs in a sublittoral and shelf area during the early history of the Prikolyma passive continental margin terrane, during Middle or Late Proterozoic incipient rifting of the North Asian Craton Margin (Shpikerman, 1998). The ironstone deposits of the Oroek metallogenic belt (Pobeda deposit and others) occur in the Vendian Syapyakane suite that ranges from 300 to 800 m thick and is composed of mainly feldspathic-quartz sandstones with thin interbeds and lenses consisting of hematite (martite), magnetite, titanic magnetite, ilmenite, rutile, and zircon (Shpikerman, 1998). The sandstones are typical occurrences of Vendian beach placers and are similar to sandstones in the Middle Riphean Spiridonova Formation that occurs to the west, also in the Prikolyma terrane. However, these formations are underlain by the Gorbunova Formation that contains beds of dolomite and stratiform hematite-carbonate iron deposits. The Prikolyma terrane is interpreted as a rifted fragment of the North Asian Craton Margin (Verkhoyansk fold belt, unit NSV; Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c; Shpikerman, 1998). Accretionary-wedge, subduction-zone, or ophiolite terranes Dominantly oceanic rocks: AG Angayucham; AC Aluchin; ANV Aniva; ARG Argatas; BD Badzhal; DB Debin; EK Ekonay; GB Garbynya; GL Galam; HI Hidaka; IN Indigirka; KK Kamuikotan; KYB Kybytygas; MU Munilkan; NAB Nabilsky; NS Nora-Sukhotin; PA Penzhina-Anadyr; PK Pekulney; SA South Anyui; SMA Samarka; TD Tukuringra-Dzhagdi; TO Tokoro; TU Taukha; UY Uyandina; VE Velmay; VT Vetlovskiy Dominantly turbidites: AM Amur River; AV Alkatvaam; KUK Kuril-Kamchatka; PW Prince William; RA Rassokha; SY Sorachi-Yezo; TL Talovskiy; UL Ulban; WK West Kamchatka Turbidite-basin terranes: BE Beryozovka; LN Lan; SY Sorachi-Yezo; UB Uniya-Bom; WSA West Sakhalin; ZT Zhuravlesk-Tumnin PAC Pacific oceanic plate SK Contact Active subduction zone Metallogenic belt
Page 1 and 2: USGS Prepared in collaboration with
Page 3 and 4: U.S. Department of the Interior Gal
Page 5 and 6: iv Hart River SEDEX Zn-Cu-Ag Deposi
Page 7 and 8: vi Specific Events for Middle Throu
Page 9 and 10: viii Metallogenic Belts Formed Duri
Page 11 and 12: x Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
Page 13 and 14: xii Toodoggone Metallogenic Belt of
Page 15 and 16: xiv Slate Creek Serpentinite-Hosted
Page 17 and 18: xvi Left Omolon Belt of Porphyry Mo
Page 19 and 20: xviii Origin of and Tectonic Contro
Page 21 and 22: xx Chukotka Metallogenic Belt of Au
Page 23 and 24: xxii Plutonic Rocks Hosting East-Ce
Page 25 and 26: xxiv Skeena Metallogenic Belt of Po
Page 27 and 28: xxvi Bee Creek Porphyry Cu Deposit
Page 29 and 30: xxviii 36. Wellgreen gabbroic Ni-Cu
Page 31 and 32: xxx 87. Partizanskoe Pb-Zn skarn de
Page 33 and 34: Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
Page 35 and 36: format (Nokleberg and others, 1996)
Page 37 and 38: logenesis of the region (1) subduct
Page 39 and 40: Subterrane—A fault-bounded unit w
Page 41: dilemma consists of two conflicting
Page 45 and 46: Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic B
Page 47 and 48: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 49 and 50: Metallogenic Belts Formed During Pr
Page 51 and 52: as at Oz, Monster, and Tart, may al
Page 53 and 54: Monashee Metallogenic Belt of Sedim
Page 55 and 56: Clark Range Metallogenic Belt of Se
Page 57 and 58: in addition to the Fe deposits. Min
Page 59 and 60: study) consists of lenses, from 100
Page 61 and 62: Omulev Austrian Alps W Deposit The
Page 63 and 64: ock, including coarse clastic rock,
Page 65 and 66: lative metalliferous brines in a re
Page 67 and 68: Prince of Wales Island Metallogenic
Page 69 and 70: suite of deposits and host rocks ar
Page 71 and 72: margin of the North American Craton
Page 73 and 74: newly created terranes migrated int
Page 75 and 76: (Ryazantzeva and Shurko, 1992). The
Page 77 and 78: tonnes Au and an average grade of a
Page 79 and 80: mafic and felsic metavolcanic rocks
Page 81 and 82: intrusion from about 402 to 366 Ma
Page 85 and 86: mentary rocks of the Cambrian to De
Page 87 and 88: (Preto and Schiarizza, 1985; Schiar
Page 91 and 92: ate and clastic rocks and volcanicl
Page 93 and 94:
(Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c
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Berezovka River Metallogenic Belt o
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 99 and 100:
Finlayson Lake Metallogenic Belt of
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and barite in siliceous black turbi
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Windermere Creek (Western Gypsum) C
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(NX, DL, MY), Viliga (VL), and Zolo
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South of the main east-west-trendin
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ated subduction zone in the Wrangel
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icite-biotite-quartz bodies in frac
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Canada Cordillera. The granitoid ro
Page 115 and 116:
Viliga (VL) passive continental-mar
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32; tables 3, 4) occurs along the n
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superterrane, consists mainly of ma
Page 121 and 122:
ers, 1994c, 1997c). In southern Bri
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mental volcanic rocks of intermedia
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a resource of 34.3 million tonnes o
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potassic zone. Combined estimated p
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and quartz monzodiorite stock and s
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and Omolon (OM) cratonal terranes,
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in volcanic and volcaniclastic rock
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minor calcite, and sporadic pyrite
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supergene blanket are interpreted a
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deposits and occurrences consist of
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onto the Omulevka terrane to form t
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superterrane. This belt is interpre
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to form along the leading edge of t
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quartz, and is virtually not associ
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deposits are at Terrassnoe and Kuna
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Peschanka Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit Th
Page 153 and 154:
The belt is hosted in the Late Jura
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in a island arc that was tectonical
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and Early Cretaceous Koyukuk island
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The deposit consists of disseminate
Page 161 and 162:
The Orange Hill deposit contains an
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49; tables 3, 4) (Foley and others,
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locally Late Triassic marine volcan
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gold in a gangue of quartz, calcite
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Verkhoyansk granite belt, which int
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metallogenic belts are interpreted
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assemblages, which may have been mo
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during hypogene and supergene alter
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collision and regional thrusting, t
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Yur Au Quartz Vein Deposit The smal
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phase has a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 1
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sian Northeast. The belt is hosted
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Host Granitoid Rocks and Associated
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that are up to 600-1,500 m long, av
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Metallogenic Belts Formed During La
Page 191 and 192:
y partly coeval plutons that range
Page 193 and 194:
tion is interpreted as occuring by
Page 195 and 196:
the Badzhal-Ezop and Khingan parts
Page 197 and 198:
and comagmatic with volcanic rocks;
Page 199 and 200:
as interpreted for the Rock Creek d
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source (Yeo, 1992). The Blow River
Page 203 and 204:
2000). The spatial location of the
Page 205 and 206:
to the east in the central Yukon Te
Page 207 and 208:
occur in a 30-km-long belt along ir
Page 209 and 210:
The Emerald deposit has produced ap
Page 211 and 212:
Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Ear
Page 213 and 214:
cham oceans were closed, and the Ch
Page 215 and 216:
greisenized Mesozoic granite that i
Page 217 and 218:
composition magmatic bodies (with a
Page 219 and 220:
Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 221 and 222:
to Albian pelecypods (Nokleberg and
Page 223 and 224:
quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite, pol
Page 225 and 226:
thermally altered to siliceous and
Page 227 and 228:
These ore bodies are as much as 1 m
Page 229 and 230:
Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 231 and 232:
Demin, and Krasilnikov, 1974; Nekra
Page 233 and 234:
10 percent Cu, as much as 0.92 perc
Page 235 and 236:
pyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite,
Page 237 and 238:
content decreases with depth, as do
Page 239 and 240:
azdelnoye, (2) porphyry Sn deposits
Page 241 and 242:
Karalveem Au Quartz Vein Deposit Th
Page 243 and 244:
Democrat (Mitchell Lode) Granitoid-
Page 245 and 246:
with high-temperature and high-pres
Page 247 and 248:
chalcocite and covellite and also h
Page 249 and 250:
cum-North Pacific, (2) completion o
Page 251 and 252:
(6) In the Paleocene (about 56 to 6
Page 253 and 254:
sists of cinnabar and metacinnabari
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 257 and 258:
groups of deposits are interpreted
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Indian Mountain and Purcell Mountai
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and southeastern Alaska (Moll and P
Page 263 and 264:
Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Bundtz
Page 265 and 266:
g/t Au or 368.2 Au gold. The deposi
Page 267 and 268:
wim Group and altered mafic dikes.
Page 269 and 270:
Mount Nansen porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
Page 271 and 272:
A Map 450 500 550 Cross section Dik
Page 273 and 274:
Cretaceous and early Tertiary conti
Page 275 and 276:
deposits, at Chichagoff and Hirst-C
Page 277 and 278:
others, 1994c, 1997c). The signific
Page 279 and 280:
tonnes grading 0.53 percent Ni, 0.3
Page 281 and 282:
with a 0.25 percent cut-off. The de
Page 283 and 284:
Bulkley Metallogenic Belt of Porphy
Page 285 and 286:
Red Rose W-Au-Cu-Ag Polymetallic Ve
Page 287 and 288:
ish Columbia and consists of severa
Page 289 and 290:
during back-arc extension or transt
Page 291 and 292:
stocks and dikes, is associated wit
Page 293 and 294:
etrograde minnesotaite (Fe talc), F
Page 295 and 296:
Specific Events for Early to Middle
Page 297 and 298:
of fractured and faulted Permian-Tr
Page 299 and 300:
sists of a mineralized fracture zon
Page 301 and 302:
dolomite. Wall rock alteration incl
Page 303 and 304:
elt of late Tertiary plutons that a
Page 305 and 306:
plates that exhibit magnetic anomal
Page 307 and 308:
stages (Petrenko, 1999): (1) In the
Page 309 and 310:
mon. The deposit is of medium size
Page 311 and 312:
Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
Page 313 and 314:
The origin of the Hg deposits of th
Page 315 and 316:
margin or island-arc tectonic envir
Page 317 and 318:
Columbia: Implicatons for the Middl
Page 319 and 320:
Bazard, D.R., Butler, R.F., Gehrels
Page 321 and 322:
Bradley, D.C., Haeussler, P.J., and
Page 323 and 324:
Bundtzen, T.K., Laird, G.M., Caluti
Page 325 and 326:
Cecile, M.P., 1982, The lower Paleo
Page 327 and 328:
Debari, S.M., and Coleman, R.G., 19
Page 329 and 330:
U.S. Bureau of Land Management Open
Page 331 and 332:
Cordilleran Orogen in Canada: Geolo
Page 333 and 334:
Goldfarb, R., Hart, C., Miller, M.,
Page 335 and 336:
Grove, E.W., 1986, Geology and mine
Page 337 and 338:
Høy, T., 1982a, Stratigraphic and
Page 339 and 340:
Jones, D.L., Silberling, N.J., Cone
Page 341 and 342:
Kutyev, F. Sh., Baikov, A.I., Sidor
Page 343 and 344:
Shield—Ultramafic magma and its m
Page 345 and 346:
Manns, F.T., 1981, Stratigraphic as
Page 347 and 348:
Miller, M.L., and Bundtzen, T.K., 1
Page 349 and 350:
Mortimer, N., 1987, The Nicola Grou
Page 351 and 352:
Noble, S.R., Spooner, E.T.C., and H
Page 353 and 354:
Canada Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, S
Page 355 and 356:
Perello, J.A., Fleming, J.A., O’K
Page 357 and 358:
Far East—Mineralogical criteria f
Page 359 and 360:
Roeske, S.M., Mattinson, J.M., and
Page 361 and 362:
Schmidt, J.M., and Zierenberg, R.A.
Page 363 and 364:
formation occurrences: Materialy po
Page 365 and 366:
Struik, L.C., 1986, Imbricated terr
Page 367 and 368:
Valuy, G., and Rostovsky, F., 1988,
Page 369 and 370:
Wolfe, W.J., 1995, Exploration and
Page 371 and 372:
Appendix Table 1. Mineral deposit m
Page 373 and 374:
Table 2 Summary of correlations and
Page 375 and 376:
Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
Page 377 and 378:
Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
Page 379 and 380:
Table 3—Continued Metallogenic Be
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Table 4. Significant lode deposits,
Page 401 and 402:
Table 4—Continued Appendix 369 De
Page 403 and 404:
Table 4—Continued Tracy Metalloge
Page 405 and 406:
Table 4—Continued Appendix 373 In
Page 407 and 408:
Table 4—Continued Deposit Name Mi
Page 409 and 410:
Table 4—Continued Mainits Metallo
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Table 4—Continued Whitehorse Meta
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Table 4—Continued Appendix 389 LA
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Table 4—Continued Surprise Lake M
Page 427 and 428:
Table 4—Continued Sredinny Metall
Page 429:
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