USGS Professional Paper 1697 - Alaska Resources Library

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154 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, <strong>Alaska</strong>, and the Canadian Cordillera by relatively high CaO and low alkali content, have some predominance of K over Na, and have initial Sr rations of 0.7057 to 0.7087. Accessory minerals are ilmenite, garnet, zircon and sulfide minerals (Gamyanin and others, 1991). Associated with these plutons are Au lode and W vein deposits. Also part of the Yana-Kolyma metallogenic belt are suite of Sn quartz vein and greisen, W vein, Sb-Au and clasticsediment-hosted Hg occurrences (fig. 61). Notable examples are Sn quartz vein and greisen deposits at Alaskitovoye and Burgavli, the Krokhalin Sb-Au vein occurrence, and the clastic-sediment-hosted Hg at Kuzmichan. Most of the Sn deposits are small, except for Alaskitovoye. Natalka Au Quartz Vein Deposit The Natalka Au quartz vein deposit (fig. 68) (Firsov, 1957a; Shilo, 1960; Voroshin and others, 1989; Goncharov, 1995; Eremin and others, 1994) consists of zones of subparallel and reticulate quartz veinlets that can be grouped into two or three systems that converge locally along strike into podiform and platy veins. The ore minerals cement schistose, brecciated, cataclastic, and graphite-altered Late Permian tuffaceous sedimentary rocks. The deposit occurs along the Tenka strike-slip fault. The ore deposit is deformed with synclines and anticlines that occur near the fault zone. The deposit is intruded locally by abundant pre-ore and post-ore dikes of A A Cross section B B 1,000 m 400 m 0 felsic to intermediate composition. The zone of mineralized veinlets is approximately 300 m wide; individual ore bodies occur in zones ranging from 50 to 300 m long and from 1 to 15 m thick. The gangue in the veinlets are composed mainly of quartz (90 to 95 percent), albite, anorthoclase, carbonate, chlorite, and sericite, with lesser kaolinite, barite, apatite, and graphite. The ore minerals are dominated by fine-grained disseminated arsenopyrite intergrown with pyrite in wall rocks. Subordinate and rare minerals include galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, bournonite, boulangerite, tetrahedritetennantite, scheelite, rutile, ilmenite, and stibnite. Fine-grained and microscopic, low-grade Au is commonly associated with arsenopyrite and galena in the veins and veinlets. A considerable proportion of the gold is intergrown in arsenopyrite in the wall rock adjacent to the veins. The Natalka deposit is large with total reserves of 450 tonnes Au. From 1945 to 1994, the Natalka mine has produced 75 tonnes Au and 22 tonnes Ag. The annual production is 8 tonnes Au and 4 tonnes Ag. The lower grade ores average 4 g/t. More recent production data are not available. Svetloe and Kholodnoe Au Quartz Vein Deposits The Svetloe Au quartz vein deposit (fig. 70) (P.I. Skornyakov, written commun., 1953; Fedotov, 1960b, 1967, Goryachev, 1998, 2003) consists of subparallel quartz veins Upper Nerychin Formation Lower Nerychin Formation Atkan Formation Tasskaya Formation Porphyry dike Lamprophyre dike Quartz vein Fault Contact 1 2 km Permian Figure 69. Natalka Au quartz vein deposit, Yana-Kolyma metallogenic belt, Russian Northeast. Schematic geologic map and cross section. Adapted from Eremin (1995). See figure 61 and table 4 for location.
that are up to 600-1,500 m long, average 0.2 to 0.5 m thick, and 20 to 80 m apart. The veins occur as conformable bodies or in acute fractures in the limbs of an asymmetric anticline and dip 70° to 85°. The ore bodies trend mainly northwest, but range from east-west to north-south. Hosting the Au quartz veins is Late Triassic and Early Jurassic sandstone and shale that are intruded by a transverse set of dikes of felsic and intermediate composition. The ore minerals are mainly arsenopyrite, pyrite, and galena containing gold (858 fine). Subordinate ore minerals are sphalerite, chalcopyrite, scheelite, pyrrhotite, and native gold. The deposit is small and has proven reserves 3.6 tonnes Au with grade ranging from 1.0 to 100 g/t Au. The nearby Kholodnoe deposit, which occurs to the south, is made up of three sets of quartz veins and mineralized fracture zones Map A 1,000 m 900 800 700 A Au quartz vein Diorite porphyry dike (Early Cretaceous) Sandstone and siltstone (Middle Jurassic) Contact Cross section B Adit Early Cretaceous Metallogenic Belts (144 to 120 Ma; figs. 61, 62) 155 Drillhole that trend northwest. Some veins occur within the dikes. Gold occurs as very small inclusions or irregular masses. Zhdannoe Au Quartz Vein Deposit The Zhdannoe Au quartz vein deposit (Gavrikov and Zharova, 1963; Rozhkov and others, 1971; Yu. A. Vladimirtseva, written commun., 1987; V.A. Amuzinskyi, G.S. Anisimova, and Ya.Yu. Zhdanov, written commun., 1992) consists of a set of 13 interbedded veins that range from 0.1 to 3 m thick and to 500 m long. Some ore bodies occur in crosscutting fissures. Ore minerals are arsenopyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite, native gold (fineness 848), and very scarce boulangerite and chalcopyrite. Premineral content of quartz veins is 1 to 3 percent. Veins accompanied by minor wallrock 0 160 m B Figure 70. Svetloe Au quartz vein deposit, Yana-Kolyma metallogenic belt, Russian Northeast. Schematic geologic map and cross section. Adapted from Goryachev (1998). See figure 61 and table 4 for location.
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USGS Prepared in collaboration with
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U.S. Department of the Interior Gal
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iv Hart River SEDEX Zn-Cu-Ag Deposi
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vi Specific Events for Middle Throu
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viii Metallogenic Belts Formed Duri
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x Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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xii Toodoggone Metallogenic Belt of
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xiv Slate Creek Serpentinite-Hosted
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xvi Left Omolon Belt of Porphyry Mo
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xviii Origin of and Tectonic Contro
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xx Chukotka Metallogenic Belt of Au
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xxii Plutonic Rocks Hosting East-Ce
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xxiv Skeena Metallogenic Belt of Po
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xxvi Bee Creek Porphyry Cu Deposit
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xxviii 36. Wellgreen gabbroic Ni-Cu
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xxx 87. Partizanskoe Pb-Zn skarn de
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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format (Nokleberg and others, 1996)
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logenesis of the region (1) subduct
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Subterrane—A fault-bounded unit w
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dilemma consists of two conflicting
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2 to 20 m thick. A related dolomite
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Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic B
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed During Pr
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as at Oz, Monster, and Tart, may al
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Monashee Metallogenic Belt of Sedim
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Clark Range Metallogenic Belt of Se
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in addition to the Fe deposits. Min
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study) consists of lenses, from 100
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Omulev Austrian Alps W Deposit The
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ock, including coarse clastic rock,
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lative metalliferous brines in a re
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Prince of Wales Island Metallogenic
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suite of deposits and host rocks ar
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margin of the North American Craton
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newly created terranes migrated int
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(Ryazantzeva and Shurko, 1992). The
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tonnes Au and an average grade of a
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mafic and felsic metavolcanic rocks
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intrusion from about 402 to 366 Ma
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mentary rocks of the Cambrian to De
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(Preto and Schiarizza, 1985; Schiar
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ate and clastic rocks and volcanicl
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(Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c
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Berezovka River Metallogenic Belt o
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Finlayson Lake Metallogenic Belt of
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and barite in siliceous black turbi
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Windermere Creek (Western Gypsum) C
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(NX, DL, MY), Viliga (VL), and Zolo
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South of the main east-west-trendin
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ated subduction zone in the Wrangel
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icite-biotite-quartz bodies in frac
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Canada Cordillera. The granitoid ro
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Viliga (VL) passive continental-mar
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32; tables 3, 4) occurs along the n
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superterrane, consists mainly of ma
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ers, 1994c, 1997c). In southern Bri
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mental volcanic rocks of intermedia
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a resource of 34.3 million tonnes o
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potassic zone. Combined estimated p
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and quartz monzodiorite stock and s
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and Omolon (OM) cratonal terranes,
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in volcanic and volcaniclastic rock
Page 135 and 136: minor calcite, and sporadic pyrite
Page 137 and 138: supergene blanket are interpreted a
Page 139 and 140: deposits and occurrences consist of
Page 141 and 142: onto the Omulevka terrane to form t
Page 143 and 144: superterrane. This belt is interpre
Page 145 and 146: to form along the leading edge of t
Page 147 and 148: quartz, and is virtually not associ
Page 149 and 150: deposits are at Terrassnoe and Kuna
Page 151 and 152: Peschanka Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit Th
Page 153 and 154: The belt is hosted in the Late Jura
Page 155 and 156: in a island arc that was tectonical
Page 157 and 158: and Early Cretaceous Koyukuk island
Page 159 and 160: The deposit consists of disseminate
Page 161 and 162: The Orange Hill deposit contains an
Page 163 and 164: 49; tables 3, 4) (Foley and others,
Page 165 and 166: locally Late Triassic marine volcan
Page 167 and 168: gold in a gangue of quartz, calcite
Page 169 and 170: Verkhoyansk granite belt, which int
Page 171 and 172: metallogenic belts are interpreted
Page 173 and 174: assemblages, which may have been mo
Page 175 and 176: during hypogene and supergene alter
Page 177 and 178: collision and regional thrusting, t
Page 179 and 180: Yur Au Quartz Vein Deposit The smal
Page 181 and 182: phase has a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 1
Page 183 and 184: sian Northeast. The belt is hosted
Page 185: Host Granitoid Rocks and Associated
Page 189 and 190: Metallogenic Belts Formed During La
Page 191 and 192: y partly coeval plutons that range
Page 193 and 194: tion is interpreted as occuring by
Page 195 and 196: the Badzhal-Ezop and Khingan parts
Page 197 and 198: and comagmatic with volcanic rocks;
Page 199 and 200: as interpreted for the Rock Creek d
Page 201 and 202: source (Yeo, 1992). The Blow River
Page 203 and 204: 2000). The spatial location of the
Page 205 and 206: to the east in the central Yukon Te
Page 207 and 208: occur in a 30-km-long belt along ir
Page 209 and 210: The Emerald deposit has produced ap
Page 211 and 212: Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Ear
Page 213 and 214: cham oceans were closed, and the Ch
Page 215 and 216: greisenized Mesozoic granite that i
Page 217 and 218: composition magmatic bodies (with a
Page 219 and 220: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 221 and 222: to Albian pelecypods (Nokleberg and
Page 223 and 224: quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite, pol
Page 225 and 226: thermally altered to siliceous and
Page 227 and 228: These ore bodies are as much as 1 m
Page 229 and 230: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 231 and 232: Demin, and Krasilnikov, 1974; Nekra
Page 233 and 234: 10 percent Cu, as much as 0.92 perc
Page 235 and 236: pyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite,
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content decreases with depth, as do
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azdelnoye, (2) porphyry Sn deposits
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Karalveem Au Quartz Vein Deposit Th
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Democrat (Mitchell Lode) Granitoid-
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with high-temperature and high-pres
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chalcocite and covellite and also h
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cum-North Pacific, (2) completion o
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(6) In the Paleocene (about 56 to 6
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sists of cinnabar and metacinnabari
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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groups of deposits are interpreted
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Indian Mountain and Purcell Mountai
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and southeastern Alaska (Moll and P
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Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Bundtz
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g/t Au or 368.2 Au gold. The deposi
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wim Group and altered mafic dikes.
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Mount Nansen porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
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A Map 450 500 550 Cross section Dik
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Cretaceous and early Tertiary conti
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deposits, at Chichagoff and Hirst-C
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others, 1994c, 1997c). The signific
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tonnes grading 0.53 percent Ni, 0.3
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with a 0.25 percent cut-off. The de
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Bulkley Metallogenic Belt of Porphy
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Red Rose W-Au-Cu-Ag Polymetallic Ve
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ish Columbia and consists of severa
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during back-arc extension or transt
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stocks and dikes, is associated wit
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etrograde minnesotaite (Fe talc), F
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Specific Events for Early to Middle
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of fractured and faulted Permian-Tr
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sists of a mineralized fracture zon
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dolomite. Wall rock alteration incl
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elt of late Tertiary plutons that a
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plates that exhibit magnetic anomal
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stages (Petrenko, 1999): (1) In the
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mon. The deposit is of medium size
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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The origin of the Hg deposits of th
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margin or island-arc tectonic envir
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Columbia: Implicatons for the Middl
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Bazard, D.R., Butler, R.F., Gehrels
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Bradley, D.C., Haeussler, P.J., and
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Bundtzen, T.K., Laird, G.M., Caluti
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Cecile, M.P., 1982, The lower Paleo
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Debari, S.M., and Coleman, R.G., 19
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U.S. Bureau of Land Management Open
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Cordilleran Orogen in Canada: Geolo
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Goldfarb, R., Hart, C., Miller, M.,
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Grove, E.W., 1986, Geology and mine
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Høy, T., 1982a, Stratigraphic and
Page 339 and 340:
Jones, D.L., Silberling, N.J., Cone
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Kutyev, F. Sh., Baikov, A.I., Sidor
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Shield—Ultramafic magma and its m
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Manns, F.T., 1981, Stratigraphic as
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Miller, M.L., and Bundtzen, T.K., 1
Page 349 and 350:
Mortimer, N., 1987, The Nicola Grou
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Noble, S.R., Spooner, E.T.C., and H
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Canada Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, S
Page 355 and 356:
Perello, J.A., Fleming, J.A., O’K
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Far East—Mineralogical criteria f
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Roeske, S.M., Mattinson, J.M., and
Page 361 and 362:
Schmidt, J.M., and Zierenberg, R.A.
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formation occurrences: Materialy po
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Struik, L.C., 1986, Imbricated terr
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Valuy, G., and Rostovsky, F., 1988,
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Wolfe, W.J., 1995, Exploration and
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Appendix Table 1. Mineral deposit m
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Table 2 Summary of correlations and
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Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
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Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
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Table 3—Continued Metallogenic Be
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Table 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 369 De
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Table 4—Continued Tracy Metalloge
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 373 In
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Table 4—Continued Deposit Name Mi
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Table 4—Continued Mainits Metallo
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Table 4—Continued Whitehorse Meta
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 389 LA
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Table 4—Continued Surprise Lake M
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Table 4—Continued Sredinny Metall
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