USGS Professional Paper 1697 - Alaska Resources Library

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110 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera Svyatoy-Nos, Kony-Murgal, Koyukuk, and Togiak arcs. (10) In southern Alaska, the Eastern-Southern Alaska (ESA) belt, which contains granitic-magmatism-related deposits, is hosted in the Gravina-Nutzotin-Gambier belt that overlies the Wrangellia superterrane, and is interpreted as forming along the axial part of the Gravina arc. In southeastern Alaska, the Klukwan-Duke (KL) belt, which contains oned mafic-ultramafic Ti-Cr-PGE deposits, is hosted in subduction-related, zoned mafic-ultramafic plutons that are associated with basal part of Gravina island arc on the Wrangellia superterrane. (11) In east-central Alaska and central Canadian Cordillera, the Fortymile (FM) and Cassiar (CS) belts, which contain serpentinite-hosted asbestos deposits, are hosted in ultramafic rock of the Seventymile subduction zone and Slide Mountain accretionary wedge terrane. These 120 44 LATE JURASSIC METALLOGENIC BELTS AR - Ariadny CAR - Chersky-Argatass Ranges KUY - Kuyul MA - Mainits NB - North Bureya OL - Oloy PK - Pekulney ST - Stanovoy SVN - Svyatoy-Nos TAM - Tamvatney-Mainits YS - Yasachnaya River 132 LD (unmapped) KA AU SMA AM KA TU AR Sea of Japan oa KK 144 GZ oa NB oa NS MMNB BU NB GL AR oa OD SMA ZT NSS KE SY TD BD HI TO ST UB 60 NSC LN BL AY GL UL AM WSA ANV NE 0 800 km 0 800 mi GL UL SH oa ANV TR oa NAB 156 oa OK Sea of Okhotsk oa KUK 68 NSV NSV VL GZ belts are interpreted as forming during regional metamorphism that occurred during obduction and overthrusting of oceanic lithosphere of oceanic terranes onto the North American Craton Margin. (12) In the Canadian Cordillera, the Cariboo (CB) belt of Au quartz vein, the Francois Lake (FL) of porphyry Mo, and the Rossland (RL) belt of Au-Ag polymetallic vein deposits, are hosted in various island-arc and subduction-zone terranes. These metallogenic belts are both interpreted as forming during regional metamorphism and anatectic granitic plutonism associated with obduction of the Stikinia-Quesnellia arc and associated subduction-zone complexes onto the North American Craton Margin. (13) In the southern Canadian Cordillera, the continuing the Island Porphyry (IP) belt of granitic-magmatism-related deposits is hosted in the Wrangellia island-arc NSC 168 76 oa 120 132 oa KT WK oa WK SR IK OKA OKA SB KRO VT GB SVN KN UY SA OV OV MU CAR KY, IN KN AL oa OV RA RA CAR ARG PR KH YS BE PAC oa Pacific Ocean 144 oa NU OKA oa 180 156 EK CH AV 168 180 Arctic Ocean KN OM AC SA oa KN OL OL YA WP DB KM PK PA OM ZL AK PK VL KM KUY MA, TL TAMMAI KUY PA IR PW VE CH Bering Sea oa CH 168 SD oa AA KY Figure 48. Generalized map of major Late Jurassic metallogenic belts and terranes for Russian Far East, northern Japan, and adjacent offshore areas. Refer to text for description of metallogenic belts. Adapted from Nokleberg and others (1997b, 1998). Refer to figure 2 for explanation. 168 76 72 68 60 56 52
superterrane. This belt is interpreted as forming in the Gravina arc, which overlies the superterrane. In the below descriptions of metallogenic belts, a few of the noteable or signficant lode deposits (table 4) are described for each belt. Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Late Jurassic (163 to 144 Ma; fig. 50) During the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian through Kimmeridgian; 163 to 144 Ma), the major metallogenic-tectonic events were (fig. 50; table 3) (1) beginning of accretion of the Bureya superterrane against the North Asian Craton along the Mongol-Okhotsk suture and formation of associated metallogenic belts, (2) establishment of a series of continental-margin arcs, and formation of associated metallogenic belts companion subduction-zones around the Circum-North Pacific, (3) initiation of rift grabens that subsequently formed the Amerasia and Canada Basins and also resulted in inception of the Koyukuk arc (4) obduction of the Stikinia-Quesnellia arc and associated terranes onto the North American Craton Margin, and (5) ending of the previous long-lived period (Late Proterozoic through Early Jurassic) of passive sedimentation on the North Asian and North American Cratons. 168 168 156 PW 144 156 132 52 72 56 144 Late Jurassic Metallogenic Belts (163 to 144 Ma; figs. 48, 49) 111 Specific Events for Late Jurassic (1) Far to the south at about 60º paleolatitude, the Mainitskiy island arc (Mainitskiy terrane, MAI) commenced activity. Forming in the arc were the Tamvatney-Mainits (TAM) belt of podiform Cr deposits, which is hosted in zoned mafic-ultramafic plutons, and the Mainits (MA) belt of kuroko massive sulfide deposits. Tectonically linked to the arc was the Alkatvaam accretionary-wedge terrane (AV), which formed from subduction of part of the adjacent oceanic plate. This arc and companion subduction zone migrated northward toward the Kony-Murgal island arc. (2) The Monakin arc (Monakin volcanic-plutonic belt, mo) and the Umlekan arc (Umlekan-Ogodzhin volcanic-plutonic belt, uo and associated units) continued activity. Forming in the arc was the North Bureya (NB) metallogenic belt, which contains subduction-related granitic-magmatism deposits. Associated with formation of the arcs was oblique (sinstral) subduction of part of the Ancestral Pacific oceanic plate to continue forming the Samarka (SMA), Khabarovsk (KB), and Badzhal (BD) terranes. Forming along the transform continental margin was the Ariadny (AR) belt of zoned mafic-ultramafic Ti deposits, which is hosted in zoned mafic-ultramafic plutons intruding the Samarka subduction-zone terrane. NAC AG CO SD RB CO NAC RB YO YT SD AG NX AG DL, MY CC YT AX AX WR AX BR WA PR PR SZ HO JF AG Arctic LATE JURASSIC METALLOGENIC BELTS CB - Cariboo CS - Cassiar ESA - Eastern-Southern Alaska Ocean FL - Francois Lake FM - Fortymile IP - Island Porphyry KB - Kobuk AA KL - Klukwan-Duke oa AA AG KB KB KB PC AG YR WS NAM YT NAM RL - Rossland SWA - Southwestern Alaska YR - Yukon River YR KY oa YR CG KY oa oa KI SWA ESA oa oa NY PE GD TG FM SV YT SM CS QN ST oa ESA YT WR SM AX oa CA MO ST ESA KO KL FL CB NAM CG CC YT QN CD MT RL PW YAK MT oa CG CR PW IP IPWR PAC oa PE CG OC oa CG Pacific Ocean 64 48 132 JFR 56 Eastern limit of Cordilleran mation defor OF BA 0 800 km 0 800 mi Figure 49. Generalized map of major Late Jurassic metallogenic belts and terranes for Alaska, Canadian Cordillera, and adjacent offshore areas. Refer to text for description of metallogenic belts. Adapted from Nokleberg and others (1997b, 1998). Refer to figure 3 for explanation. IZ 48
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USGS Prepared in collaboration with
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U.S. Department of the Interior Gal
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iv Hart River SEDEX Zn-Cu-Ag Deposi
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vi Specific Events for Middle Throu
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viii Metallogenic Belts Formed Duri
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x Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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xii Toodoggone Metallogenic Belt of
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xiv Slate Creek Serpentinite-Hosted
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xvi Left Omolon Belt of Porphyry Mo
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xviii Origin of and Tectonic Contro
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xx Chukotka Metallogenic Belt of Au
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xxii Plutonic Rocks Hosting East-Ce
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xxiv Skeena Metallogenic Belt of Po
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xxvi Bee Creek Porphyry Cu Deposit
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xxviii 36. Wellgreen gabbroic Ni-Cu
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xxx 87. Partizanskoe Pb-Zn skarn de
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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format (Nokleberg and others, 1996)
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logenesis of the region (1) subduct
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Subterrane—A fault-bounded unit w
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dilemma consists of two conflicting
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2 to 20 m thick. A related dolomite
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Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic B
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed During Pr
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as at Oz, Monster, and Tart, may al
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Monashee Metallogenic Belt of Sedim
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Clark Range Metallogenic Belt of Se
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in addition to the Fe deposits. Min
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study) consists of lenses, from 100
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Omulev Austrian Alps W Deposit The
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ock, including coarse clastic rock,
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lative metalliferous brines in a re
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Prince of Wales Island Metallogenic
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suite of deposits and host rocks ar
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margin of the North American Craton
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newly created terranes migrated int
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(Ryazantzeva and Shurko, 1992). The
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tonnes Au and an average grade of a
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mafic and felsic metavolcanic rocks
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intrusion from about 402 to 366 Ma
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mentary rocks of the Cambrian to De
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(Preto and Schiarizza, 1985; Schiar
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Page 91 and 92: ate and clastic rocks and volcanicl
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Page 95 and 96: Berezovka River Metallogenic Belt o
Page 97 and 98: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 99 and 100: Finlayson Lake Metallogenic Belt of
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Page 103 and 104: Windermere Creek (Western Gypsum) C
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Page 107 and 108: South of the main east-west-trendin
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Page 111 and 112: icite-biotite-quartz bodies in frac
Page 113 and 114: Canada Cordillera. The granitoid ro
Page 115 and 116: Viliga (VL) passive continental-mar
Page 117 and 118: 32; tables 3, 4) occurs along the n
Page 119 and 120: superterrane, consists mainly of ma
Page 121 and 122: ers, 1994c, 1997c). In southern Bri
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Page 125 and 126: a resource of 34.3 million tonnes o
Page 127 and 128: potassic zone. Combined estimated p
Page 129 and 130: and quartz monzodiorite stock and s
Page 131 and 132: and Omolon (OM) cratonal terranes,
Page 133 and 134: in volcanic and volcaniclastic rock
Page 135 and 136: minor calcite, and sporadic pyrite
Page 137 and 138: supergene blanket are interpreted a
Page 139 and 140: deposits and occurrences consist of
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Page 147 and 148: quartz, and is virtually not associ
Page 149 and 150: deposits are at Terrassnoe and Kuna
Page 151 and 152: Peschanka Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit Th
Page 153 and 154: The belt is hosted in the Late Jura
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Page 157 and 158: and Early Cretaceous Koyukuk island
Page 159 and 160: The deposit consists of disseminate
Page 161 and 162: The Orange Hill deposit contains an
Page 163 and 164: 49; tables 3, 4) (Foley and others,
Page 165 and 166: locally Late Triassic marine volcan
Page 167 and 168: gold in a gangue of quartz, calcite
Page 169 and 170: Verkhoyansk granite belt, which int
Page 171 and 172: metallogenic belts are interpreted
Page 173 and 174: assemblages, which may have been mo
Page 175 and 176: during hypogene and supergene alter
Page 177 and 178: collision and regional thrusting, t
Page 179 and 180: Yur Au Quartz Vein Deposit The smal
Page 181 and 182: phase has a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 1
Page 183 and 184: sian Northeast. The belt is hosted
Page 185 and 186: Host Granitoid Rocks and Associated
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Page 189 and 190: Metallogenic Belts Formed During La
Page 191 and 192: y partly coeval plutons that range
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tion is interpreted as occuring by
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the Badzhal-Ezop and Khingan parts
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and comagmatic with volcanic rocks;
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as interpreted for the Rock Creek d
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source (Yeo, 1992). The Blow River
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2000). The spatial location of the
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to the east in the central Yukon Te
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occur in a 30-km-long belt along ir
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The Emerald deposit has produced ap
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Ear
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cham oceans were closed, and the Ch
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greisenized Mesozoic granite that i
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composition magmatic bodies (with a
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to Albian pelecypods (Nokleberg and
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quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite, pol
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thermally altered to siliceous and
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These ore bodies are as much as 1 m
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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Demin, and Krasilnikov, 1974; Nekra
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10 percent Cu, as much as 0.92 perc
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pyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite,
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content decreases with depth, as do
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azdelnoye, (2) porphyry Sn deposits
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Karalveem Au Quartz Vein Deposit Th
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Democrat (Mitchell Lode) Granitoid-
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with high-temperature and high-pres
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chalcocite and covellite and also h
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cum-North Pacific, (2) completion o
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(6) In the Paleocene (about 56 to 6
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sists of cinnabar and metacinnabari
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Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
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groups of deposits are interpreted
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Indian Mountain and Purcell Mountai
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and southeastern Alaska (Moll and P
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Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Bundtz
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g/t Au or 368.2 Au gold. The deposi
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wim Group and altered mafic dikes.
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Mount Nansen porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
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A Map 450 500 550 Cross section Dik
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Cretaceous and early Tertiary conti
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deposits, at Chichagoff and Hirst-C
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others, 1994c, 1997c). The signific
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tonnes grading 0.53 percent Ni, 0.3
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with a 0.25 percent cut-off. The de
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Bulkley Metallogenic Belt of Porphy
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Red Rose W-Au-Cu-Ag Polymetallic Ve
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ish Columbia and consists of severa
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during back-arc extension or transt
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stocks and dikes, is associated wit
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etrograde minnesotaite (Fe talc), F
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Specific Events for Early to Middle
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of fractured and faulted Permian-Tr
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sists of a mineralized fracture zon
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dolomite. Wall rock alteration incl
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elt of late Tertiary plutons that a
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plates that exhibit magnetic anomal
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stages (Petrenko, 1999): (1) In the
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mon. The deposit is of medium size
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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The origin of the Hg deposits of th
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margin or island-arc tectonic envir
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Columbia: Implicatons for the Middl
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Bazard, D.R., Butler, R.F., Gehrels
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Bradley, D.C., Haeussler, P.J., and
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Bundtzen, T.K., Laird, G.M., Caluti
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Cecile, M.P., 1982, The lower Paleo
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Debari, S.M., and Coleman, R.G., 19
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U.S. Bureau of Land Management Open
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Cordilleran Orogen in Canada: Geolo
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Goldfarb, R., Hart, C., Miller, M.,
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Grove, E.W., 1986, Geology and mine
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Høy, T., 1982a, Stratigraphic and
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Jones, D.L., Silberling, N.J., Cone
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Kutyev, F. Sh., Baikov, A.I., Sidor
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Shield—Ultramafic magma and its m
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Manns, F.T., 1981, Stratigraphic as
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Miller, M.L., and Bundtzen, T.K., 1
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Mortimer, N., 1987, The Nicola Grou
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Noble, S.R., Spooner, E.T.C., and H
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Canada Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, S
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Perello, J.A., Fleming, J.A., O’K
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Far East—Mineralogical criteria f
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Roeske, S.M., Mattinson, J.M., and
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Schmidt, J.M., and Zierenberg, R.A.
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formation occurrences: Materialy po
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Struik, L.C., 1986, Imbricated terr
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Valuy, G., and Rostovsky, F., 1988,
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Wolfe, W.J., 1995, Exploration and
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Appendix Table 1. Mineral deposit m
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Table 2 Summary of correlations and
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Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
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Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
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Table 3—Continued Metallogenic Be
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Table 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 369 De
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Table 4—Continued Tracy Metalloge
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 373 In
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Table 4—Continued Deposit Name Mi
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Table 4—Continued Mainits Metallo
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Table 4—Continued Whitehorse Meta
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 389 LA
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Table 4—Continued Surprise Lake M
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Table 4—Continued Sredinny Metall
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