USGS Professional Paper 1697 - Alaska Resources Library

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Contents Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………… 2 Associated Project ……………………………………………………………………… 2 Metallogenic Belts ……………………………………………………………………… 3 Methodology …………………………………………………………………………… 3 Tectonic Controls for Metallogenesis …………………………………………………… 4 Metallogenic and Tectonic Definitions ………………………………………………… 5 Mineral Deposit Models ………………………………………………………………… 7 Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………………………… 7 Introduction to Phanerozoic Metallogenic and Tectonic Model for the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera ………………………………………………… 8 Paleomagnetic Dilemma: Loci of Accretion of Wrangellia Superterrane ……………… 8 Proterozoic Metallogenic Belts (2500 to 570 Ma; figures 2, 3) ………………………………… 9 Overview ………………………………………………………………………………… 9 Metallogenic Belts Formed During Proterozoic Rifting of North Asian Craton or Craton Margin …………………………………………………………………………… 9 Oroek Metallogenic Belt of Ironstone and Sediment-Hosted Cu Deposits (Belt OK), West-Central Part of Russian Northeast …………………………………… 9 Pobeda Ironstone Deposit …………………………………………………… 10 Oroek Sediment-Hosted Cu Deposit ………………………………………… 11 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Oroek Metallogenic Belt ………………… 11 Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic Belt of Anorthosite Apatite-Ti-Fe and Gabbroic Ni-Cu (PGE) Deposits (Belt LD), Central Part of Russian Far East) ………… 13 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic Belt … 15 Ulkan Metallogenic Belt of Felsic Plutonic REE Deposits (Belt UL), Northwestern Part of Russian Southeast ………………………………………………… 15 Bilyakchan Metallogenic Belt of Sediment-Hosted Cu and Basaltic Cu Deposits (Belt BI), Southwestern Part of Russian Northeast ………………………… 15 Dzhagdag Basaltic Cu and Severny Uy Occurrences ………………………… 15 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Bilyakchan Metallogenic Belt …………… 15 Omolon Metallogenic Belt of Ironstone (Superior Fe) Deposits (Belt OM), Central Part of Russian Northeast ………………………………………………… 16 Verkhny-Omolon Ironstone Deposit …………………………………………… 16 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Omolon Metallogenic Belt ……………… 16 Kilbuck Metallogenic Belt of Ironstone (Superior Fe) Deposits (Belt KI), Southwestern Alaska ……………………………………………………… 16 Metallogenic Belts Formed During Proterozoic Sedimentation, Rifting, and Hydrothermal Activity Along Cratons or Craton Margins ……………………………………… 17 Sinuk River Metallogenic Belt of Massive Sulfide-Barite and Stratabound Fe and Mn Deposits (Belt SR), Northwestern Alaska ……………………………… 17 Aurora Creek Massive Sulfide-Barite Deposit ………………………………… 17 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Sinuk River Metallogenic Belt …………… 18 Gillespie Metallogenic Belt of SEDEX Zn-Cu-Pb-Au-Ag Deposits (Belt GM), Northern Yukon Territory …………………………………………………… 18 Blende SEDEX Zn-Cu-Pb-Au-Ag Deposit ……………………………………… 18 iii
iv Hart River SEDEX Zn-Cu-Ag Deposit ………………………………………… 18 Origin of and Tectonic Setting for Gillespie Metallogenic Belt ……………… 18 Wernecke Metallogenic Belt of U-Cu-Fe (Au-Co) Vein and Breccia Deposits (Belt WR), Central Yukon Territory ……………………………………………… 19 Rapitan Metallogenic Belt of Sedimentary Iron Formation Deposits (Belt RA), Central Yukon Territory …………………………………………………… 19 Crest Iron Formation Deposit ………………………………………………… 19 Origin of and Tectonic Setting for Rapitan Metallogenic Belt ………………… 19 Metallogenic Belts Formed During Proterozoic Rifting of North American Craton or Craton Margin …………………………………………………………………… 20 Redstone Metallogenic Belt of Sediment-Hosted Cu-Ag Deposits (Belt RS), Central Yukon Territory ……………………………………………………………… 20 Coates Lake (Redstone) sediment-hosted Cu-Ag Deposit …………………… 20 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Redstone Metallogenic Belt ……………… 20 Churchill Metallogenic Belt of Cu Vein Deposits (Belt CH), Northern British Columbia … 20 Churchill (Davis Keays) Cu Vein Deposits. …………………………………… 20 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Churchill Metallogenic Belt ……………… 20 Monashee Metallogenic Belt of Sedimentary Exhalative (SEDEX) Zn-Pb-Ag Deposits (Belt MO), Southern British Columbia …………………………… 21 Big Ledge SEDEX Zn-Pb Deposit ……………………………………………… 21 Ruddock Creek SEDEX Zn-Pb Deposit ………………………………………… 21 Mount Copeland Porphyry Mo Deposit ……………………………………… 21 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Monashee Metallogenic Belt …………… 21 Purcell Metallogenic Belt of SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag Deposits (Belt PR), Southern British Columbia …………………………………………………………………… 21 Sullivan SEDEX Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit …………………………………………… 21 Origin of and Tectonic Setting for Purcell Metallogenic Belt ………………… 22 Clark Range Metallogenic Belt of Sediment-Hosted Cu-Ag Deposits, Southern British Columbia (Belt CR) ………………………………………………… 23 Clark Range Sediment-Hosted Cu-Ag Deposits ……………………………… 23 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Clark Range Metallogenic Belt ………… 23 Cambrian through Silurian Metallogenic Belts (570 to 408 Ma) ……………………………… 23 Overview ………………………………………………………………………………… 23 Metallogenic Belts Formed During Early Paleozoic Marine Sedimentation in Rifted Fragments of Gondwandaland Supercontinent ………………………………… 24 Voznesenka Metallogenic Belt of Korean Pb-Zn Deposits (Belt VZ), Southern Russian Southeast ………………………………………………………… 24 Voznesenka-I Korean Pb-Zn Deposit ………………………………………… 24 Chernyshevskoe Korean Pb-Zn Deposit ……………………………………… 24 Origin of and Tectonic Controls for Voznesenka Metallogenic Belt …………… 24 Kabarga Metallogenic Belt of Ironstone Superior Fe) Deposits (Belt KB), Southern Russian Southeast ………………………………………………………… 24 Metallogenic Belts Formed During Early Paleozoic Sedimentation or Marine Volcanism in Manchurid or Altaid Orogenic Systems ……………………………………… 25 South Khingan Metallogenic Belt of Ironstone (Superior Fe) Deposits (Belt SK), Southern Russian Southeast ……………………………………………… 25 Gar Metallogenic Belts of Volcanogenic Fe Deposits and Stratiform Cu and Pb-Zn Deposits (Belt GR), Western Part of Russian Southeast …………………… 26 Gar Volcanogenic Fe Deposit ………………………………………………… 26 Kamenushinskoe Cu Massive Sulfide Deposit ………………………………… 26
Page 1 and 2: USGS Prepared in collaboration with
Page 3: U.S. Department of the Interior Gal
Page 7 and 8: vi Specific Events for Middle Throu
Page 9 and 10: viii Metallogenic Belts Formed Duri
Page 11 and 12: x Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
Page 13 and 14: xii Toodoggone Metallogenic Belt of
Page 15 and 16: xiv Slate Creek Serpentinite-Hosted
Page 17 and 18: xvi Left Omolon Belt of Porphyry Mo
Page 19 and 20: xviii Origin of and Tectonic Contro
Page 21 and 22: xx Chukotka Metallogenic Belt of Au
Page 23 and 24: xxii Plutonic Rocks Hosting East-Ce
Page 25 and 26: xxiv Skeena Metallogenic Belt of Po
Page 27 and 28: xxvi Bee Creek Porphyry Cu Deposit
Page 29 and 30: xxviii 36. Wellgreen gabbroic Ni-Cu
Page 31 and 32: xxx 87. Partizanskoe Pb-Zn skarn de
Page 33 and 34: Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
Page 35 and 36: format (Nokleberg and others, 1996)
Page 37 and 38: logenesis of the region (1) subduct
Page 39 and 40: Subterrane—A fault-bounded unit w
Page 41 and 42: dilemma consists of two conflicting
Page 43 and 44: 2 to 20 m thick. A related dolomite
Page 45 and 46: Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic B
Page 47 and 48: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 49 and 50: Metallogenic Belts Formed During Pr
Page 51 and 52: as at Oz, Monster, and Tart, may al
Page 53 and 54: Monashee Metallogenic Belt of Sedim
Page 55 and 56:
Clark Range Metallogenic Belt of Se
Page 57 and 58:
in addition to the Fe deposits. Min
Page 59 and 60:
study) consists of lenses, from 100
Page 61 and 62:
Omulev Austrian Alps W Deposit The
Page 63 and 64:
ock, including coarse clastic rock,
Page 65 and 66:
lative metalliferous brines in a re
Page 67 and 68:
Prince of Wales Island Metallogenic
Page 69 and 70:
suite of deposits and host rocks ar
Page 71 and 72:
margin of the North American Craton
Page 73 and 74:
newly created terranes migrated int
Page 75 and 76:
(Ryazantzeva and Shurko, 1992). The
Page 77 and 78:
tonnes Au and an average grade of a
Page 79 and 80:
mafic and felsic metavolcanic rocks
Page 81 and 82:
intrusion from about 402 to 366 Ma
Page 83 and 84:
Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 85 and 86:
mentary rocks of the Cambrian to De
Page 87 and 88:
(Preto and Schiarizza, 1985; Schiar
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
ate and clastic rocks and volcanicl
Page 93 and 94:
(Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c
Page 95 and 96:
Berezovka River Metallogenic Belt o
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Finlayson Lake Metallogenic Belt of
Page 101 and 102:
and barite in siliceous black turbi
Page 103 and 104:
Windermere Creek (Western Gypsum) C
Page 105 and 106:
(NX, DL, MY), Viliga (VL), and Zolo
Page 107 and 108:
South of the main east-west-trendin
Page 109 and 110:
ated subduction zone in the Wrangel
Page 111 and 112:
icite-biotite-quartz bodies in frac
Page 113 and 114:
Canada Cordillera. The granitoid ro
Page 115 and 116:
Viliga (VL) passive continental-mar
Page 117 and 118:
32; tables 3, 4) occurs along the n
Page 119 and 120:
superterrane, consists mainly of ma
Page 121 and 122:
ers, 1994c, 1997c). In southern Bri
Page 123 and 124:
mental volcanic rocks of intermedia
Page 125 and 126:
a resource of 34.3 million tonnes o
Page 127 and 128:
potassic zone. Combined estimated p
Page 129 and 130:
and quartz monzodiorite stock and s
Page 131 and 132:
and Omolon (OM) cratonal terranes,
Page 133 and 134:
in volcanic and volcaniclastic rock
Page 135 and 136:
minor calcite, and sporadic pyrite
Page 137 and 138:
supergene blanket are interpreted a
Page 139 and 140:
deposits and occurrences consist of
Page 141 and 142:
onto the Omulevka terrane to form t
Page 143 and 144:
superterrane. This belt is interpre
Page 145 and 146:
to form along the leading edge of t
Page 147 and 148:
quartz, and is virtually not associ
Page 149 and 150:
deposits are at Terrassnoe and Kuna
Page 151 and 152:
Peschanka Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit Th
Page 153 and 154:
The belt is hosted in the Late Jura
Page 155 and 156:
in a island arc that was tectonical
Page 157 and 158:
and Early Cretaceous Koyukuk island
Page 159 and 160:
The deposit consists of disseminate
Page 161 and 162:
The Orange Hill deposit contains an
Page 163 and 164:
49; tables 3, 4) (Foley and others,
Page 165 and 166:
locally Late Triassic marine volcan
Page 167 and 168:
gold in a gangue of quartz, calcite
Page 169 and 170:
Verkhoyansk granite belt, which int
Page 171 and 172:
metallogenic belts are interpreted
Page 173 and 174:
assemblages, which may have been mo
Page 175 and 176:
during hypogene and supergene alter
Page 177 and 178:
collision and regional thrusting, t
Page 179 and 180:
Yur Au Quartz Vein Deposit The smal
Page 181 and 182:
phase has a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 1
Page 183 and 184:
sian Northeast. The belt is hosted
Page 185 and 186:
Host Granitoid Rocks and Associated
Page 187 and 188:
that are up to 600-1,500 m long, av
Page 189 and 190:
Metallogenic Belts Formed During La
Page 191 and 192:
y partly coeval plutons that range
Page 193 and 194:
tion is interpreted as occuring by
Page 195 and 196:
the Badzhal-Ezop and Khingan parts
Page 197 and 198:
and comagmatic with volcanic rocks;
Page 199 and 200:
as interpreted for the Rock Creek d
Page 201 and 202:
source (Yeo, 1992). The Blow River
Page 203 and 204:
2000). The spatial location of the
Page 205 and 206:
to the east in the central Yukon Te
Page 207 and 208:
occur in a 30-km-long belt along ir
Page 209 and 210:
The Emerald deposit has produced ap
Page 211 and 212:
Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Ear
Page 213 and 214:
cham oceans were closed, and the Ch
Page 215 and 216:
greisenized Mesozoic granite that i
Page 217 and 218:
composition magmatic bodies (with a
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
to Albian pelecypods (Nokleberg and
Page 223 and 224:
quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite, pol
Page 225 and 226:
thermally altered to siliceous and
Page 227 and 228:
These ore bodies are as much as 1 m
Page 229 and 230:
Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 231 and 232:
Demin, and Krasilnikov, 1974; Nekra
Page 233 and 234:
10 percent Cu, as much as 0.92 perc
Page 235 and 236:
pyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite,
Page 237 and 238:
content decreases with depth, as do
Page 239 and 240:
azdelnoye, (2) porphyry Sn deposits
Page 241 and 242:
Karalveem Au Quartz Vein Deposit Th
Page 243 and 244:
Democrat (Mitchell Lode) Granitoid-
Page 245 and 246:
with high-temperature and high-pres
Page 247 and 248:
chalcocite and covellite and also h
Page 249 and 250:
cum-North Pacific, (2) completion o
Page 251 and 252:
(6) In the Paleocene (about 56 to 6
Page 253 and 254:
sists of cinnabar and metacinnabari
Page 255 and 256:
Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 257 and 258:
groups of deposits are interpreted
Page 259 and 260:
Indian Mountain and Purcell Mountai
Page 261 and 262:
and southeastern Alaska (Moll and P
Page 263 and 264:
Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Bundtz
Page 265 and 266:
g/t Au or 368.2 Au gold. The deposi
Page 267 and 268:
wim Group and altered mafic dikes.
Page 269 and 270:
Mount Nansen porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
Page 271 and 272:
A Map 450 500 550 Cross section Dik
Page 273 and 274:
Cretaceous and early Tertiary conti
Page 275 and 276:
deposits, at Chichagoff and Hirst-C
Page 277 and 278:
others, 1994c, 1997c). The signific
Page 279 and 280:
tonnes grading 0.53 percent Ni, 0.3
Page 281 and 282:
with a 0.25 percent cut-off. The de
Page 283 and 284:
Bulkley Metallogenic Belt of Porphy
Page 285 and 286:
Red Rose W-Au-Cu-Ag Polymetallic Ve
Page 287 and 288:
ish Columbia and consists of severa
Page 289 and 290:
during back-arc extension or transt
Page 291 and 292:
stocks and dikes, is associated wit
Page 293 and 294:
etrograde minnesotaite (Fe talc), F
Page 295 and 296:
Specific Events for Early to Middle
Page 297 and 298:
of fractured and faulted Permian-Tr
Page 299 and 300:
sists of a mineralized fracture zon
Page 301 and 302:
dolomite. Wall rock alteration incl
Page 303 and 304:
elt of late Tertiary plutons that a
Page 305 and 306:
plates that exhibit magnetic anomal
Page 307 and 308:
stages (Petrenko, 1999): (1) In the
Page 309 and 310:
mon. The deposit is of medium size
Page 311 and 312:
Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
Page 313 and 314:
The origin of the Hg deposits of th
Page 315 and 316:
margin or island-arc tectonic envir
Page 317 and 318:
Columbia: Implicatons for the Middl
Page 319 and 320:
Bazard, D.R., Butler, R.F., Gehrels
Page 321 and 322:
Bradley, D.C., Haeussler, P.J., and
Page 323 and 324:
Bundtzen, T.K., Laird, G.M., Caluti
Page 325 and 326:
Cecile, M.P., 1982, The lower Paleo
Page 327 and 328:
Debari, S.M., and Coleman, R.G., 19
Page 329 and 330:
U.S. Bureau of Land Management Open
Page 331 and 332:
Cordilleran Orogen in Canada: Geolo
Page 333 and 334:
Goldfarb, R., Hart, C., Miller, M.,
Page 335 and 336:
Grove, E.W., 1986, Geology and mine
Page 337 and 338:
Høy, T., 1982a, Stratigraphic and
Page 339 and 340:
Jones, D.L., Silberling, N.J., Cone
Page 341 and 342:
Kutyev, F. Sh., Baikov, A.I., Sidor
Page 343 and 344:
Shield—Ultramafic magma and its m
Page 345 and 346:
Manns, F.T., 1981, Stratigraphic as
Page 347 and 348:
Miller, M.L., and Bundtzen, T.K., 1
Page 349 and 350:
Mortimer, N., 1987, The Nicola Grou
Page 351 and 352:
Noble, S.R., Spooner, E.T.C., and H
Page 353 and 354:
Canada Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, S
Page 355 and 356:
Perello, J.A., Fleming, J.A., O’K
Page 357 and 358:
Far East—Mineralogical criteria f
Page 359 and 360:
Roeske, S.M., Mattinson, J.M., and
Page 361 and 362:
Schmidt, J.M., and Zierenberg, R.A.
Page 363 and 364:
formation occurrences: Materialy po
Page 365 and 366:
Struik, L.C., 1986, Imbricated terr
Page 367 and 368:
Valuy, G., and Rostovsky, F., 1988,
Page 369 and 370:
Wolfe, W.J., 1995, Exploration and
Page 371 and 372:
Appendix Table 1. Mineral deposit m
Page 373 and 374:
Table 2 Summary of correlations and
Page 375 and 376:
Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
Page 377 and 378:
Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
Page 379 and 380:
Table 3—Continued Metallogenic Be
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Table 4. Significant lode deposits,
Page 401 and 402:
Table 4—Continued Appendix 369 De
Page 403 and 404:
Table 4—Continued Tracy Metalloge
Page 405 and 406:
Table 4—Continued Appendix 373 In
Page 407 and 408:
Table 4—Continued Deposit Name Mi
Page 409 and 410:
Table 4—Continued Mainits Metallo
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Table 4—Continued Whitehorse Meta
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Table 4—Continued Appendix 389 LA
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Table 4—Continued Surprise Lake M
Page 427 and 428:
Table 4—Continued Sredinny Metall
Page 429:
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