USGS Professional Paper 1697 - Alaska Resources Library

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190 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, <strong>Alaska</strong>, and the Canadian Cordillera deposits formed in the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary (70-60 Ma) and are Sn silica-sulfide vein deposits, as at Arsenyevsky, which are composed mainly of cassiterite and silicate minerals. These deposits are often generally spatially related to the older Sn polymetallic deposits and formed simultaneously with Zn-Pb skarn deposits of the postaccretionary Taukha metallogenic belt to the east. The Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary Sn silica-sulfide vein deposits are interpreted as related to the formation of ultrapotassic rhyolite volcanic porphyries; however, any direct relation to intrusion rocks is quite obscure. Tigrinoe Sn Greisen Deposit The Tigrinoe Sn greisen deposit (fig. 91) (Rodionov and Rodionova, 1980; Rodionov and others, 1984; Ruchkin and Map A B 0 100 m Cross section A Victoria Zone Polyarnaya Zone Polymaya Zone Victoria Zone B Quaternary deposits Clastic rock Andesite dike Diorite porphyry Mineralized zone Contact Fault Figure 90. Iskra deposit Sn polymetallic vein deposit, Luzhkinsky metallogenic belt, Russian Southeast. Schematic geologic map and cross section. Adapted from Gonevchuk and others (1998). See figure 79 and table 4 for location. others, 1986; Rodionov and others, 1987; Korostelev and others, 1990; Gerasimov and others, 1990; Gonevchuk and Gonevchuk, 1991; Gonevchuk and others, 1998) is a complex Sn-W deposit consisting of (1) a stockwork of quartz-topazmicaceous greisen along the contact of a massif of Li-F granite, (2) a linear stockwork consisting of a thick network (5 to 70 veinlets per meter) of parallel north-south-trending quartztopaz veins from 3 to 100 cm thick that are hosted in contactmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks adjacent to the granite intrusion, and (3) a sulfide breccia pipe consisting of rock fragments of the stockwork and greisen cemented by quartz with lesser carbonate, fluorite, and sulfides. Three stages of mineralization are distinguished—(1) early quartz-molybdenite-bismuthinite, (2) middle-stage REE greisen of wolframite-cassiterite with high contents of Sc, Ni, and Ta, and (3) late hydrothermal quartz-fluorite-carbonate-sulfide veins. In, Cd, Ag, and Se are enriched in sulfides of the two last stages. A Rb-Sr age of the lithium-fluorine granite is 86 ± 6 Ma with an initial Sr ratio of 0.7093. A Rb-Sr age of the greisen is 73 ± 18 Ma with an initial Sr ratio of 0.7105. The average grade is 0.14 percent Sn and 0.045 percent W 2O 3. The deposit is of medium size. Zimnee Sn Polymetallic Vein Deposit The Zimnee Sn polymetallic vein deposit (P.G. Korostelev and others, written commun., 1980; Nazarova, 1983; Gonevchuk and others, 1998) consists of mineralized breccia,breccia- and fracture-filling veins, zones of closely spaced veinlets, and pockets that occur in fracture zones. The Sn polymetallic ore bodies have strike lengths as much as 1200 m, are extensive down dip, and vary in thickness from several tenths of a meter to several tens of meters. The deposit occurs near a granodiorite body and consists mainly of pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, stannite, and cassiterite. Ore far from the granodiorite and in the upper part of veins is mostly galena with fine-grained cassiterite. Near the granodiorite, the ore consists of breccia-bearing fragments of tin-sulfide minerals that are cemented by a quartz-micaceous (greisen) aggregate with arsenopyrite and cassiterite. The K-Ar age of altered rocks associated with the Sn-polymetallic ores is 75 Ma. The age of greisen assemblage is approximately 50 Ma as determined by a K-Ar age of 50 Ma for the granodiorite. The deposit exhibits regional metamorphism and cataclasis, and is small. Average grades are 0.1 to 3.0 percent Cu, 3.18 percent Pb, 0.59 percent Sn, and 4.09 percent Zn. Arsenyevskoe Sn Silica-Sulfide Vein Deposit The Arsenyevskoe Sn silicate-sulfide vein deposit (fig. 92) (Rub and others, 1974; Radkevich and others, 1980; Gonevchuk and others, 1998), one of the larger Sn vein mines in the Luzhkinsky belt, consists of a series of parallel, steeply dipping quartz veins as much as 1,000 m along strike and 600 to 700 m down dip. The deposit is closely associated with moderate to steeply dipping rhyolite dikes with K-Ar isotopic ages of 60 Ma (early Tertiary). The ore mineral assemblage is vertically zoned. From the top downwards, the assemblages are quartz-cassiterite,
quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite, polymetallic, and arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite. The rhyolite exhibits quartz-sericite alteration. Local miarolithic cavities are filled with cassiterite. The deposit is of medium size. Sn content ranges from 0.1 to 25 percent and averages 2-3 percent, WO 3 content ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 percent, Pb and Zn from 1-2 percent, Ag content is about few hundred ppm. The deposit has been mined since the 1970’s. Yantarnoe Porphyry Sn Deposit Porphyry Sn deposits, as at Yantarnoe, occur in the northern part of the Luzhkinsky belt. These deposits are Map A Cross section A B Turbidite deposits (Early Cretaceous) Granite porphyry, first phase(Late Cretaceous) Granite porphyry (Late Cretaceous) Basalt and andesite dike Granite porphyry dike ~~ 0 Ore body Fault Contact B Shear zone Early Late Cretaceous Metallogenic Belts (100 to 84 Ma; figs. 79, 80) 191 poorly studied, although they are very promising economically. The Yantarnoe deposit (Rodionov, 1988) consists of veinlets and disseminations of cassiterite and sulfide minerals in a pipe-like body and a volcanic breccia composed of trachyandesite and rhyolite that intrude Early Cretaceous clastic sedimentary rocks. The earliest mineralization was associated with rhyolite in the pipe-like body and volcanic breccia and produced mainly pyrite-chalcopyrite. The major part formed after the intrusion of an explosive breccia and consists of metasomatic quartz-chlorite, quartz-sericite, and quartz-chlorite-sericite alterations that contain a sulfide-free cassiterite-chlorite-quartz assemblage and a Sn-polymetallic ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 200 400 600 m Figure 91. Tigrinoe Sn-W greisen deposit, Luzhkinsky metallogenic belt, Russian Southeast. Schematic geologic map and cross section. Adapted from Korostelev and others (1990). See figure 79 and table 4 for location.
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USGS Prepared in collaboration with
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U.S. Department of the Interior Gal
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iv Hart River SEDEX Zn-Cu-Ag Deposi
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vi Specific Events for Middle Throu
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viii Metallogenic Belts Formed Duri
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x Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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xii Toodoggone Metallogenic Belt of
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xiv Slate Creek Serpentinite-Hosted
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xvi Left Omolon Belt of Porphyry Mo
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xviii Origin of and Tectonic Contro
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xx Chukotka Metallogenic Belt of Au
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xxii Plutonic Rocks Hosting East-Ce
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xxiv Skeena Metallogenic Belt of Po
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xxvi Bee Creek Porphyry Cu Deposit
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xxviii 36. Wellgreen gabbroic Ni-Cu
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xxx 87. Partizanskoe Pb-Zn skarn de
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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format (Nokleberg and others, 1996)
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logenesis of the region (1) subduct
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Subterrane—A fault-bounded unit w
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dilemma consists of two conflicting
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2 to 20 m thick. A related dolomite
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Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic B
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed During Pr
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as at Oz, Monster, and Tart, may al
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Monashee Metallogenic Belt of Sedim
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Clark Range Metallogenic Belt of Se
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in addition to the Fe deposits. Min
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study) consists of lenses, from 100
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Omulev Austrian Alps W Deposit The
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ock, including coarse clastic rock,
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lative metalliferous brines in a re
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Prince of Wales Island Metallogenic
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suite of deposits and host rocks ar
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margin of the North American Craton
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newly created terranes migrated int
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(Ryazantzeva and Shurko, 1992). The
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tonnes Au and an average grade of a
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mafic and felsic metavolcanic rocks
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intrusion from about 402 to 366 Ma
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mentary rocks of the Cambrian to De
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(Preto and Schiarizza, 1985; Schiar
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ate and clastic rocks and volcanicl
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(Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c
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Berezovka River Metallogenic Belt o
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Finlayson Lake Metallogenic Belt of
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and barite in siliceous black turbi
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Windermere Creek (Western Gypsum) C
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(NX, DL, MY), Viliga (VL), and Zolo
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South of the main east-west-trendin
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ated subduction zone in the Wrangel
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icite-biotite-quartz bodies in frac
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Canada Cordillera. The granitoid ro
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Viliga (VL) passive continental-mar
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32; tables 3, 4) occurs along the n
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superterrane, consists mainly of ma
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ers, 1994c, 1997c). In southern Bri
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mental volcanic rocks of intermedia
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a resource of 34.3 million tonnes o
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potassic zone. Combined estimated p
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and quartz monzodiorite stock and s
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and Omolon (OM) cratonal terranes,
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in volcanic and volcaniclastic rock
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minor calcite, and sporadic pyrite
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supergene blanket are interpreted a
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deposits and occurrences consist of
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onto the Omulevka terrane to form t
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superterrane. This belt is interpre
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to form along the leading edge of t
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quartz, and is virtually not associ
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deposits are at Terrassnoe and Kuna
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Peschanka Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit Th
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The belt is hosted in the Late Jura
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in a island arc that was tectonical
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and Early Cretaceous Koyukuk island
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The deposit consists of disseminate
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The Orange Hill deposit contains an
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49; tables 3, 4) (Foley and others,
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locally Late Triassic marine volcan
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gold in a gangue of quartz, calcite
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Verkhoyansk granite belt, which int
Page 171 and 172: metallogenic belts are interpreted
Page 173 and 174: assemblages, which may have been mo
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Page 177 and 178: collision and regional thrusting, t
Page 179 and 180: Yur Au Quartz Vein Deposit The smal
Page 181 and 182: phase has a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 1
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Page 185 and 186: Host Granitoid Rocks and Associated
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Page 189 and 190: Metallogenic Belts Formed During La
Page 191 and 192: y partly coeval plutons that range
Page 193 and 194: tion is interpreted as occuring by
Page 195 and 196: the Badzhal-Ezop and Khingan parts
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Page 199 and 200: as interpreted for the Rock Creek d
Page 201 and 202: source (Yeo, 1992). The Blow River
Page 203 and 204: 2000). The spatial location of the
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Page 207 and 208: occur in a 30-km-long belt along ir
Page 209 and 210: The Emerald deposit has produced ap
Page 211 and 212: Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Ear
Page 213 and 214: cham oceans were closed, and the Ch
Page 215 and 216: greisenized Mesozoic granite that i
Page 217 and 218: composition magmatic bodies (with a
Page 219 and 220: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Page 225 and 226: thermally altered to siliceous and
Page 227 and 228: These ore bodies are as much as 1 m
Page 229 and 230: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 231 and 232: Demin, and Krasilnikov, 1974; Nekra
Page 233 and 234: 10 percent Cu, as much as 0.92 perc
Page 235 and 236: pyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite,
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Page 239 and 240: azdelnoye, (2) porphyry Sn deposits
Page 241 and 242: Karalveem Au Quartz Vein Deposit Th
Page 243 and 244: Democrat (Mitchell Lode) Granitoid-
Page 245 and 246: with high-temperature and high-pres
Page 247 and 248: chalcocite and covellite and also h
Page 249 and 250: cum-North Pacific, (2) completion o
Page 251 and 252: (6) In the Paleocene (about 56 to 6
Page 253 and 254: sists of cinnabar and metacinnabari
Page 255 and 256: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 257 and 258: groups of deposits are interpreted
Page 259 and 260: Indian Mountain and Purcell Mountai
Page 261 and 262: and southeastern Alaska (Moll and P
Page 263 and 264: Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Bundtz
Page 265 and 266: g/t Au or 368.2 Au gold. The deposi
Page 267 and 268: wim Group and altered mafic dikes.
Page 269 and 270: Mount Nansen porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
Page 271 and 272: A Map 450 500 550 Cross section Dik
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Cretaceous and early Tertiary conti
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deposits, at Chichagoff and Hirst-C
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others, 1994c, 1997c). The signific
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tonnes grading 0.53 percent Ni, 0.3
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with a 0.25 percent cut-off. The de
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Bulkley Metallogenic Belt of Porphy
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Red Rose W-Au-Cu-Ag Polymetallic Ve
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ish Columbia and consists of severa
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during back-arc extension or transt
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stocks and dikes, is associated wit
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etrograde minnesotaite (Fe talc), F
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Specific Events for Early to Middle
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of fractured and faulted Permian-Tr
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sists of a mineralized fracture zon
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dolomite. Wall rock alteration incl
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elt of late Tertiary plutons that a
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plates that exhibit magnetic anomal
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stages (Petrenko, 1999): (1) In the
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mon. The deposit is of medium size
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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The origin of the Hg deposits of th
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margin or island-arc tectonic envir
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Columbia: Implicatons for the Middl
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Bazard, D.R., Butler, R.F., Gehrels
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Bradley, D.C., Haeussler, P.J., and
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Bundtzen, T.K., Laird, G.M., Caluti
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Cecile, M.P., 1982, The lower Paleo
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Debari, S.M., and Coleman, R.G., 19
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U.S. Bureau of Land Management Open
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Cordilleran Orogen in Canada: Geolo
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Goldfarb, R., Hart, C., Miller, M.,
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Grove, E.W., 1986, Geology and mine
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Høy, T., 1982a, Stratigraphic and
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Jones, D.L., Silberling, N.J., Cone
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Kutyev, F. Sh., Baikov, A.I., Sidor
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Shield—Ultramafic magma and its m
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Manns, F.T., 1981, Stratigraphic as
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Miller, M.L., and Bundtzen, T.K., 1
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Mortimer, N., 1987, The Nicola Grou
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Noble, S.R., Spooner, E.T.C., and H
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Canada Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, S
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Perello, J.A., Fleming, J.A., O’K
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Far East—Mineralogical criteria f
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Roeske, S.M., Mattinson, J.M., and
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Schmidt, J.M., and Zierenberg, R.A.
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formation occurrences: Materialy po
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Struik, L.C., 1986, Imbricated terr
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Valuy, G., and Rostovsky, F., 1988,
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Wolfe, W.J., 1995, Exploration and
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Appendix Table 1. Mineral deposit m
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Table 2 Summary of correlations and
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Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
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Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
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Table 3—Continued Metallogenic Be
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Table 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 369 De
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Table 4—Continued Tracy Metalloge
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 373 In
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Table 4—Continued Deposit Name Mi
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Table 4—Continued Mainits Metallo
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Table 4—Continued Whitehorse Meta
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 389 LA
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Table 4—Continued Surprise Lake M
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Table 4—Continued Sredinny Metall
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