USGS Professional Paper 1697 - Alaska Resources Library

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178 Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the Russian Far East, Alaska, and the Canadian Cordillera Peninsula, in the Koryak Highlands in the Russian Far East are two metallogenic belts, which are hosted in the Olyutorka- Kamchatka island-arc terrane. The Koryak Highlands (KH) belt contains zoned mafic-ultramafic PGE and Cu massive sulfide deposits, and the Vatyn (VT) belt contains volcanogenic Mn and Fe deposits. Both belts are interpreted as forming in different parts of the Olyutorka island arc. (6) In the Russian Northeast, the Chukotka (CH) belt, which contains mainly Au quartz vein deposits, is hosted in the Chukotka passive continental-margin terrane and is interpreted as forming during regional metamorphism and anatectic granitic plutonism associated with accretion of the Chukotka passive continental-margin terrane to the North Asian Craton Margin. (7) In east-central and southern Alaska, are three metallogenic belts, which are interpreted as forming during regional metamorphism associated with accretion of Wrangellia superterrane to southern Alaska. These belts are the (a) the Yukon-Tanana LATE CRETACEOUS METALLOGENIC BELTS ANN - Aniva-Nabil BZ-KH - Badzhal-Exop-Khingan CD - Chokurdak CH - Chukotka EA - Eastern Asia AT - Adycha-Taryn EACN - Chaun zone EADE - Dogo-Erikit zone EAKN - Korkodon-Nahakhan zone EAKY - Koni-Yablon zone EAOH - Okhotsk zone EAOM - Omsukchan zone EAVK - Verkhne-Kolyma zone EAVV - Vostochno-Verkhoyansk zone 120 44 (unmapped) SMA oa SG es TK TU sj oa uo bu ko es ua oa KK 315 KM - Kema KH - Koryak Highlands LA - Lower Amur LZ - Luzhinsky SG - Sergeevka TK - Taukha VT - Vatyn MO ej ej oa NSS KE oa ud TD ko BD BZ-KH AM SMA AM LZ CA KM HI TO ko GL UL UL AM LA es es oa ANV sp NAB ANN ANV kr NE 0 800 km 0 800 mi 60 EAOH TR ku NSC KK 156 ud EAKY oc Upland (YT) belt, which contains Au quartz vein deposits and is hosted in the metamorphosed continental-margin Yukon- Tanana terrane, (b) the East-Central Alaska (older part) (ECA) belt, which contains granitic-magmatism-related deposits and is hosted in the Yukon-Tanana terrane, and (c) the Wrangell Mountains (WR) belt, which contains Cu-Ag quartz vein and Kennecott Cu deposits and is hosted the Wrangellia island-arc superterrane. (8) In the Canadian Cordillera, continuing on from the late Early Cretaceous, were the Bayonne (BA), Cassiar (CA), Selwyn (SW), and Whitehorse (WH) belts, which contain granitic-magmatism-related deposits, and are hosted in or near anatectic granitic plutons of the Omineca-Selwyn plutonic belt that is interpreted as forming during final accretion of Wrangellia superterrane to North American continental-margin. In the below descriptions of metallogenic belts, a few of the noteable or signficant lode deposits (table 4) are described for each belt. NSC wvk KN ma io oa SA oa oaEACD EAVV no EACD NSV EAAT KN io io io EACD KN EADE AL oa wvk ma AO MT RA io KH Sea of Okhotsk ku KUK 68 LE EAKY ma EAOH EAKY RA oa KN AGR EAVK EAOM io KM IR ka IR VT OKA OK VT SB KRO VT VT PAC oc 168 KN 76 EAKN kk al 120 132 Pacific Ocean om NU rc LS AC SA io YA OL EAKYKM PA kk PA TL kk 144 kb MT OKA VT EK al 156 168 180 180 om CH om oc CH WP EACN kk VE PK Figure 79. Generalized map of major Late Cretaceous metallogenic belts, overlap assemblages, and tectonically linked subductionzone or accretionary-wedge terranes for Russian Far East, northern Japan, and adjacent offshore areas. Refer to text for description of metallogenic belts. Adapted from Nokleberg and others (1997b, 1998). Refer to figure 61 for explanation. EAVK VT, KH CH MAI ar Arctic Ocean AV PW MT Bering Sea al KY om oc kk bs km 168 76 168 72 68 60 56 52
Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Early Late Cretaceous (100 to 84 Ma; fig. 81) During the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian though Santonian—100 to 84 Ma), the major metallogenic-tectonic events were (fig. 81; table 3) (1) establishment of a series of continental-margin arcs and associated metallogenic belts, and companion subduction-zone assemblages almost continuously around the Circum-North Pacific, (2) continued opening of an ocean that would become the Amerasia, Canada, and Eurasia Basins, (3) completion of accretion of the Wrangellia superterrane and formation of associated metallogenic belts, and (4) in the eastern part of the Circum-North Pacific, a change to orthogonal compression between the Farallon oceanic plate and North America. Specific Events for Early Late Cretaceous (1) At about 32º to 60º paleolatitude, the Olyutorka island arc commenced activity. Parts of the arc are preserved in the 168 168 al 156 Arctic Ocean CG 144 PW 132 56 52 72 NAC co yk KY K ia km K at oc yk at km kw kw at wr 72 FO co oa oa oa om kn TI om SW om oa om oa ECA, om cn DEYT TE bs om cn KO KA gg WR BR bs kh CG ECA, WR YT DE CG km KY YAK bs PW oa AL TI om FO CA NR WH PI cr sk bo cn gg cr NY GD TG oa PW QC CG PAC BR AL CO Pacific Ocean 156 144 Early Late Cretaceous Metallogenic Belts (100 to 84 Ma; figs. 79, 80) 179 Nemuro (NE), Kronotskiy (KRO), and Olyutorka-Kamchatka (OKA), Iruneisky (IR), Shmidt (SHT), and Terpeniya (TR) terranes. Forming in the Olyutorka arc were the Koryak Highlands metallogenic belt, which contains zoned mafic-ultramafic PGE and Cu massive sulfide deposits, and the Vatyn (VT) metallogenic belt, which contains volcanogenic Mn and Fe deposits. Also associated with the arc was subduction of part of adjacent oceanic plate to form the Vetlovskiy (VT) terrane. This arc and companion subduction zone migrated northward toward the Okhotsk-Chukotka continental-margin arc. (2) The East Sikhote-Alin (es) continental-margin arc was initiated. This major Andean-type arc overlapped previously accreted adjacent terranes in both the Russian Southeast and to the south. This arc extended for a distance more than 1,600 km along the active Russian Southeast continental margin. Forming as part of the arc was the West Sakhalin (WSA) turbidite basin terrane. Forming in the East-Sikhote arc were the Kema, Lower Amur, Luzhkinsky, Segeevka, and Taukha metallogenic belts. Also associated with the East-Sikhote arc was oblique 800 km Figure 80. Generalized map of major Late Cretaceous metallogenic belts, overlap assemblages, and tectonically linked subductionzone or accretionary-wedge terranes for Alaska, Canadian Cordillera, and adjacent offshore areas. Refer to text for description of metallogenic belts. Adapted from Nokleberg and others (1997b, 1998). Refer to figure 62 for explanation. 48 0 64 tt kl cn oa cr NAC 132 LATE CRETACEOUS METALLOGENIC BELTS BA - Bayonne CA - Cassiar ECA - East-Central Alaska FM - Fortymile SW - Selwyn WH - Whitehorse WR - Wrangell Mountains YT - Yukon-Tanana Upland ns FS gg gg PA gg oa cr BR ns sb PR HO OC JFR 56 JF SZ BA kl cn WA WA CC cr cn ca om ca oa 0 800 mi ns FO 48
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USGS Prepared in collaboration with
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U.S. Department of the Interior Gal
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iv Hart River SEDEX Zn-Cu-Ag Deposi
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vi Specific Events for Middle Throu
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viii Metallogenic Belts Formed Duri
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x Origin of and Tectonic Controls f
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xii Toodoggone Metallogenic Belt of
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xiv Slate Creek Serpentinite-Hosted
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xvi Left Omolon Belt of Porphyry Mo
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xviii Origin of and Tectonic Contro
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xx Chukotka Metallogenic Belt of Au
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xxii Plutonic Rocks Hosting East-Ce
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xxiv Skeena Metallogenic Belt of Po
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xxvi Bee Creek Porphyry Cu Deposit
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xxviii 36. Wellgreen gabbroic Ni-Cu
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xxx 87. Partizanskoe Pb-Zn skarn de
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Metallogenesis and Tectonics of the
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format (Nokleberg and others, 1996)
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logenesis of the region (1) subduct
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Subterrane—A fault-bounded unit w
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dilemma consists of two conflicting
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2 to 20 m thick. A related dolomite
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Lantarsky-Dzhugdzhur Metallogenic B
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Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
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Metallogenic Belts Formed During Pr
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as at Oz, Monster, and Tart, may al
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Monashee Metallogenic Belt of Sedim
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Clark Range Metallogenic Belt of Se
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in addition to the Fe deposits. Min
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study) consists of lenses, from 100
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Omulev Austrian Alps W Deposit The
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ock, including coarse clastic rock,
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lative metalliferous brines in a re
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Prince of Wales Island Metallogenic
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suite of deposits and host rocks ar
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margin of the North American Craton
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newly created terranes migrated int
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(Ryazantzeva and Shurko, 1992). The
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tonnes Au and an average grade of a
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mafic and felsic metavolcanic rocks
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intrusion from about 402 to 366 Ma
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mentary rocks of the Cambrian to De
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(Preto and Schiarizza, 1985; Schiar
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ate and clastic rocks and volcanicl
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(Nokleberg and others, 1994c, 1997c
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Berezovka River Metallogenic Belt o
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Finlayson Lake Metallogenic Belt of
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and barite in siliceous black turbi
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Windermere Creek (Western Gypsum) C
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(NX, DL, MY), Viliga (VL), and Zolo
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South of the main east-west-trendin
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ated subduction zone in the Wrangel
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icite-biotite-quartz bodies in frac
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Canada Cordillera. The granitoid ro
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Viliga (VL) passive continental-mar
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32; tables 3, 4) occurs along the n
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superterrane, consists mainly of ma
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ers, 1994c, 1997c). In southern Bri
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mental volcanic rocks of intermedia
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a resource of 34.3 million tonnes o
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potassic zone. Combined estimated p
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and quartz monzodiorite stock and s
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and Omolon (OM) cratonal terranes,
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in volcanic and volcaniclastic rock
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minor calcite, and sporadic pyrite
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supergene blanket are interpreted a
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deposits and occurrences consist of
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onto the Omulevka terrane to form t
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superterrane. This belt is interpre
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to form along the leading edge of t
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quartz, and is virtually not associ
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deposits are at Terrassnoe and Kuna
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Peschanka Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit Th
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The belt is hosted in the Late Jura
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in a island arc that was tectonical
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and Early Cretaceous Koyukuk island
Page 159 and 160: The deposit consists of disseminate
Page 161 and 162: The Orange Hill deposit contains an
Page 163 and 164: 49; tables 3, 4) (Foley and others,
Page 165 and 166: locally Late Triassic marine volcan
Page 167 and 168: gold in a gangue of quartz, calcite
Page 169 and 170: Verkhoyansk granite belt, which int
Page 171 and 172: metallogenic belts are interpreted
Page 173 and 174: assemblages, which may have been mo
Page 175 and 176: during hypogene and supergene alter
Page 177 and 178: collision and regional thrusting, t
Page 179 and 180: Yur Au Quartz Vein Deposit The smal
Page 181 and 182: phase has a Rb-Sr isotopic age of 1
Page 183 and 184: sian Northeast. The belt is hosted
Page 185 and 186: Host Granitoid Rocks and Associated
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Page 189 and 190: Metallogenic Belts Formed During La
Page 191 and 192: y partly coeval plutons that range
Page 193 and 194: tion is interpreted as occuring by
Page 195 and 196: the Badzhal-Ezop and Khingan parts
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Page 199 and 200: as interpreted for the Rock Creek d
Page 201 and 202: source (Yeo, 1992). The Blow River
Page 203 and 204: 2000). The spatial location of the
Page 205 and 206: to the east in the central Yukon Te
Page 207 and 208: occur in a 30-km-long belt along ir
Page 209: The Emerald deposit has produced ap
Page 213 and 214: cham oceans were closed, and the Ch
Page 215 and 216: greisenized Mesozoic granite that i
Page 217 and 218: composition magmatic bodies (with a
Page 219 and 220: Origin of and Tectonic Controls for
Page 221 and 222: to Albian pelecypods (Nokleberg and
Page 223 and 224: quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite, pol
Page 225 and 226: thermally altered to siliceous and
Page 227 and 228: These ore bodies are as much as 1 m
Page 229 and 230: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 231 and 232: Demin, and Krasilnikov, 1974; Nekra
Page 233 and 234: 10 percent Cu, as much as 0.92 perc
Page 235 and 236: pyrite, pyrite, galena, sphalerite,
Page 237 and 238: content decreases with depth, as do
Page 239 and 240: azdelnoye, (2) porphyry Sn deposits
Page 241 and 242: Karalveem Au Quartz Vein Deposit Th
Page 243 and 244: Democrat (Mitchell Lode) Granitoid-
Page 245 and 246: with high-temperature and high-pres
Page 247 and 248: chalcocite and covellite and also h
Page 249 and 250: cum-North Pacific, (2) completion o
Page 251 and 252: (6) In the Paleocene (about 56 to 6
Page 253 and 254: sists of cinnabar and metacinnabari
Page 255 and 256: Eastern Asia-Arctic Metallogenic Be
Page 257 and 258: groups of deposits are interpreted
Page 259 and 260: Indian Mountain and Purcell Mountai
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and southeastern Alaska (Moll and P
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Nokleberg and others, 1995a; Bundtz
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g/t Au or 368.2 Au gold. The deposi
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wim Group and altered mafic dikes.
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Mount Nansen porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
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A Map 450 500 550 Cross section Dik
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Cretaceous and early Tertiary conti
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deposits, at Chichagoff and Hirst-C
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others, 1994c, 1997c). The signific
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tonnes grading 0.53 percent Ni, 0.3
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with a 0.25 percent cut-off. The de
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Bulkley Metallogenic Belt of Porphy
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Red Rose W-Au-Cu-Ag Polymetallic Ve
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ish Columbia and consists of severa
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during back-arc extension or transt
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stocks and dikes, is associated wit
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etrograde minnesotaite (Fe talc), F
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Specific Events for Early to Middle
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of fractured and faulted Permian-Tr
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sists of a mineralized fracture zon
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dolomite. Wall rock alteration incl
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elt of late Tertiary plutons that a
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plates that exhibit magnetic anomal
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stages (Petrenko, 1999): (1) In the
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mon. The deposit is of medium size
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Metallogenic-Tectonic Model for Lat
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The origin of the Hg deposits of th
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margin or island-arc tectonic envir
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Columbia: Implicatons for the Middl
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Bazard, D.R., Butler, R.F., Gehrels
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Bradley, D.C., Haeussler, P.J., and
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Bundtzen, T.K., Laird, G.M., Caluti
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Cecile, M.P., 1982, The lower Paleo
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Debari, S.M., and Coleman, R.G., 19
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U.S. Bureau of Land Management Open
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Cordilleran Orogen in Canada: Geolo
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Goldfarb, R., Hart, C., Miller, M.,
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Grove, E.W., 1986, Geology and mine
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Høy, T., 1982a, Stratigraphic and
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Jones, D.L., Silberling, N.J., Cone
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Kutyev, F. Sh., Baikov, A.I., Sidor
Page 343 and 344:
Shield—Ultramafic magma and its m
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Manns, F.T., 1981, Stratigraphic as
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Miller, M.L., and Bundtzen, T.K., 1
Page 349 and 350:
Mortimer, N., 1987, The Nicola Grou
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Noble, S.R., Spooner, E.T.C., and H
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Canada Annual Meeting, Saskatoon, S
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Perello, J.A., Fleming, J.A., O’K
Page 357 and 358:
Far East—Mineralogical criteria f
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Roeske, S.M., Mattinson, J.M., and
Page 361 and 362:
Schmidt, J.M., and Zierenberg, R.A.
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formation occurrences: Materialy po
Page 365 and 366:
Struik, L.C., 1986, Imbricated terr
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Valuy, G., and Rostovsky, F., 1988,
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Wolfe, W.J., 1995, Exploration and
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Appendix Table 1. Mineral deposit m
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Table 2 Summary of correlations and
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Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
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Table 2—Continued Unit(s) and Cor
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Table 3—Continued Metallogenic Be
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Table 4. Significant lode deposits,
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 369 De
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Table 4—Continued Tracy Metalloge
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 373 In
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Table 4—Continued Deposit Name Mi
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Table 4—Continued Mainits Metallo
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Table 4—Continued Whitehorse Meta
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Table 4—Continued Appendix 389 LA
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Table 4—Continued Surprise Lake M
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Table 4—Continued Sredinny Metall
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