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Wonderland - Jags

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Deeper Mysteries - Mental Health<br />

222<br />

testing involves painful stimuli as the patient may be aware—but non<br />

responsive to other stimuli) the coma is allowed to persist for up to two<br />

hours. The patient has a tube inserted in his nose which is run down to<br />

his stomach and is used to administer glucose when the coma has lasted<br />

“long enough.”<br />

The improvements have been declared temporary—but several new<br />

chemical cocktails have enhanced the procedure.<br />

Psychosurgery: the Transorbital Lobotomy<br />

The effect of severing the neural tissue that connects both lobes of<br />

the brain had been observed in animals (to the extent that it could be<br />

understood) and, in 1935, Egas Moniz tried it in humans. The successes<br />

were questionable but the subjects were made a good deal more docile<br />

and easy to deal with.<br />

Later the procedure was “perfected” by Dr. Walter Freeman who<br />

create the Transorbital Lobotomy which involved entering the brain<br />

through the tear duct of the eye and then scraping in the brain to try to<br />

sever the tissue. He was such a believer that he performed all over the<br />

country, driving around in a van which he named his “lobotomobile.”<br />

He performed in hotel rooms, in hospital lobbies, and before groups<br />

of psychiatric officials (once working on several women in a row,<br />

conveyor-belt style, using electrodes to shock them into a faint and then<br />

entering the eye. One head of psychiatry fainted upon witnessing this).<br />

He performed it on children as young as 13 (for delinquency) and on<br />

women who had lost their zeal for domestic chores.<br />

Finally (and thankfully) discredited, he retired in disgrace. However,<br />

with several advances in neuro-science, psycho-surgery has begun to<br />

make something of a comeback with neurological “pacemakers” that can<br />

stimulate certain areas of the brain and certain direct-chemical treatments<br />

that can have a profound effect on the subject.

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