Programming PHP

More documents

Recommendations

Info

This will put a php binary in your /usr/local/bin directory. The configure line above adds MySQL, PostgreSQL, and zlib support. While you don’t need them to develop your extension, they won’t get in the way, and it is a good idea to have a php binary that can run complex web applications directly from the command line. Just to make sure it worked, test it: % /usr/local/bin/php -v 4.2.0-dev Planning Your Extension As much as you probably just want to dive in and start coding, a little bit of planning ahead of time can save you a lot of time and headaches later. The best way to plan your extension is to write a sample PHP script that shows exactly how you plan to use it. This will determine the functions you need to implement and their arguments and return values. For example, take a fictitious rot13 * extension that might be used as follows: From this we see that we need to implement a single function, which takes a string as an argument and returns a string. Don’t let the simplicity of the example fool you— the approach we’ll take holds for extensions of any complexity. Creating a Skeleton Extension Once you have planned your extension, you can build a skeleton with the ext_skel tool. This program takes a .def file, which describes the functions your extension will provide. For our example, rot13.def looks like this: string rot13(string arg) Returns the rot13 version of arg This defines a function that returns a string and takes a string argument. Anything after the close parenthesis is a one-line description of the function. The other types valid in a .def file are: void For functions that return nothing or take no arguments bool Boolean * rot13 is a simple encryption algorithm that rotates the English alphabet by half its length. “a” becomes “n” and “z” becomes “m,” for example. 320 | Chapter 14: Extending PHP This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
int Integer/long long Same as int array An array float Floating point double Same as float object An object resource A PHP resource mixed Any of the above Let’s look at the basic structure of a PHP extension. Create one for yourself and follow along: % cd php4/ext % ./ext_skel --extname=rot13 --proto=rot13.def % cd rot13 Running ext_skel like this creates the following files: config.m4 The configuration rules CREDITS Put your extension name and your name here EXPERIMENTAL Indicates the extension is still experimental rot13.c The actual C code for the extension rot13.php The test script Makefile.in The makefile template for autoconf/automake php_rot13.h The C header file for the extension tests/ The directory for regression tests This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Building Your First Extensions | 321
Page 2 and 3:
Programming PHP
Page 4 and 5:
Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
Page 6 and 7:
Colophon Our look is the result of
Page 8 and 9:
Accessing Individual Characters 79
Page 10 and 11:
Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
Page 12 and 13:
clarify the explanations, and the p
Page 14 and 15:
There is a web page for this book,
Page 17 and 18:
Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
Page 19 and 20:
Comments Comments give information
Page 21 and 22:
*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
Page 23 and 24:
change. Constants are referred to b
Page 25 and 26:
PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
Page 27 and 28:
• The empty string ("") and the s
Page 29 and 30:
Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
Page 31 and 32:
The old value of $black is lost. In
Page 33 and 34:
update_counter( ); update_counter(
Page 35 and 36:
Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
Page 37 and 38:
The division and multiplication ope
Page 39 and 40:
Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
Page 41 and 42:
Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
Page 43 and 44:
something is true. For example, you
Page 45 and 46:
Because all operators are required
Page 47 and 48:
if The if statement checks the trut
Page 49 and 50:
A switch statement is given an expr
Page 51 and 52:
if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
Page 53 and 54:
This program adds the numbers from
Page 55 and 56:
loops, and complain if the file bei
Page 57 and 58:
XML Style Because of the advent of
Page 59 and 60:
and other such niceties. Some will
Page 61 and 62:
Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
Page 63 and 64:
Typically, functions return some va
Page 65 and 66:
As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
Page 67 and 68:
Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
Page 69 and 70:
Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
Page 71 and 72:
Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
Page 73 and 74:
echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
Page 75 and 76:
As a special case, you can put a se
Page 77 and 78:
• A padding specifier denoting th
Page 79 and 80:
Boolean values and NULL are not mea
Page 81 and 82:
Changing Case PHP has several funct
Page 83 and 84:
The quote_style and charset argumen
Page 85 and 86:
Query-string encoding The urlencode
Page 87 and 88:
The comparison operators (=) also w
Page 89 and 90:
The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
Page 91 and 92:
The str_repeat( ) function takes a
Page 93 and 94:
print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
Page 95 and 96:
The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
Page 97 and 98:
These three kinds of patterns can b
Page 99 and 100:
Subpatterns You can use parentheses
Page 101 and 102:
Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
Page 103 and 104:
Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
Page 105 and 106:
Character Classes Perl-style regula
Page 107 and 108:
Trailing Options Perl-style regular
Page 109 and 110:
A simple use of positive lookahead
Page 111 and 112:
For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
Page 113 and 114:
Pass an array of strings as subject
Page 115 and 116:
Quoting for regular expressions The
Page 117 and 118:
Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
Page 119 and 120:
array is almost always a programmer
Page 121 and 122:
Two or more consecutive commas in t
Page 123 and 124:
echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
Page 125 and 126:
EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
Page 127 and 128:
echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
Page 129 and 130:
The default argument, if provided,
Page 131 and 132:
you need to answer questions like
Page 133 and 134:
Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
Page 135 and 136:
Here’s how to randomize the order
Page 137 and 138:
Sets Arrays let you implement the b
Page 139 and 140:
Here’s the output from Example 5-
Page 141 and 142:
Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
Page 143 and 144:
You can use variable variables with
Page 145 and 146:
} function set_name ($new_name) { $
Page 147 and 148:
The object created bythe Person con
Page 149 and 150:
Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
Page 151 and 152:
Example 6-2. Object introspection f
Page 153 and 154:
Here are some sample classes and ob
Page 155 and 156:
PHP has two hooks for objects durin
Page 157 and 158:
Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
Page 159 and 160:
the request contains a blank line,
Page 161 and 162:
SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
Page 163 and 164:
The biggest difference between GET
Page 165 and 166:
Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
Page 167 and 168:
Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
Page 169 and 170:
Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
Page 171 and 172:
Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
Page 173 and 174:
Files are stored in the server’s
Page 175 and 176:
“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
Page 177 and 178:
To mark a document as already expir
Page 179 and 180:
A third technique for maintaining s
Page 181 and 182:
Example 7-10. Preference selection
Page 183 and 184:
Session basics To enable sessions f
Page 185 and 186:
Custom storage By default, PHP stor
Page 187 and 188:
When a session is completed, the de
Page 189 and 190:
Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
Page 191 and 192:
columns, each of which has a name a
Page 193 and 194:
Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
Page 195 and 196:
$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
Page 197 and 198:
string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
Page 199 and 200:
The executeMultiple( ) method takes
Page 201 and 202:
echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
Page 203 and 204:
Two HTML forms are needed to popula
Page 205 and 206:
Example 8-3. Database connection ab
Page 207 and 208:
Example 8-4. Backend administration
Page 209 and 210:
Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
Page 211 and 212:
Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
Page 213 and 214:
The business listings page is illus
Page 215 and 216:
The series of requests sent by the
Page 217 and 218:
many colors as you need. The latter
Page 219 and 220:
image-generating function. Example
Page 221 and 222:
Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
Page 223 and 224:
Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
Page 225 and 226:
Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
Page 227 and 228:
You can also take this a step furth
Page 229 and 230:
For a signed integer, the leftmost
Page 231 and 232:
True Color Color Indexes The color
Page 233 and 234:
Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
Page 235 and 236:
Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
Page 237 and 238:
Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
Page 239 and 240:
Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
Page 241 and 242:
Example 10-4. Text alignment within
Page 243 and 244:
Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
Page 245 and 246:
usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
Page 247 and 248:
Adding an image to a PDF document i
Page 249 and 250:
Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
Page 251 and 252:
Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
Page 253 and 254:
The width and height parameters spe
Page 255 and 256:
Example 10-11. Using a template Th
Page 257 and 258:
Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
Page 259 and 260:
Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
Page 261 and 262:
Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
Page 263 and 264:
In HTML, you often have an open tag
Page 265 and 266:
Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
Page 267 and 268:
The end element handler is called w
Page 269 and 270: If your external entity reference h
Page 271 and 272: characters outside the target encod
Page 273 and 274: XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
Page 275 and 276: Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
Page 277 and 278: Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
Page 279 and 280: Example 11-12. News XSL transform
Page 281 and 282: more information). The xmlrpc exten
Page 283 and 284: equest, but it doesn’t know how t
Page 285 and 286: Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
Page 287 and 288: These directives ensure that PHP er
Page 289 and 290: Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
Page 291 and 292: function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
Page 293 and 294: • Any system call (through functi
Page 295 and 296: You can globally disable particular
Page 297 and 298: Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
Page 299 and 300: user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
Page 301 and 302: {ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
Page 303 and 304: } ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
Page 305 and 306: To turn off error reporting entirel
Page 307 and 308: Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
Page 309 and 310: Before you begin optimization, ask
Page 311 and 312: changes you make to your code as yo
Page 313 and 314: • Only include or require files t
Page 315 and 316: MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
Page 317 and 318: Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
Page 319: examples, and you are strongly enco
Page 323 and 324: zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
Page 325 and 326: for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
Page 327 and 328: if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
Page 329 and 330: SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
Page 331 and 332: If you compile the Apache module ve
Page 333 and 334: For example: zval **old, *new; *new
Page 335 and 336: The value returned from a PHP funct
Page 337 and 338: A More Complex Example Here’s an
Page 339 and 340: Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
Page 341 and 342: * ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
Page 343 and 344: using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
Page 345 and 346: The struct looks like this in the p
Page 347 and 348: zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
Page 349 and 350: Resources A resource is a generic d
Page 351 and 352: Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
Page 353 and 354: 3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
Page 355 and 356: Then explicitly load the module wit
Page 357 and 358: un under IIS, you will need to reim
Page 359 and 360: External Commands PHP uses the defa
Page 361 and 362: This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
Page 363 and 364: Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
Page 365 and 366: Now we can complete the invoice wit
Page 367 and 368: multiple Workbooks, each of which c
Page 369 and 370: Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
Page 371 and 372:
• Applications that want to use t
Page 373:
Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
Page 376 and 377:
Files, directories, and filesystem
Page 378 and 379:
addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
Page 380 and 381:
array_merge array array_merge(array
Page 382 and 383:
array_search mixed array_search(mix
Page 384 and 385:
asort void asort(array array[, int
Page 386 and 387:
call_user_func mixed call_user_func
Page 388 and 389:
chown bool chown(string path, mixed
Page 390 and 391:
cos double cos(double value) Return
Page 392 and 393:
Any characters in the format string
Page 394 and 395:
each array each(array array) Create
Page 396 and 397:
Any number of these options can be
Page 398 and 399:
fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
Page 400 and 401:
filemtime int filemtime(string path
Page 402 and 403:
If include is specified and is true
Page 404 and 405:
ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
Page 406 and 407:
get_current_user string get_current
Page 408 and 409:
get_parent_class string get_parent_
Page 410 and 411:
getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
Page 412 and 413:
header void header(string header[,
Page 414 and 415:
implode string implode(array string
Page 416 and 417:
is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
Page 418 and 419:
is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
Page 420 and 421:
Calculates the Levenshtein distance
Page 422 and 423:
log double log(double number) Retur
Page 424 and 425:
mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
Page 426 and 427:
number_format string number_format(
Page 428 and 429:
openlog int openlog(string identity
Page 430 and 431:
parse_url array parse_url(string ur
Page 432 and 433:
phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
Page 434 and 435:
printf int printf(string format[, m
Page 436 and 437:
eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
Page 438 and 439:
ound double round(double number[, i
Page 440 and 441:
setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
Page 442 and 443:
sort void sort(array array[, int fl
Page 444 and 445:
str_pad string str_pad(string strin
Page 446 and 447:
%H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
Page 448 and 449:
strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
Page 450 and 451:
strtr string strtr(string string, s
Page 452 and 453:
tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
Page 454 and 455:
unregister_tick_function void unreg
Page 456 and 457:
wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
Page 458 and 459:
old versions of aspell, you should
Page 460 and 461:
DBM For very simple database instal
Page 462 and 463:
Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
Page 464 and 465:
mcrypt This extension provides an i
Page 466 and 467:
pdflib pdflib provides support for
Page 468 and 469:
Sybase This extension provides supp
Page 471 and 472:
Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
Page 473 and 474:
| (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
Page 475 and 476:
aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
Page 477 and 478:
checksums mhash library, 464 valida
Page 479 and 480:
cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
Page 481 and 482:
DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
Page 483 and 484:
System V Semaphores and Shared memo
Page 485 and 486:
calling, 61 for each array element,
Page 487 and 488:
H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
Page 489 and 490:
interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
Page 491 and 492:
masks, using in string searches, 94
Page 493 and 494:
serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
Page 495 and 496:
pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
Page 497 and 498:
with echo, 76 with print() function
Page 499 and 500:
S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
Page 501 and 502:
sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
Page 503 and 504:
tan() function, 451 target encoding
Page 505 and 506:
function parameters, 33 functions f
Page 507:
xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
show all

Programming PHP

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?