Programming PHP

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uncompressing and extracting PHP and Apache distributions, 8 underlining text in PDF files, 241 Unicode character encodings supported by XML parser, 270 FriBiDi extension, reordering strings for encoded character set, 461 union of two sets, 137 uniqid() function, 453 Unix installing PHP, 7–9 locale system in POSIX-style regular expressions, 99 protocol for databases, 194 shell scripting languages, comments in, 19 writing portable PHP code for, 355–359 determining the platform, 355 end-of-file handling, 358 end-of-line handling, 358 environment information, 356 extensions, 359 paths, handling, 356 remote files, 357 sending mail, 356 server-specific functions, 356 shell commands, 359 unlink() function, 62, 453 unpack() function, 453 unpacking Apache and PHP source distributions, 8 unparsed XML entities, 268 unregister_tick_function() function, 454 unserialize() function, 454 unset() function, 34, 454 uploaded files information about, 160 moving, 424 uploading files, 172 security and, 289 distrusting browser-supplied filenames, 289 URL rewriting, storing state information, 178 urldecode() function, 85 urlencode() function, 85, 224, 454 URLs decomposing (parse_url() function), 95 encoding/decoding, 435 504 | Index encoding/decoding strings as, 84 button strings, 224 extracting from HTML page, 111 functions for, 377 GET and POST requests, 162 https://, 188 opening remotely with PHP functions, security risks of, 288 parse_url() function, 430 session IDS, passing via, 184 US-ASCII (see ASCII) User-Agent headers, 158 user-defined functions, 61 sorting arrays with, 452, 455 user-defined order, sorting arrays in, 130, 131–133 user_error() function, 454 usernames authenticating, 177 current, for PHP script executing, 406 security problems with, 287 usleep() function, 455 usort() function, 130, 455 anonymous function, using with, 71 UTF-8 character encoding, 270 printing high-bit ASCII characters, 222 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. V validating credit-card numbers, with Luhn checksum, 101 forms, 173–175 var_dump() function, 455 displaying PHP values in human-readable form, 79 variable argument list, processing, 337 variable functions, 70 variables, 30–33 assigning values to, 44 case-sensitivity in names, 17 checking values with isset() function, 34, 418 configuration, getting, 405 converting HTML field names to, 163 converting to/from arrays, 124 creating for extensions, 345–347 defined, getting, 406 EGPCS (environment, GET, POST, cookie and server), 159, 287 expanding in double-quoted strings, 25
function parameters, 33 functions for, 377 global form data and, security issues, 285–287 internal PHP, accessing from extension functions, 343–345 SAPI (Server Abstraction API), 343 interpolating into strings, 72 mapping names to value positions in memory, 33 names, $ (dollar sign) in, 22 NULL value, 29 number of function parameters, 68 object references, 142 outputting information about, 455 passing by reference, 66 passing by value, 66 $PHP_SELF, 160 property names, using with, 143 references to variables stored in another variable, 30 removing values with unset() function, 34 requests, importing into global scope, 414 scope of, 31, 64–66 session, registering, 182, 183 setting values of, 30 static, 32, 65 syslog, defining, 393 this, 144 variable, using with objects, 142 (see also properties) variables_order directive in php.ini, 287 VARIANT type, 360 VBScript, converting to PHP COM function calls, 361 Verisign Payflow Pro extension, 466 version of PHP parser, 432 of XML in processing instruction, 263 version_compare() function, 455 vpopmail extension, 468 vprintf() function, 455 vsprintf() function, 455 W _ _wakeup() method, 155 warnings, 303 public visibility of, disabling for security purposes, 286 WBMP image format, 216 output function for, 218 WDDX extension, 185, 468 web applications Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), 188 security, 285–296 techniques, 158–188 HTTP basics, 158 HTTP response headers, setting, 175–178 maintaining state, 178–188 processing forms, 162–175 server information, 160–162 variables, EGPCS, 159 (see also applications) web pages embedding PHP in, 56–60 ASP tags, using, 58 echoing content directly, 59 script style, 59 SGML tags, using, 58 XML-compliant tags, using, 57–58 PDF files in, 233 web servers Apache (see Apache web servers) configuring PHP with, 352–354 manually configuring Apache, 354 manually configuring PWS, 353 prepackaged distributions, 354 using PHP installer, 353 supporting PHP, 1 (see also servers) web services, 280–284 clients, XML-RPC (example), 283 servers, XML-RPC (example), 281 well-formed XML, 263 while loops, 50–52 continue statements in, 51 whitespace in heredocs, 75 in PHP code, 18 in URLs, 224 removing from strings, 80 trimming from strings, 452 Windows systems, PHP on, 351–373 configuring PHP with web server, 352–354 manually configuring Apache, 354 manually configuring PWS, 353 prepackaged distributions, 354 using PHP installer, 353 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Index | 505
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Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
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change. Constants are referred to b
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PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
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• The empty string ("") and the s
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Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
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The old value of $black is lost. In
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update_counter( ); update_counter(
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Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
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The division and multiplication ope
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Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
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Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
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something is true. For example, you
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Because all operators are required
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if The if statement checks the trut
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A switch statement is given an expr
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if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
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This program adds the numbers from
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loops, and complain if the file bei
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XML Style Because of the advent of
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and other such niceties. Some will
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Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
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Typically, functions return some va
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As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
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Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
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Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
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Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
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echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
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As a special case, you can put a se
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• A padding specifier denoting th
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Boolean values and NULL are not mea
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Changing Case PHP has several funct
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The quote_style and charset argumen
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Query-string encoding The urlencode
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The comparison operators (=) also w
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The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
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The str_repeat( ) function takes a
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print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
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The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
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These three kinds of patterns can b
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Subpatterns You can use parentheses
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Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
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Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
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Character Classes Perl-style regula
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Trailing Options Perl-style regular
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A simple use of positive lookahead
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For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
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Pass an array of strings as subject
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Quoting for regular expressions The
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Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
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array is almost always a programmer
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Two or more consecutive commas in t
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echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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You can globally disable particular
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
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user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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{ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
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} ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
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To turn off error reporting entirel
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Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
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Before you begin optimization, ask
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changes you make to your code as yo
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• Only include or require files t
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MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
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Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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examples, and you are strongly enco
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int Integer/long long Same as int a
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zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
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for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
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if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
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SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
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If you compile the Apache module ve
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For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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The value returned from a PHP funct
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A More Complex Example Here’s an
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Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
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* ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
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using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
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The struct looks like this in the p
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zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
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Resources A resource is a generic d
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Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
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Then explicitly load the module wit
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un under IIS, you will need to reim
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External Commands PHP uses the defa
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This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
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Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Now we can complete the invoice wit
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multiple Workbooks, each of which c
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Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
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• Applications that want to use t
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Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
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Files, directories, and filesystem
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addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
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array_merge array array_merge(array
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array_search mixed array_search(mix
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asort void asort(array array[, int
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call_user_func mixed call_user_func
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chown bool chown(string path, mixed
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cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any characters in the format string
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each array each(array array) Create
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
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mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
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number_format string number_format(
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openlog int openlog(string identity
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parse_url array parse_url(string ur
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phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
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printf int printf(string format[, m
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eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
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ound double round(double number[, i
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setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
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sort void sort(array array[, int fl
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str_pad string str_pad(string strin
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%H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
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strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
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strtr string strtr(string string, s
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tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
Page 454 and 455: unregister_tick_function void unreg
Page 456 and 457: wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
Page 458 and 459: old versions of aspell, you should
Page 460 and 461: DBM For very simple database instal
Page 462 and 463: Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
Page 464 and 465: mcrypt This extension provides an i
Page 466 and 467: pdflib pdflib provides support for
Page 468 and 469: Sybase This extension provides supp
Page 471 and 472: Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
Page 473 and 474: | (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
Page 475 and 476: aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
Page 477 and 478: checksums mhash library, 464 valida
Page 479 and 480: cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
Page 481 and 482: DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
Page 483 and 484: System V Semaphores and Shared memo
Page 485 and 486: calling, 61 for each array element,
Page 487 and 488: H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
Page 489 and 490: interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
Page 491 and 492: masks, using in string searches, 94
Page 493 and 494: serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
Page 495 and 496: pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
Page 497 and 498: with echo, 76 with print() function
Page 499 and 500: S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
Page 501 and 502: sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt()
Page 503: tan() function, 451 target encoding
Page 507: xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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