Programming PHP

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sessions (continued) destroy handler for, 187 errors, logging to file, 187 garbage-collection handler for, 187 open handler for, 185 read and write handlers for, 186 registering variables for, 183 session IDs expiration of cookies, 184 storing in cookies, 182 storing in form fields or URLs, 184 session information storage, customizing, 185 setting page-color preferences with, 183 using preferences from, 184 session_set_save_handler() function, 185, 187 session_start() function, 183, 187 session_unregister() function, 183 setcookie() function, 175, 179, 439 set_error_handler() function, 305, 438 set_file_buffer() function, 439 setlocale() function, 440 sets, implementing with arrays, 137 set_time_limit() function, 439 settype() function, 440 SGML, embedding PHP with SGML tags, 58 shell commands, 430, 451 opening pipe to process executed on, 432 security and, 295 Unix and Windows, 359 shell-based PHP programs, 15–16 shell_exec() function, 440 shell-style comments, 19 shmop extension, 467 Shockwave Flash movies Ming library, 464 SWF extension for creating, 467 short tags, 58 shortcuts in database queries, 199 shuffle() function, 134, 440 shutdown function, registering, 436 shutdown or close function (extensions), triggering resource cleanup, 29 side effects of a function, 62, 67 sign specifier (printf() format modifier), 77 similar_text() function, 88, 440 sin() function, 62, 441 size of files, 224 of images, scaling, 227 sizeof() function, 119, 441 500 | Index _ _sleep() method, 155 sleep() function, 441 slicing arrays, 121 SMTP servers, 356 SNMP extension, 467 SOAP protocol, 280 socket_get_status() function, 441 sockets extension for, 467 SSL, 188 socket_set_blocking() function, 441 socket_set_timeout() function, 441 software tools for writing PHP extensions, 319 sort() function, 130, 442 sorting arrays, 28, 130–135 with anonymous functions, 71 multiple arrays at once, 133 in natural order, 133, 425 PHP functions for, 130 in random order, 134, 440 in reverse order, 134, 419, 438 with user-defined functions, 452 in user-defined order, 131–133 strings, 133, 448 soundex() function, 88, 442 source code (PHP), downloading CVS version, 318 special characters in regular expressions, 96 security risks in shell commands, 295 spelling aspell library, 457 pspell library, 466 split() function, 103, 442 spliti() function, 442 splitting arrays into chunks, 121 regular expression pattern matches, 114 strings into arrays of smaller chunks, 95 strings into smaller chunks, 103 sprintf() function, 442 SQL (Structured Query Language) escaping string literals in queries, 85 Microsoft SQL Server extension, 464 mSQL extension, 464 Ovrimos SQL extension, 465 placeholders in queries, 198 portability of queries, 190 relational databases and, 190 statements performing queries, 195 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
sql_regcase() function, 443 sqrt() function, 443 Squid proxy cache, 313 SquidGuard, adding redirection logic, 314 srand() function, 443 sscanf() function, 92, 443 SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), 188 stacks, implementing with arrays, 138 standalone extensions, 325 start and end element handlers, 266 start value of strings, 90 starting point, graphics in PDF files, 249 stat() function, 443 state debugger program for printing stack trace, 138 maintaining between requests, 178–188 combining cookies and sessions, 187 cookies, 179–182 session tracking, 178 sessions, 182–187 statements flow-control, 46–54 declare, 54 exit and return, 54 for, 52 foreach, 53 if, 47 switch, 48–50 while, 50–52 return, 63 semicolons (;) in, 18 static methods, 143 declaring, 144 static variables, 32, 65 status codes, HTTP response, 159 stdClass (reserved class name), 143 STD_PHP_INI_ENTRY() macro, 347 sticky forms, 167 sticky multi-valued parameters, HTML forms, 170 storing data in arrays, 117–120 adding values to end of array, 118 assigning range of values, 119 getting array size, 119 padding, 119 strcasecmp() function, 87, 444 strchr() function, 94, 444 strcmp() function, 40, 87, 445 strcoll() function, 445 strcspn() function, 95, 445 streaming PDF documents, 236 strftime() function, 445 striking out text in PDF files, 241 (string) casting operator, 43 string literals, 25 strings, 25, 39, 72–115, 418 accessing individual characters, 79 breaking into chunks (example), 163 changing case of, 81 characters, converting into HTML entity equivalents, 81 comparing, 39, 86–89 for approximate equality, 88 for equality, 26, 86 concatenating, 37 . operator, 38 strcat() function, 63 containing numbers, sorting in correct order, 133 converting between encodings, iconv extension, 462 to numbers, 37 to/from URL encoding, 84, 224 C-string encoding, 85 extension functions returning, 338 functions for manipulating and searching, 89–95, 377 exploding and imploding, 91 padding strings, 91 repeating strings, 91 reversing strings, 90 search functions, 93–95 splitting on regular expression pattern boundary, 442 substrings, 89 tokenizing strings, 92 HTML, converting special characters to entities, 81 HTML meta tags, extracting from, 84 HTML tags, removing from, 83 as keys to associative arrays, 116 length of, strlen() function (example), 61 null-terminated, in extensions, 331 printing, 75–79 with echo, 76 with print() function, 76 with printf() function, 76 with print_r() function, 78 with var_dump() function, 79 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2002 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Index | 501
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Programming PHP
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Programming PHP by Rasmus Lerdorf a
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Colophon Our look is the result of
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Accessing Individual Characters 79
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Concealing PHP Libraries 293 PHP Co
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clarify the explanations, and the p
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There is a web page for this book,
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Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 Language Basics
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Comments Comments give information
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*/ echo("l=$l m=$m n=$n\n"); ?> Now
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change. Constants are referred to b
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PHP recognizes floating-point numbe
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• The empty string ("") and the s
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Chapter 6 describes classes and obj
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The old value of $black is lost. In
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update_counter( ); update_counter(
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Table 2-3. PHP operators P A Operat
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The division and multiplication ope
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Autoincrement and Autodecrement Ope
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Bitwise Operators The bitwise opera
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something is true. For example, you
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Because all operators are required
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if The if statement checks the trut
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A switch statement is given an expr
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if ($i == 5) break; // breaks out o
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This program adds the numbers from
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loops, and complain if the file bei
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XML Style Because of the advent of
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and other such niceties. Some will
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Chapter 3 CHAPTER 3 Functions A fun
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Typically, functions return some va
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As we discussed in Chapter 2, the e
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Example 3-5. Doubler redux function
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Missing Parameters PHP lets you be
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Anonymous Functions Some PHP functi
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echo "$who was $where"; Kilroy was
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As a special case, you can put a se
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• A padding specifier denoting th
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Boolean values and NULL are not mea
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Changing Case PHP has several funct
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The quote_style and charset argumen
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Query-string encoding The urlencode
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The comparison operators (=) also w
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The Levenshtein algorithm calculate
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The str_repeat( ) function takes a
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print_r($a);Array ( [0] => Fred [1]
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The c in strcspn( ) stands for comp
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These three kinds of patterns can b
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Subpatterns You can use parentheses
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Table 4-8. POSIX anchors Anchor Mat
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Example 4-1. Credit-card validator
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Character Classes Perl-style regula
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Trailing Options Perl-style regular
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A simple use of positive lookahead
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For example: preg_match('/y.*e$/',
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Pass an array of strings as subject
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Quoting for regular expressions The
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Identifying Elements of an Array Yo
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array is almost always a programmer
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Two or more consecutive commas in t
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echo "true!\n"; } if (array_key_exi
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EXTR_PREFIX_SAME, which says that t
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echo "$key is $value\n"; } 0 is spa
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The default argument, if provided,
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you need to answer questions like
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Example 5-3. Sorting arrays (contin
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Here’s how to randomize the order
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Sets Arrays let you implement the b
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Here’s the output from Example 5-
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Terminology Everyobject-oriented la
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You can use variable variables with
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} function set_name ($new_name) { $
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The object created bythe Person con
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Example 6-1. Displaying all declare
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Example 6-2. Object introspection f
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Here are some sample classes and ob
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PHP has two hooks for objects durin
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Example 6-5 shows the file next.php
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the request contains a blank line,
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SERVER_NAME The hostname, DNS alias
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The biggest difference between GET
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Figure 7-1. The chunkify form and i
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Example 7-4. Temperature conversion
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Example 7-6. Multiple selection val
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Example 7-8. Sticky multivalued che
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Files are stored in the server’s
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“me@aol” by requiring an at sig
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To mark a document as already expir
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A third technique for maintaining s
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Example 7-10. Preference selection
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Session basics To enable sessions f
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Custom storage By default, PHP stor
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When a session is completed, the de
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Chapter 8 CHAPTER 8 Databases PHP h
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columns, each of which has a name a
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Figure 8-1. The movie page the data
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$db = DB::connect($datasource); if
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string(4) "1962" ["name"]=> string(
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The executeMultiple( ) method takes
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echo "$k"; if (is_array($v)) { a_to
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Two HTML forms are needed to popula
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Example 8-3. Database connection ab
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Example 8-4. Backend administration
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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Example 8-5. Adding a business (con
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The business listings page is illus
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The series of requests sent by the
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many colors as you need. The latter
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image-generating function. Example
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Example 9-4. Adding text to an imag
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Example 9-6. Displaying vertical Tr
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Example 9-8. Caching dynamic button
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You can also take this a step furth
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For a signed integer, the leftmost
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True Color Color Indexes The color
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Chapter 10 CHAPTER 10 PDF Adobe’s
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Figure 10-1. Hello world in a PDF d
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Type, Content-Disposition, and Cont
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Example 10-3. Changing the origin (
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Example 10-4. Text alignment within
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Example 10-5. Changing text attribu
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usr/share/fonts FontAFM LuciduxSans
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Adding an image to a PDF document i
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Example 10-8. Nonproportional scali
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Figure 10-9. A sample path The pdf_
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The width and height parameters spe
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Example 10-11. Using a template Th
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Example 10-12. Using bookmarks and
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Example 10-13. Specifying a link (c
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Figure 10-16. Closed note The conte
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In HTML, you often have an open tag
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Example 11-1. Generating an XML doc
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The end element handler is called w
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If your external entity reference h
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characters outside the target encod
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XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF XML_ERROR_BI
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Figure 11-2. Book details comment).
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Example 11-10. bookparse.xml (conti
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Example 11-12. News XSL transform
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more information). The xmlrpc exten
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equest, but it doesn’t know how t
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Chapter 12 CHAPTER 12 Security PHP
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These directives ensure that PHP er
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Restrict Filesystem Access to a Spe
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function or PHP’s copy( ) functio
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• Any system call (through functi
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You can globally disable particular
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Chapter 13 CHAPTER 13 Application T
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user.template. It uses the {DESTINA
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{ARTICLE} might be useful, as it wo
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} ob_start('rewrite'); ?> Visit our
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To turn off error reporting entirel
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Example 13-5. Log-rolling error han
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Before you begin optimization, ask
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changes you make to your code as yo
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• Only include or require files t
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MySQL replication Sometimes the dat
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Chapter 14 CHAPTER 14 Extending PHP
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examples, and you are strongly enco
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int Integer/long long Same as int a
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zend_module_entry rot13_module_entr
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for(i=0, ch=arg; i= 'A')&&(*ch
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if (extension_loaded($module)) { $s
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SWF_DIR=$i AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $
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If you compile the Apache module ve
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For example: zval **old, *new; *new
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The value returned from a PHP funct
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A More Complex Example Here’s an
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Table 14-4. RETURN-related convenie
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* ... */ }; PHP_MINIT_FUNCTION(foo)
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using SEPARATE_ZVAL( ), initializes
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The struct looks like this in the p
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zend_hash_update(&EG(symbol_table),
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Resources A resource is a generic d
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Chapter 15 CHAPTER 15 PHP on Window
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3. Windows 95/98/Me: the Windows sy
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Then explicitly load the module wit
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un under IIS, you will need to reim
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External Commands PHP uses the defa
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This creates a reference (VT_BYREF)
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Figure 15-3. Gleaning syntax from W
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Now we can complete the invoice wit
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multiple Workbooks, each of which c
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Example 15-4. Querying Excel via OD
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• Applications that want to use t
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Example 15-5. Add new phone number,
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Files, directories, and filesystem
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addcslashes string addcslashes(stri
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array_merge array array_merge(array
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array_search mixed array_search(mix
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asort void asort(array array[, int
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call_user_func mixed call_user_func
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chown bool chown(string path, mixed
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cos double cos(double value) Return
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Any characters in the format string
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each array each(array array) Create
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Any number of these options can be
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fflush int fflush(int handle) Commi
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filemtime int filemtime(string path
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If include is specified and is true
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ftell int ftell(int handle) Returns
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get_current_user string get_current
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get_parent_class string get_parent_
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getmypid int getmypid( ) Returns th
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header void header(string header[,
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implode string implode(array string
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is_double bool is_double(mixed valu
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is_scalar bool is_scalar(mixed valu
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Calculates the Levenshtein distance
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log double log(double number) Retur
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mkdir int mkdir(string path, int mo
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number_format string number_format(
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openlog int openlog(string identity
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parse_url array parse_url(string ur
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phpinfo void phpinfo([int what]) Ou
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printf int printf(string format[, m
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eaddir string readdir(int handle) R
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ound double round(double number[, i
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setlocale string setlocale(mixed ca
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sort void sort(array array[, int fl
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str_pad string str_pad(string strin
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%H Hour in 24-hour format, includin
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strncmp int strncmp(string one, str
Page 450 and 451: strtr string strtr(string string, s
Page 452 and 453: tmpfile int tmpfile( ) Creates a te
Page 454 and 455: unregister_tick_function void unreg
Page 456 and 457: wordwrap string wordwrap(string str
Page 458 and 459: old versions of aspell, you should
Page 460 and 461: DBM For very simple database instal
Page 462 and 463: Hyperwave Hyperwave is a database f
Page 464 and 465: mcrypt This extension provides an i
Page 466 and 467: pdflib pdflib provides support for
Page 468 and 469: Sybase This extension provides supp
Page 471 and 472: Symbols & (ampersand) &= (bitwise A
Page 473 and 474: | (vertical bar) |= (bitwise OR ass
Page 475 and 476: aspell PHP library, 457 assert() fu
Page 477 and 478: checksums mhash library, 464 valida
Page 479 and 480: cryptography mcrypt extension, 464
Page 481 and 482: DTD (Document Type Definition), 263
Page 483 and 484: System V Semaphores and Shared memo
Page 485 and 486: calling, 61 for each array element,
Page 487 and 488: H hash mark (#) in comments, 19 hea
Page 489 and 490: interlacing GIF images, 246 interna
Page 491 and 492: masks, using in string searches, 94
Page 493 and 494: serialization of, 153-157, 438 _ _s
Page 495 and 496: pdf_open_file() function, 234 pdf_p
Page 497 and 498: with echo, 76 with print() function
Page 499: S Sablotron C library (XSLT support
Page 503 and 504: tan() function, 451 target encoding
Page 505 and 506: function parameters, 33 functions f
Page 507: xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handle
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